Objective To evaluate the patient-reported outcome(PRO)of patients with breast cancer who underwent autologous breast reconstruction and implant breast reconstruction.Methods Patients who underwent breast reconstruction in Shanghai Cancer Center,Fudan University from Jan 2020 to Jun 2021 were selected,including 111 patients who underwent autologous breast reconstruction and 108 patients who underwent implant breast reconstruction.Chinese version Breast-Q2.0 scale,breast cancer specificity scale QLQ-BR23 and EORTC quality of life scale QLQ-C30 were used to investigate the PRO of the two groups 18 months after operation.Results The rate of stage Ⅲ breast cancer in the self-weight construction group was higher than that in the implant reconstruction group(64.9%vs.44.4%,P<0.001).The preoperative neoadjuvant therapy and postoperative radiotherapy in the autologous reconstruction group were higher than those in the implant reconstruction group(P<0.001).Postoperative chemotherapy and endocrine therapy in the autologous reconstruction group were lower than those in the implant reconstruction group(P<0.001).The study based on Breast-Q scale showed that the breast satisfaction of autologous reconstruction group was higher than that of implant reconstruction(59.28±17.20 vs.54.94±14.48,P<0.05).The study based on QLQ-BR23 showed that the self-weight construction group was higher than the implant reconstruction group in the field of arm symptoms(20.02±20.80 vs.12.65±16.18,P<0.05).The study based on QLQ-C30 scale showed that there was no significant difference in all functional areas and symptom areas of patients.There was no significant difference in the number and time of social regression between the two groups.Conclusion Breast reconstruction can improve the PRO of breast cancer patients,and oncology factors will affect the choice of breast reconstruction.Patients with autologous breast reconstruction are more satisfied with breast appearance,but upper limb symptoms such as swelling and pain are more obvious than implant reconstruction,which is related to the higher proportion of axillary lymph node dissection in patients with autologous reconstruction.There is no significant difference in quality of life and social regression between the two groups.

At present,the development of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)pathways in deep inferior epigastric perforator(DIEP)flap breast reconstruction is still in the initial stage worldwide,lacking established guidelines.In the multidisciplinary ERAS pathways,the department of anesthesiology is responsible for some core elements such as optimizing anestheticprotocols,perioperative fluid management and homeostasis regulation,prevention of hypothermia,improvement of perioperative analgesia,and postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis.We summarized the anesthetic management in the ERAS pathways for patients undergoing DIEP flap breast reconstruction in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center,along with the recent progress,aiming to establish and improve the perioperative strategy based on ERAS pathways in DIEP flap breast reconstruction.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor among women globally,posing a serious threat to women's health.With the establishment of staging and typing principles for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment,and the development and application of novel antitumor drugs,the survival and quality of life of breast cancer patients have been continuously improving.In China,the large base of breast cancer patients possesses unique incidence characteristics,necessitating ongoing exploration of more appropriate treatment strategies;the volume and level of clinical research are also continuously advancing.In 2023,significant clinical research results were reported for different subtypes of breast cancer.In surgical treatment,clinical trials on targeted axillary lymph node dissection and the establishment of a predictive model BRCA-CRisk for contralateral breast cancer risk provide more evidence for de-escalation in surgical treatment.In the area of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-positive breast cancer,pyrotinib has shown significant efficacy in advanced breast cancer treatment.In triple-negative breast cancer,precision subtype treatment and immunotherapy continue to improve patient survival.For hormone receptor-positive breast cancer,significant research results were obtained in exempting low-risk patients from chemotherapy and exploring alternative options after resistance to endocrine therapy.In the aspect of BRCA mutations,BGB-290-201 further confirmed the therapeutic efficacy and safety of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)inhibitors for the Chinese population.For advanced HER2-negative patients carrying germline BRCA(gBRCA)1/2 mutations,pamiparib will be an ideal treatment choice.This article reviews the important clinical research in the field of breast cancer in China in 2023,summarizes key results,and aims to provide reference ideas for future clinical research.

Objective To observe the effect of postoperative local injection of platelet-rich plasma(PRP)on patients'early inflammatory response and functional recovery in ankle fractures with lower tibiofibular injuries.Methods Fifty ankle fracture patients with lower tibiofibular injuries admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2022 with postoperative local injection of PRP were selected as the PRP group,and 50 ankle fracture patients with lower tibiofibular injuries undergoing surgical treatment with ligament repair protocols in the same time period with their matched gender and age were selected as the conventional group.We compared the postoperative conditions,postoperative 3 d swelling,postoperative pain visual analogue(VAS)scores and levels of platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF),transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1),and inflammatory mediators in the two groups,and counted the 24-week postoperative good rate,ankle plantarflexion-dorsiflexion mobility,the quality of the restoration,and the complications in the two groups.Results The swelling grading in the PRP group was lower than that in the conventional group(28 cases of grade Ⅰ,20 cases of grade Ⅱ,and 2 cases of gradeⅢ)in the 3 d postoperative period(15 cases of grade Ⅰ,23 cases of grade Ⅱ,and 12 cases of gradeⅢ),and the VAS scores in the 3 d and 7 d postoperative period[(3.24±0.61)and(2.40±0.42)points]were lower than those in the conventional group[(3.78±0.74)and(2.96±0.55)],and the lower limb weight-bearing activity time(4.01±0.65)weeks,fracture healing time(3.05±0.42)months,and postoperative return to normal work time(3.17±0.47)months were shorter than those in the conventional group[weight-bearing activity time of lower limbs(4.29±0.74)weeks,fracture healing time(3.23±0.48)months,and postoperative return to normal work time(3.40±0.59)months].While the operation time(106.53±19.77)min,number of intraoperative fluoroscopies(14.47±3.23)times,and intraoperative blood loss(84.07±25.60)ml were not statistically different from those of the conventional group[operation time(108.20±18.41)min,number of intraoperative fluoroscopies(14.53±3.06)times,and intraoperative blood loss(86.23±22.17)ml]were not statistically different when compared(P＞0.05).There was no statistical difference in the comparison of preoperative inflammatory mediators,PDGF,and TGF-β1 between the two groups(P＞0.05).In both groups,PDGF was higher and interleukin-6(IL-6),TGF-β1,C-reactive protein(CRP),and tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were lower at 12 weeks postoperatively compared with the preoperative period(P＜0.05).In the PRP group,the postoperative PDGF was higher than that of the conventional group,and the inflammatory mediators and TGF-β1 were lower than those of the conventional group at 12 weeks postoperatively(P＜0.05).In the PRP group,the postoperative 24 week good rate and ankle plantarflexion-dorsiflexion mobility were higher than that of the conventional group,and the inferior tibiofibular coalition anterior spacing(ITFACS)and inferior tibiofibular coalition posterior spacing(ITFPCS)were lower than that of the conventional group,and there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of complications when comparing the rate with that of the conventional group(P＞0.05).Conclusion Local PRP injection combined with ligament repair protocol for treatment of ankle fractures with lower tibial fibula injuries accelerates patients'early functional recovery and improves the quality of anatomical repositioning,which may be related to the inhibition of inflammatory mediator release and the promotion of bone repair.

Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer have significantly improved survival rates. Breast cancer-related lymphedema is the most common mid-and long-term complication after breast cancer surgery, which seriously affects the quality of life. Breast reconstruction can not only restore the shape of the breasts after mastectomy, but also reduce the occurrence of lymphedema to some extent. Immediate autologous breast reconstruction combined with lymphatic venous anastomosis (LVA) or vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) can effectively prevent lymphedema. Delayed breast reconstruction combined with LVA or VLNT can achieve the dual benefits of restoring the appearance and treating lymphedema at the same time. The autologous tissue flap can function as a bridge to promote lymphatic drainage, thus enhancing the treatment of lymphedema. The advances mentioned above in surgical techniques have provided a basis for decision making in breast reconstruction and the prevention and treatment of breast cancer-related lymphedema, and have also brought hope for improving the quality of life of patients.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease characterized by recurrent and unpredictable episodes of subcutaneous or submucosal edema. These attacks could induce fatal risk when larynx is involved. The estimated prevalence of HAE is about 1 in 50 000. Due to its rarity and the diversity of clinical manifestations, HAE is known little by related physicians and misdiagnosis and mistreatment happens very often. Therefore, it is crucial to improve physicians′ understanding of HAE. To address this, a comprehensive management approach for the diagnosis and treatment of HAE have developed in our hospital. This approach includes intra-hospital multi-disciplinary treatment (MDT), collaboration with provincial network hospitals, patient education online and offline interacting with media propaganda. By implementing this approach, the diagnostic precision was significantly improved, the diagnostic time was significantly shortened, and the frequency of emergency interventions for severe laryngeal edema was significantly reduced. Additionally, the collection of data from HAE patients has provided valuable clinical insights for the diagnosis and treatment of HAE in China.

Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer have significantly improved survival rates. Breast cancer-related lymphedema is the most common mid-and long-term complication after breast cancer surgery, which seriously affects the quality of life. Breast reconstruction can not only restore the shape of the breasts after mastectomy, but also reduce the occurrence of lymphedema to some extent. Immediate autologous breast reconstruction combined with lymphatic venous anastomosis (LVA) or vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) can effectively prevent lymphedema. Delayed breast reconstruction combined with LVA or VLNT can achieve the dual benefits of restoring the appearance and treating lymphedema at the same time. The autologous tissue flap can function as a bridge to promote lymphatic drainage, thus enhancing the treatment of lymphedema. The advances mentioned above in surgical techniques have provided a basis for decision making in breast reconstruction and the prevention and treatment of breast cancer-related lymphedema, and have also brought hope for improving the quality of life of patients.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease characterized by recurrent and unpredictable episodes of subcutaneous or submucosal edema. These attacks could induce fatal risk when larynx is involved. The estimated prevalence of HAE is about 1 in 50 000. Due to its rarity and the diversity of clinical manifestations, HAE is known little by related physicians and misdiagnosis and mistreatment happens very often. Therefore, it is crucial to improve physicians′ understanding of HAE. To address this, a comprehensive management approach for the diagnosis and treatment of HAE have developed in our hospital. This approach includes intra-hospital multi-disciplinary treatment (MDT), collaboration with provincial network hospitals, patient education online and offline interacting with media propaganda. By implementing this approach, the diagnostic precision was significantly improved, the diagnostic time was significantly shortened, and the frequency of emergency interventions for severe laryngeal edema was significantly reduced. Additionally, the collection of data from HAE patients has provided valuable clinical insights for the diagnosis and treatment of HAE in China.

Neutrophils originate from the bone marrow,differentiating from hematopoietic stem cells,and are the most prevalent polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the blood,accounting for approximately 70%of the total white blood cells in adult peripheral blood.Neutrophils are recognized as one of the relatively short-lived cells in the body,with a normal half-life of just a few hours in the peripheral blood,which rely on continuous replenishment from the bone marrow to maintain the number.As short-lived effectors of the innate immune system,neutrophils participate in various inflammatory and immune processes,and constitute the first line of defense against infection,playing a crucial role in the activation and regulation of both innate and adaptive immunity.Neutrophils were once considered as key effectors of inflammation and infection.Because of their short lifespan and non-proliferative nature,the role of neutrophils in cancer was overlooked.Their role in cancer has been increasingly recognized in recent years.However,more and more studies demonstrate that neutrophils play a much more significant role in cancer than previously thought.Breast cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in women,and its morbidity and mortality are in the forefront of female malignant tumors.The incidence of breast cancer is rising globally,posing a severe threat to the physical and mental health of women worldwide.Recent studies confirm that tumor-associated neutrophils(TANs)have become a critical component of the tumor microenvironment(TME)and play a significant role in the development,progression and metastasis of breast cancer.TANs are formed via the interaction of various tumor-derived cytokines which stimulate and recruit neutrophils to accumulate in the TME.The strong plasticity and diversity of neutrophils endow TANs with dual potential to both promote and inhibit tumors.TANs advance breast cancer progression by promoting tumor growth and metastasis,supporting tumor angiogenesis,immune suppression,and generating neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs).Conversely,TANs mediate antitumor responses through direct tumor cell killing and contributing to the formation of antitumor immune network.Research on TANs-related breast cancer therapies,particularly in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC),has become a research hotspot.This review summarized recent advances in the origin,formation,classification and function of TANs in breast cancer,as well as a detailed discussion of their clinical relevance.We further combined recent clinical studies to systematically summarize the treatment strategies targeting TANs in breast cancer,with the aim of providing new insights into the functional mechanisms of TANs and the treatment of breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis(PM),and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP)isolates in Chinese children.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information,laboratory data,and microbiological data of 160 hospitalized children under 15 years old with PM from January 2019 to December 2020 in 33 tertiary hospitals across the country.Results Among the 160 children with PM,there were 103 males and 57 females.The age ranged from 15 days to 15 years,with 109 cases(68.1% )aged 3 months to under 3 years.SP strains were isolated from 95 cases(59.4% )in cerebrospinal fluid cultures and from 57 cases(35.6% )in blood cultures.The positive rates of SP detection by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing and cerebrospinal fluid SP antigen testing were 40% (35/87)and 27% (21/78),respectively.Fifty-five cases(34.4% )had one or more risk factors for purulent meningitis,113 cases(70.6% )had one or more extra-cranial infectious foci,and 18 cases(11.3% )had underlying diseases.The most common clinical symptoms were fever(147 cases,91.9% ),followed by lethargy(98 cases,61.3% )and vomiting(61 cases,38.1% ).Sixty-nine cases(43.1% )experienced intracranial complications during hospitalization,with subdural effusion and/or empyema being the most common complication[43 cases(26.9% )],followed by hydrocephalus in 24 cases(15.0% ),brain abscess in 23 cases(14.4% ),and cerebral hemorrhage in 8 cases(5.0% ).Subdural effusion and/or empyema and hydrocephalus mainly occurred in children under 1 year old,with rates of 91% (39/43)and 83% (20/24),respectively.SP strains exhibited complete sensitivity to vancomycin(100% ,75/75),linezolid(100% ,56/56),and meropenem(100% ,6/6).High sensitivity rates were also observed for levofloxacin(81% ,22/27),moxifloxacin(82% ,14/17),rifampicin(96% ,25/26),and chloramphenicol(91% ,21/23).However,low sensitivity rates were found for penicillin(16% ,11/68)and clindamycin(6% ,1/17),and SP strains were completely resistant to erythromycin(100% ,31/31).The rates of discharge with cure and improvement were 22.5% (36/160)and 66.2% (106/160),respectively,while 18 cases(11.3% )had adverse outcomes.Conclusions Pediatric PM is more common in children aged 3 months to under 3 years.Intracranial complications are more frequently observed in children under 1 year old.Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of PM,and subdural effusion/emphysema and hydrocephalus are the most frequent complications.Non-culture detection methods for cerebrospinal fluid can improve pathogen detection rates.Adverse outcomes can be noted in more than 10% of PM cases.SP strains are high sensitivity to vancomycin,linezolid,meropenem,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin,rifampicin,and chloramphenicol.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(2):131-138]