OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between bone marrow edema and pathological changes, symptoms and signs of severe knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: From January 2020 to March 2021, 160 patients with severe knee osteoarthritis who underwrent MRI of the knee at the Department of Bone and Joint, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences were included. Eighty patients with bone marrow edema were selected as the case group, including 12 males and 68 females, aged from 51 to 80 years old with an average of (66.58±8.10) years old, the duration of disease 5 to 40 months with an average of (15.61±9.25) months. Eighty patients without bone marrow edema were selected as the control group, including 15 males and 65 females, aged from 50 to 80 years old with an average of (67.82±8.05) years old, the duration of disease 6 to 37 months with an average of (15.75±8.18) months, BMI was (28.26±3.13) kg·m^-2 ranged from 21.39 to 34.46 kg·m^-2. The degree of bone marrow edema was evaluated by knee whole oragan magnetic resonance imaging score (WORMS). The degree of knee osteoarthritis was evaluated by Kellgren- Lawrence(K-L) grade and Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). The degree of joint pain was evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS) and WOMAC pain score, the joint signs were evaluated by tenderness, percussion pain, joint swelling and joint range of motion. To explore the relationship between bone marrow edema and knee osteoarthritis, the prevalence of bone marrow edema and K-L grade were compared between the two groups. Furthermore the WORMS score and WOMAC index, pain-related score, and sign-related score correlation coefficient were analyzed to further explore the relationship between bone marrow edema and knee osteoarthritis index, joint pain symptoms and signs. RESULTS: There was 68.75% (55/80) of the patients in the case group were in K-L grade Ⅳ, and 52.5% (42/80) in the control group, indicating a higher proportion of patients with grade Ⅳ in the case group than the control group (χ²=4.425, P<0.05). In the case group, there was a strong correlation between bone marrow edema WORMS score and knee osteoarthritis WOMAC index. (r=0.873>0.8, P<0.001), a moderate correlation between WORMS score and VAS score and WOMAC pain score(r=0.752, 0.650>0.5, P<0.001), a moderate correlation between WORMS score and percussion pain score (r=0.784>0.5, P<0.001), and a weak correlation between WORMS score and VAS and tenderness score, joint swelling score and joint range of motion score (r=0.194, 0.259, 0.296<0.3, P<0.001). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that severe knee osteoarthritis is associated with an increased risk of bone marrow edema. Bone marrow edema can also lead to knee osteoarthritis joint pain, with percussion pain being a positive sign, but tenderness, joint swelling and limitation of activity are not significantly related to bone marrow edema.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/pathology* ; Bone Marrow/pathology* ; Knee Joint/diagnostic imaging* ; Bone Marrow Diseases/etiology* ; Pain/pathology* ; Arthralgia ; Edema/pathology*

STUDY DESIGN: Case control study. PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence and degree of asymptomatic cervical and lumbar facet joint arthritis. We retrospectively reviewed 500 computed tomography (CT) scans of cervical facet joints obtained from 50 subjects. Moreover, 500 lumbar facet joints obtained from an additional 50 subjects were reviewed. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Numerous reports in the literature indicate that joint arthritis is a major source of axial neck and low back pain. However, the diagnostic value of this condition, based on degenerative changes seen on radiological studies, remains controversial because significant imaging findings may not correlate with corresponding symptoms. The CT scan is a sensitive method for facet joint evaluation and may reveal degenerative abnormalities. Previous studies have described the prevalence of facet arthropathy in symptomatic patients, according to radiological findings; however, no study to date has assessed its prevalence in asymptomatic patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the neck and abdominal CT scans of patients had been examined for non-spinal pathologies (i.e., thyroid disease, rule out cancer, ascites). Electronic medical records were reviewed to exclude patients with histories of either neck or back pain. Arthritis severity was graded using a previously published four-point CT scale. RESULTS: The prevalence of asymptomatic cervical facet arthritis (grade 1–3) was 33% (grade 1, 19%; grade 2, 11%; and grade 3, 3%). Among asymptomatic patients, 37% had scalable lumbar facet join arthritis (grade 1, 24%; grade 2, 9%; and grade 3, 4%). There was a statistically significant difference (chi-square test, p<0.0001) in the number of older individuals with arthritic degeneration at the cervical and lumbar levels compared with that of younger individuals. The C6–C7 and L5–S1 levels were the most likely to show arthritic changes. CONCLUSIONS: Arthritic changes to the cervical and lumbar facet joints are prevalent among patients, and in some cases are asymptomatic. These findings were more common in older patients and at lower spinal levels.
Arthritis ; Back Pain ; Case-Control Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Electronic Health Records ; Humans ; Joints ; Low Back Pain ; Methods ; Neck ; Pathology ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Diseases ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Zygapophyseal Joint

In this study, we reported a case of progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia in Peking University Third Hospital. A 56-year-old male patient presented with hip joint pain for more than 40 years and multiple joints pain with limitation of movements of these joints for 28 years. This patient suffered from joint pain and impaired range of motion of the hip, knee, elbow and shoulder gradually, associated with difficulty in walking and inability to take care of himself. He was diagnosed with "femoral head necrosis" or "ankylosing spondylitis" in local hospitals, but the treatment of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and sulfasalazine was not effective. Up to the age of 14, the patient displayed normal physical development, with the highest height was about 158 cm, according to the patient recall. However, his height was 153 cm at present. There was no history of similar illness in any family member. Physical examinations descried limitation of movement of almost all joints. Enlargement and flexion deformity of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of the hands resulted in the claw hand appearance. Limited abduction and internal and external rotation of the shoulder and hip could be find. He had normal laboratory findings for blood routine test, biochemical indexes and acute phase reactants such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Furthermore, HLA-B27 and autoimmune antibodies such as rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody and antinuclear antibody (ANA) were all negative. X-ray of the hip showed loss of the joint space and irregularities of the femoral head, both femoral head were flattened, it could be see hyperplasia, osteophytes, bilateral femoral neck thicken, neck dry angle turned smaller. The radiological findings of the spinal vertebra indicated kyphosis deformity, narrowing of the intervertebral discs, vertebral syndesmophytes and flattening of the vertebra. However, there was no clues of bone marrow edema in the lumbar MRI. At last, genetic testing for the Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein 3 (WISP3) gene was done and indicated compound heterozygous mutations: 756C>G and c.866dupA. These two mutations were derived from the patient's mother and father (the patient's parents each had a heterozygous mutation). Two exons of the WISP3 gene had nucleotide changes leading to amino acid mutations. According to the patient's history, symptoms, physical examinations, radiological findings and genetic testing, the final definitive diagnosis was progressive pseudorheumatic dysplasia.
Cerebral Palsy ; Heterozygote ; Hip/pathology* ; Humans ; Joint Diseases/etiology* ; Male ; Microcephaly ; Middle Aged ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing/diagnosis*

Arthroscopy has become an attractive modality in the diagnosis and treatment of joint diseases in toy breed dogs. However, the application of arthroscopy is limited by small joint space. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a stifle lever for joint distraction during stifle arthroscopy in toy breed dogs. Paired stifles (n = 32 each) collected from 16 cadavers of toy breed dogs were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the stifle lever group or the external manipulation group. All stifles underwent arthroscopic cranial cruciate ligament transection, and the visualization of the medial meniscus was evaluated. Medial meniscal release (MMR) was then performed. Following arthroscopic examination, the success rates of MMR and damages of tibial and femoral cartilages were evaluated. Visualization of the medial meniscus was significantly better, and meniscal probing was significantly easier, in the stifle lever group than in the external manipulation group (p = 0.001). There were no significant differences between groups for MMR success or articular cartilage damage. Using the stifle lever on arthroscopic examination improved visualization and probing on the medial meniscus in toy breed dogs. The stifle lever can be used as a good modality in assessing medial meniscal pathology in toy breed dogs.
Animals ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Arthroscopy ; Cadaver ; Cartilage ; Cartilage, Articular ; Diagnosis ; Dogs ; Joint Diseases ; Joints ; Menisci, Tibial ; Pathology ; Play and Playthings ; Stifle

OBJECTIVETo compare the long-term outcomes of arthroscopy and non-surgical therapy in patients with knee synovial plica syndrome (SPS).

METHODSThirty-one patients with knee SPS undergoing arthroscopic surgery and 27 SPS patients undergoing conservative treatment with articular cavity injection of sodium hyaluronate (control group) were compared for visual pain score (VAS) and the Lysholm score before and after the operation. The patients were followed-up for more than 5 years, and the long-term outcomes were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.

RESULTSs VAS and the Lysholm scores in both groups were significantly lowered after treatment (P<0.05). The postoperative VAS score was significantly lower while the Lysholm score significantly higher in arthroscopic surgery group than in the control group (P<0.05). Arithmetic mean and the median time of curative effect maintenance were 49 and 43 months in arthroscopic surgery group, as compared with 33 and 29 months in the control group, respectively; the cumulative effect maintenance rate in arthroscopic surgery group was significantly higher than that in the control group (Χ2=4.933, P=4.933).

CONCLUSIONArthroscopic treatment produces better therapeutic effect on knee joint SPS and ensures longer long-term therapeutic effect maintenance than conservative treatment.

Adult ; Arthroscopy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Joint Diseases ; surgery ; Knee Joint ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Pain, Postoperative ; Postoperative Period ; Synovectomy ; Synovial Membrane ; pathology ; Treatment Outcome

Anterior disc displacement is a common subtype seen in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients. It may cause mandibular movement disorders, such as clicking of joint, intermittent closed lock, limitation of mouth opening, etc. These disorders may affect the life qualities of patients. Anterior disc displacement may also cause mandibular malformations, especially among adolescents, which may affect the growth of condyle, therefore may have a correlation with mandibular retrusion or mandibular deviation when grown up. This paper going to review the influences of anterior disc displacement on oral mandibular function and morphology and their biological mechanisms.
Adolescent ; Humans ; Mandible ; abnormalities ; pathology ; Mandibular Condyle ; growth & development ; Mandibular Diseases ; etiology ; Movement ; Retrognathia ; etiology ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; etiology ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the interobserver reproducibility and diagnostic feasibility of a visual grading system for assessing atrophy of the supraspinatus muscle on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three independent radiologists retrospectively evaluated the occupying ratio of the supraspinatus muscle in the supraspinatus fossa on 192 shoulder MRI examinations in 188 patients using a 3-point visual grading system (1, > or = 60%; 2, 30-59%; 3, < 30%) on oblique sagittal T1-weighted images. The inter-reader agreement and the agreement with the reference standard (3-point grades according to absolute occupying ratio values quantitatively measured by directly contouring the muscles on MRI) were analyzed using weighted kappa. The visual grading was applied by a single reader to a group of 100 consecutive patients who had undergone rotator cuff repair to retrospectively determine the association between the visual grades at preoperative state and postsurgical occurrences of retear. RESULTS: The inter-reader weighted kappa value for the visual grading was 0.74 when averaged across three reader pairs (0.70-0.77 for individual reader pairs). The weighted kappa value between the visual grading and the reference standard ranged from 0.75 to 0.83. There was a significant difference in retear rates of the rotator cuff between the 3 visual grades of supraspinatus muscle atrophy on MRI in univariable analysis (p < 0.001), but not in multivariable analysis (p = 0.026). CONCLUSION: The 3-point visual grading system may be a feasible method to assess the severity of supraspinatus muscle atrophy on MRI and assist in the clinical management of patients with rotator cuff tear.
Adult ; Aged ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Diseases ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscular Atrophy/diagnosis/*pathology ; Observer Variation ; Reference Standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; Rotator Cuff/*pathology ; Young Adult

Adult ; Asymptomatic Diseases ; China ; Chondromatosis, Synovial ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Hip Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Hemangioma ; pathology ; Humans ; Joint Diseases ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Synovial Membrane ; pathology

Intra-articular haemangioma is a rare and uncommon condition that sometimes presents in infants. The lesion can be a diagnostic challenge, with misdiagnosis often leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. It is essential to establish and treat the condition early, as intra-articular haemangioma can lead to destruction of the joint and secondary arthrosis. Herein, we report the case of a five-year-old boy who presented with intra-articular haemangioma and discuss the management of his condition.
Arthralgia ; physiopathology ; Biopsy, Needle ; Child, Preschool ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangioma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Joint Capsule ; pathology ; surgery ; Knee Joint ; pathology ; surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Orthopedic Procedures ; methods ; Rare Diseases ; Risk Assessment ; Synovectomy ; Synovial Membrane ; pathology ; Treatment Outcome