Objective To study the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts in children.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 50 children with pancreatic pseudocysts diagnosed and treated in the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from September 2006 to August 2017.36 of these 50 children were treated with external drainage (including 2 patients after conservative treatment),5 internal drainage (including 2 patients after external drainage),and 13 conservative treatment.Results 47 patients were diagnosed by clinical symptoms,amylase examinations,ultrasound and CT scans;and 3 patients by surgical exploration.Of the 36 patients who were treated with external drainage,29 recovered and 5 improved.Two patients relapsed and underwent internal drainage.Five patients who were treated with internal drainage recovered.Of 13 patients who were treated with conservation treatment,10 were cured,1 recovered well,and the remaining 2 developed relapse and underwent external drainage.Conclusions The incidence of pancreatic pseudocyst in children was low.The diagnosis depended on clinical symptoms,biochemical and radiological examinations.For patients with small cysts,no complications and asymptomatic,conservative treatment is suggested.There were no obvious differences in the treatment results between internal and external drainage,and external drainage is advocated because of its advantages.Differences in the etiology play a vital role in the choice of treatment.In elective surgery for a pancreatic pseudocyst caused by trauma,external drainage is preferred.For those who developed after pancreatitis,internal drainage is advocated.