Objective To investigate the expression and significance of microRNA(miR)-4429 and microRNA(miR)-19-3p level in patients with pelvic floor dysfunctional(PFD)disease.Methods A total of 90 PFD patients admitted to the Second People's Hospital of Hengshui from June 2021 to June 2022 were selected as the PFD group.They were grouped into the pelvic organ prolapse(POP)group(n=50),the stress urinary incontinence(SUI)group(n=25),and the POP combined with SUI group(n=15).Meanwhile,80 healthy women who were examined in the Second People's Hospital of Hengshui were collected as the control group.The general data such as delivery mode,previous abortion history and family history were compared between the control group and the PFD group.The levels of serum miR-4429 and miR-19-3p in each group were compared.The diagnostic value of serum miR-4429 and miR-19-3p levels in PFD was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis.Logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the factors affecting PFD.The paired sample t-test was applied to compare the changes in serum miR-4429 and miR-19-3p levels before and after PFD treatment.Results There were significant differences between the PFD group and the control group in terms of delivery mode,previous abortion history,and PFD family history,and the differences were statistically significant(t=4.415,6.444,4.707,all P＜0.05).The serum miR-4429(0.71±0.19 vs 1.00±0.25)level in the PFD group was lower than that in the control group,while the miR-19-3p(1.44±0.35 vs 1.01±0.28)level was higher than that in the control group,and the differences was statistically significant(t=8.927,8.772,all P＜0.05).The serum miR-4429(0.73±0.22,0.74±0.16 vs 0.59±0.16)level in the POP and SUI groups was higher than that in the POP combined SUI group,while the serum miR-19-3p(1.35±0.39,1.41±0.31 vs 1.77±0.56)level in the POP group and SUI group was lower than that in the POP combined with SUI group,with significant differences(t=3.531,3.411;5.003,3.865,all P＜0.05).ROC analysis showed that the areas under curve(AUC)for miR-4429 and miR-19-3p to assist in assessing whether PFD occurs were 0.805 and 0.825,respectively.The AUC of the combined detection was 0.865.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that miR-19-3p was a risk factor affecting PFD,while miR-4429 was a protective factor.After treatment,serum miR-4429(0.93±0.23 vs 0.71±0.19)level in PFD patients increased,while the miR-19-3p(1.12±0.29 vs 1.44±0.35)level decreased,the diffences were statistically significant(t=6.996,6.679,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The serum miR-4429 level in patients with PFD decreased,while the miR-19-3p level increased.The levels of miR-4429 and miR-19-3p in serum were closely related to the occurrence and development of PFD diseases,which can be used as evaluation indicators to predict PFD.

Statistical analysis was conducted on the quantity of Chinese medicine material and sliced herbal medicine,the species types and medicinal parts of Chinese medicine material and sliced herbal medicine,and the quantity and composition of Chinese patent medicines and single-herb preparations in Chinese Pharmacopoeia of the 2020 edition.The statistical results are available on the web site(http://itcm.hzau.edu.cn/yd/zgyd.htm)for reference.The analysis results showed that:(1)Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Part I)contained a total of 616 kinds of Chinese medicine material and sliced herbal medicine and 47 kinds of plant oils and extracts.The 616 kinds of Chinese medicine material and sliced herbal medicine originated from plants,animals,minerals,microorganisms,artificial or synthetic raw materials,human-sourced products,and products having the origin of both animal and plants.Of the 47 kinds of plant oils and extracts,46 were made from plant sources,and the remaining one,i.e.Cornu Bubali concentrated powder,was made from the animal sources.(2)A total of 421(73.60%)from the 616 kinds of Chinese medicine material and sliced herbal medicine originated from the single species,96(16.78%)originated from 2 kinds of species,40(6.99%)originated from 3 kinds of species,11(1.92%)originated from 4 kinds of species,2(0.35%)originated from 5 kinds of species,and 2(0.35%)originated from 6 kinds of species.Of the 47 kinds of plant oils and extracts,34 originated from the single species,5 originated from 2 kinds of species and 5 originated from 3 kinds of species.(3)The Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Part I)contained a total of 1 605 Chinese patent medicines and single-herb preparations.Except that the composition of Yunnan Baiyao Powder and Yunnan Baiyao Capsules was not issued,the remaining 1 603 types of Chinese patent medicines and single-herb preparations involved a total of 14 329 kinds of medicinal materials.The Chinese medicines with the leading 20 frequency used in the Chinese patent medicines and single-herb preparations recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia of 2020 edition were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Poria,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Scutellariae Radix,Paeoniae Radix Alba,Astragali Radix,Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,Rehmanniae Radix,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Borneolum Syntheticum,Platycodonis Radix,Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,Rehmanniae Radix Preparata,Aucklandiae Radix,Carthami Flos,Ophiopogonis Radix,Codonopsis Radix and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix.The results suggest that there were still problems existing in Chinese Pharmacopoeia of the 2020 edition,i.e.,some of the drugs of Chinese patent medicines were not listed in the Chinese medicine material and sliced herbal medicine,and some of the prepared drugs of Chinese patent medicines were not listed in the Chinese medicine material and sliced herbal medicine,either.The systemic analysis of the general information of Chinese medicinal materials as well as their correlation with Chinese patent medicines in Chinese Pharmacopoeia will provide a reference for further research on the production of Chinese medicine material and sliced herbal medicine and the complete list of drugs in Chinese patent medicines.

Heat stroke(HS)is a serious life-threatening disease caused by heat injury and characterized by a core body temperature>40℃with central nervous system dysfunction and multi-organ failure.The main pathophysiological manifestations of HS are the thermal acute phase response and thermoregulatory imbalance.Proteins are particularly sensitive to heat,and the thermal environment can cause massive protein denaturation,resulting in the deposition of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm,causing cellular dysfunction and even death.The unfolded protein response(UPR),mainly divided into the endoplasmic reticulum UPR and the mitochondrial UPR,is an important physiological process that helps proteins to fold correctly or degrade irretrievably denatured proteins.This paper summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of UPR,the relationship between UPR and severe diseases,as well as the relationship between HS and UPR to provide new ideas for the treatment of HS.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the brain effect mechanism and the correlation between brain functional imaging and cognitive function in treatment of depressive disorder (DD) with transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) based on the resting-state functional magenetic reasonance imaging (rs-fMRI). METHODS: Thirty-two DD patients were included in a depression group and 32 subjects of healthy condition were enrolled in a normal group. In the depression group, the taVNS was applied to bilateral Xin (CO₁₅) and Shen (CO₁₀), at disperse-dense wave, 4 Hz/20 Hz in frequency and current intensity ≤20 mA depending on patient's tolerance, 30 min each time, twice daily. The duration of treatment consisted of 8 weeks. The patients of two groups were undertaken rs-fMRI scanning. The scores of Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) were observed in the normal group at baseline and the depression group before and after treatment separately. The differential brain regions were observed before and after treatment in the two groups and the value of degree centrality (DC) of fMRI was obtained. Their correlation was analyzed in terms of HAMD, HAMA and WCST scores. RESULTS: The scores of HAMD and HAMA in the depression group were all higher than those in the normal group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of HAMD and HAMA were lower than those before treatment in the depression group; the scores of total responses, response errors and perseverative errors of WCST were all lower than those before treatment (P<0.05). The brain regions with significant differences included the left inferior temporal gyrus, the left cerebellar peduncles region 1, the left insula, the right putamen, the bilateral supplementary motor area and the right middle frontal gyrus. After treatment, the value of DC in left supplementary motor area was negatively correlated to HAMD and HAMA scores respectively (r=-0.324, P=0.012; r=-0.310, P=0.015); the value of DC in left cerebellar peduncles region 1 was negatively correlated to the total responses of WCST (r=-0.322, P=0.013), and the left insula was positively correlated to the total responses of WCST (r=0.271, P=0.036). CONCLUSION The taVNS can modulate the intensity of the functional activities of some brain regions so as to relieve depressive symptoms and improve cognitive function.
Humans ; Depression/therapy* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Vagus Nerve Stimulation/methods* ; Brain/diagnostic imaging* ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation/methods* ; Vagus Nerve

Mycena, a symbiont of Gastrodia elata, promotes seed germination of G. elata and plays a crucial role in the sexual reproduction of G. elata. However, the lack of genetic transformation system of Mycena blocks the research on the interaction mechanism of the two. In order to establish the protoplast transformation system of Mycena, this study analyzed the protoplast enzymatic hydrolysis system, screened the resistance markers and regeneration medium, and explored the transient transformation. After hydrolysis of Mycena hyphae with complexes enzymes for 8 h and centrifugation at 4 000 r·min~(-1), high-concentration and quality protoplast was obtained. The optimum regeneration medium for Mycena was RMV, and the optimum resistance marker was 50 mg·mL~(-1) hygromycin. The pLH-HygB-HuSHXG-GFP-HdSHXG was transformed into the protoplast of Mycena which then expressed GFP. The established protoplast transformation system of Mycena laid a foundation for analyzing the functional genes of Mycena and the molecular mechanism of the symbiosis of Mycena and G. elata.
Agaricales ; Gastrodia/genetics* ; Protoplasts ; Symbiosis/genetics* ; Transformation, Genetic

Objective: To investigate the functional changes of key gut microbiota (GM) that produce lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients and to explore their potential role in the pathogenesis of AF. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Patients with AF admitted to Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University were enrolled from March 2016 to December 2018. Subjects with matched genetic backgrounds undergoing physical examination during the same period were selected as controls. Clinical baseline data and fecal samples were collected. Bacterial DNA was extracted and metagenomic sequencing was performed by using Illumina Novaseq. Based on metagenomic data, the relative abundances of KEGG Orthology (KO), enzymatic genes and species that harbored enzymatic genes were acquired. The key features were selected via the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. The role of GM-derived LPS biosynthetic feature in the development of AF was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and logistic regression analysis. Results: Fifty nonvalvular AF patients (mean age: 66.0 (57.0, 71.3), 32 males(64%)) were enrolled as AF group. Fifty individuals (mean age 55.0 (50.5, 57.5), 41 males(82%)) were recruited as controls. Compared with the controls, AF patients showed a marked difference in the GM genes underlying LPS-biosynthesis, including 20 potential LPS-synthesis KO, 7 LPS-biosynthesis enzymatic genes and 89 species that were assigned as taxa harbored nine LPS-enzymatic genes. LASSO regression analysis showed that 5 KO, 3 enzymatic genes and 9 species could be selected to construct the KO, enzyme and species scoring system. Genes enriched in AF group included 2 KO (K02851 and K00972), 3 enzymatic genes (LpxH, LpxC and LpxK) and 7 species (Intestinibacter bartlettii、Ruminococcus sp. JC304、Coprococcus catus、uncultured Eubacterium sp.、Eubacterium sp. CAG:251、Anaerostipes hadrus、Dorea longicatena). ROC curve analysis revealed the predictive capacity of differential GM-derived LPS signatures to distinguish AF patients in terms of above KO, enzymatic and species scores: area under curve (AUC)=0.957, 95%CI: 0.918-0.995, AUC=0.940, 95%CI 0.889-0.991, AUC=0.972, 95%CI 0.948-0.997. PLS-SEM showed that changes in lipopolysaccharide-producing bacteria could be involved in the pathogenesis of AF. The key KO mediated 35.17% of the total effect of key bacteria on AF. After incorporating the clinical factors of AF, the KO score was positively associated with the significantly increased risk of AF (OR<0.001, 95%CI:<0.001-0.021, P<0.001). Conclusion: Microbes involved in LPS synthesis are enriched in the gut of AF patients, accompanied with up-regulated LPS synthesis function by encoding the LPS-enzymatic biosynthesis gene.
Aged ; Atrial Fibrillation/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies

Fibrosis is a pathological process of abnormal hyperplasia and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix during the process of repair after tissue and organ damage. Injury/inflammation caused by variously chronic diseases is a major trigger for fibrogenesis. Fibrosis of the liver and kidney is a common organ fibrosis. Recently, the intestinal microbiota has been shown to be extensively involved in the development of liver and kidney diseases, which may follow from changes in the intestinal microbial composition and intestinal integrity. This promotes the development of liver and/or kidney fibrosis through endocrine, cell signaling and other pathways. This paper reviews the research progress in understanding liver fibrosis and kidney fibrosis based on the gut-liver-kidney axis, which may be helpful for providing new strategies and theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic and renal fibrosis.

Objective To study the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Lymphedema Quality of Life Questionnaire (LYMQOL) in lymphedema patients. Methods LYMQOL was translated into Chinese. The Chinese version of the LYMQOL was distributed with the official Wechat account "Lymphedema Channel" to lymphedema patients who were recruited from October 28
China ; Humans ; Lymphedema ; Quality of Life ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of relapsing polychondritis(RP)patients presented with arthropathy. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 201 RP patients who were hospitalized in our center between December 2005 and February 2019.After 16 patients with co-existing other autoimmune diseases and malignancies were ruled out,185 RP patients entered the final analysis,among whom 16 RP patients were presented with arthropathy and 169 without arthropathy.The demographic data,clinical manifestations,laboratory findings,and prognosis were compared between these two groups. Results Five of the 16 RP patients with arthropathy at presentation were misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis.Compared with RP patients without arthropathy at presentation,RP patients with arthropathy at presentation had a longer disease course[(37.50±66.50)months
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Joint Diseases/diagnosis* ; Polychondritis, Relapsing/diagnosis* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a 48-week course of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) plus Chinese medicine (CM) therapy, namely Tiaogan Jianpi Hexue () and Tiaogan Jiedu Huashi () fomulae, in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive Chinese patients. METHODS: A total of 605 HBeAg-positive Chinese CHB patients were screened and 590 eligible participants were randomly assigned to 2 groups in 1:1 ratio including experimental group (EG, received ADV plus CM) and control group (CG, received ADV plus CM-placebo) for 48 weeks. The major study outcomes were the rates of HBeAg and HBV-DNA loss on week 12, 24, 36, 48, respectively. Secondary endpoints including liver functions (enzymes and bilirubin readings) were evaluated every 4 weeks at the beginning of week 24, 36, and 48. Routine blood, urine, and stool analyses in addition to electrocardiogram and abdominal B scan were monitored as safety evaluations. Adverse events (AEs) were documented. RESULTS: The combination therapy demonstrated superior HBeAg loss at 48 weeks, without additional AEs. The full analysis population was 560 and 280 in each group. In the EG, population achieved HBeAg loss on week 12, 24, 36, and 48 were 25 (8.90%), 34 (12.14%), 52 (18.57%), and 83 (29.64%), respectively; the equivalent numbers in the CG were 20 (7.14%), 41 (14.64%), 54 (19.29%), and 50 (17.86%), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between these group values on week 48 (P<0.01). No additional AEs were found in EG. Subgroup analysis suggested different outcomes among treatment patterns. CONCLUSION Combination of CM and ADV therapy demonstrated superior HBeAg clearance compared with ADV monotherapy. The finding indicates that this combination therapy may provide an improved therapeutic effect and safety profile (ChiCTR-TRC-11001263).
Adenine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Organophosphonates ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult