Recent advancements in various technologies have shed light on the critical role of metabolism in immune cells, paving the way for innovative disease treatment strategies through immunometabolism modulation. This review emphasizes the glucose metabolism of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), an emerging pivotal immunosuppressive factor especially within the tumor microenvironment. MDSCs, an immature and heterogeneous myeloid cell population, act as a double-edged sword by exacerbating tumors or mitigating inflammatory diseases through their immune-suppressive functions. Numerous recent studies have centered on glycolysis of MDSC, investigating the regulation of altered glycolytic pathways to manage diseases. However, the specific changes in MDSC glycolysis and their exact functions continue to be areas of ongoing discussion yet. In this paper, we review a range of current findings, including the latest research on the alteration of glycolysis in MDSCs, the consequential functional alterations in these cells, and the outcomes of attempts to modulate MDSC functions by regulating glycolysis. Ultimately, we will provide insights into whether these research efforts could be translated into clinical applications.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the concept of transfer anxiety in parents of children transferred from pediatric intensive care units to general wards. Methods: The hybrid model by Schwarz-Barcott and Kim was used to analyze the characteristics of transfer anxiety in parents of children transferred from pediatric intensive care units to general wards. Results: Transfer anxiety was defined by the following attributes: 1) stress concerning the adaptation process, 2) concern about the child’s condition worsening due to the parent’s caregiving, and 3) involuntary changes in daily life due to the treatment. Transfer anxiety has the following antecedents: 1) uncertainty; 2) a lack of knowledge about the illness, medical devices, and caregiving; and 3) a lack of social support. It resulted in 1) caregiver burden, 2) a decrease in the capacity for coping with caregiving, 3) delays in the child’s physical and psychological recovery, and 4) decreased quality of life. Conclusion It is necessary to develop an assessment scale that considers the attributes of transfer anxiety in parents of children transferred from pediatric intensive care units to general wards. Furthermore, an effective nursing intervention should be developed to reduce transfer anxiety.

Bariatric patients are at risk of diverse complications, such as bowel obstruction, internal hernia, and mesenteric thrombosis, which can result in massive small bowel resection with short bowel syndrome (SBS) as a consequence. In this study a case of an internal hernia after childbirth in a 36-year-old patient with a history of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery is reported. An emergency laparotomy revealed an internal hernia in Petersen’s space with volvulus, causing extensive small bowel infarction and necrosis. SBS is a complicated multifaceted syndrome which requires a multidisciplinary approach, such as medical, nutritional, and pharmaceutical therapies, to optimize fluid and nutrient absorption over long-term monitoring and with revisions of the care plan. To reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with an internal hernia and volvulus, clinicians must be acutely aware of a potential SBS diagnosis and not delay surgical exploration, even if the vital signs, laboratory results, and imaging studies are normal.

Background: Smoking is a known risk factor for decreasing pulmonary function. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between smoking and lung function considering obesity and age group. Methods: This study was based on the data collected during the 2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES VII). A total of 3,411 adults were retrieved from KNHANES VII. Among 3,411 adults, we studied 1,411 male subjects. Impaired lung function was measured by spirometry at least twice. Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance. Results: In this study, forced expiratory volume in the first second was associated with smoking status (P=0.024). The association was stronger in old subjects (P=0.008). Also, in the obese group, the association of lung function with smoking status was not significant, but the association was significant in the non-obese group (P=0.019). Conclusions In this study, Smoking was significantly associated with impaired lung function. The association was stronger in old men and obese men. In order to obtain an accurate assessment of the association between smoking and pulmonary function values, further prospective cohort study in the future is necessary.

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare syndrome characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal injury, which results from uncontrolled complement activation. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of aHUS may result in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and an associated dependence on dialysis. In extreme cases, it may cause death due to multi-organ failure. Eculizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against C5, inhibits the formation of the terminal membrane attack complex and is used to treat aHUS. Here, we report a 46-year-old male patient who suffered from aHUS relapse, despite prior treatment with repeated plasma exchange and hemodialysis. Eculizumab therapy improved his hematologic findings without use of hemodialysis.

Background: Smoking is a known risk factor for decreasing pulmonary function. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between smoking and lung function considering obesity and age group. Methods: This study was based on the data collected during the 2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES VII). A total of 3,411 adults were retrieved from KNHANES VII. Among 3,411 adults, we studied 1,411 male subjects. Impaired lung function was measured by spirometry at least twice. Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance. Results: In this study, forced expiratory volume in the first second was associated with smoking status (P=0.024). The association was stronger in old subjects (P=0.008). Also, in the obese group, the association of lung function with smoking status was not significant, but the association was significant in the non-obese group (P=0.019). Conclusions In this study, Smoking was significantly associated with impaired lung function. The association was stronger in old men and obese men. In order to obtain an accurate assessment of the association between smoking and pulmonary function values, further prospective cohort study in the future is necessary.

Bariatric patients are at risk of diverse complications, such as bowel obstruction, internal hernia, and mesenteric thrombosis, which can result in massive small bowel resection with short bowel syndrome (SBS) as a consequence. In this study a case of an internal hernia after childbirth in a 36-year-old patient with a history of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery is reported. An emergency laparotomy revealed an internal hernia in Petersen’s space with volvulus, causing extensive small bowel infarction and necrosis. SBS is a complicated multifaceted syndrome which requires a multidisciplinary approach, such as medical, nutritional, and pharmaceutical therapies, to optimize fluid and nutrient absorption over long-term monitoring and with revisions of the care plan. To reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with an internal hernia and volvulus, clinicians must be acutely aware of a potential SBS diagnosis and not delay surgical exploration, even if the vital signs, laboratory results, and imaging studies are normal.

Circadian rhythms are driven by circadian oscillators, and these rhythms result in the biological phenomenon of 24-h oscillations. Previous studies suggest that learning and memory are affected by circadian rhythms. One of the genes responsible for generating the circadian rhythm is Rev-erbα. The REV-ERBα protein is a nuclear receptor that acts as a transcriptional repressor, and is a core component of the circadian clock. However, the role of REV-ERBα in neurophysiological processes in the hippocampus has not been characterized yet. In this study, we examined the time-dependent role of REV-ERBα in hippocampal synaptic plasticity using Rev-erbα KO mice. The KO mice lacking REV-ERBα displayed abnormal NMDAR-dependent synaptic potentiation (E-LTP) at CT12~CT14 (subjective night) when compared to their wild-type littermates. However, Rev-erbα KO mice exhibited normal E-LTP at CT0~CT2 (subjective day). We also found that the Rev-erbα KO mice had intact late LTP (L-LTP) at both subjective day and night. Taken together, these results provide evidence that REV-ERBα is critical for hippocampal E-LTP during the dark period.
Animals ; Biological Phenomena ; Circadian Clocks ; Circadian Rhythm ; Hippocampus ; Learning ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Memory ; Mice ; Neuronal Plasticity

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the correlation between bone mineral density (BMD)/trabecular bone score (TBS) and body mass index (BMI), height and weight in Korean adults. METHODS: We enrolled 2555 female participants in their 20s–80s and 1631 male participants in their 20s–70s. Participants with history of previous vertebral surgeries or current vertebral diseases were excluded. Female and male participants were divided into osteoporosis group (n = 136 and n = 31, respectively), osteopenia group (n = 822 and n = 460, respectively), and normal group (n = 1596 and n = 1140, respectively) based on their BMD T-score. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry image analysis and linear regression analysis were conducted on each participant in each group to determine the P-value and the correlation between BMD T-score/TBS T-score and BMI, weight, and height. RESULTS: We found a significant correlation between BMI and TBS in both male and female participants. In the male participants, the correlation coefficient increased progressively from the normal group to the osteoporosis group. In the female group, we observed a significant positive correlation between height and TBS, and in the male group a significant negative correlation between weight and TBS was observed. CONCLUSIONS: BMI and weight are closely correlated to body fat content. BMD was positively correlated to BMI and weight, while TBS was negatively correlated to BMI and weight. Therefore, although BMI causes an increase in BMD, it appears to be negatively affecting bone quality.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Body Mass Index* ; Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Male ; Miners* ; Osteoporosis

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