Marine fungi are important members of the marine microbiome, which have been paid growing attention by scientists in recent years. The secondary metabolites of marine fungi have been reported to contain rich and diverse compounds with novel structures (Chen et al., 2019). Aspergillus terreus, the higher level marine fungus of the Aspergillus genus (family of Trichocomaceae, order of Eurotiales, class of Eurotiomycetes, phylum of Ascomycota), is widely distributed in both sea and land. In our previous study, the coral-derived A. terreus strain C23-3 exhibited potential in producing other biologically active (with antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and anti-inflammatory activity) compounds like arylbutyrolactones, territrems, and isoflavones, and high sensitivity to the chemical regulation of secondary metabolism (Yang et al., 2019, 2020; Nie et al., 2020; Ma et al., 2021). Moreover, we have isolated two different benzaldehydes, including a benzaldehyde with a novel structure, from A. terreus C23-3 which was derived from Pectinia paeonia of Xuwen, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, China.
Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism* ; Animals ; Anthozoa/microbiology* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology* ; Aspergillus/chemistry* ; Benzaldehydes/pharmacology* ; Mice ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Signal Transduction

To unravel the genetic mechanisms of disease and physiological traits, it requires comprehensive sequencing analysis of large sample size in Chinese populations. Here, we report the primary results of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Precision Medicine Initiative (CASPMI) project launched by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, including the de novo assembly of a northern Han reference genome (NH1.0) and whole genome analyses of 597 healthy people coming from most areas in China. Given the two existing reference genomes for Han Chinese (YH and HX1) were both from the south, we constructed NH1.0, a new reference genome from a northern individual, by combining the sequencing strategies of PacBio, 10× Genomics, and Bionano mapping. Using this integrated approach, we obtained an N50 scaffold size of 46.63 Mb for the NH1.0 genome and performed a comparative genome analysis of NH1.0 with YH and HX1. In order to generate a genomic variation map of Chinese populations, we performed the whole-genome sequencing of 597 participants and identified 24.85 million (M) single nucleotide variants (SNVs), 3.85 M small indels, and 106,382 structural variations. In the association analysis with collected phenotypes, we found that the T allele of rs1549293 in KAT8 significantly correlated with the waist circumference in northern Han males. Moreover, significant genetic diversity in MTHFR, TCN2, FADS1, and FADS2, which associate with circulating folate, vitamin B12, or lipid metabolism, was observed between northerners and southerners. Especially, for the homocysteine-increasing allele of rs1801133 (MTHFR 677T), we hypothesize that there exists a "comfort" zone for a high frequency of 677T between latitudes of 35-45 degree North. Taken together, our results provide a high-quality northern Han reference genome and novel population-specific data sets of genetic variants for use in the personalized and precision medicine.

Chongqing Medical University established respiratory system course group and implemented "organ-systems-based curriculum" (OSBC) integration teaching reform.OSBC teaching of respiratory system broke the traditional disciplinary-centred teaching pattern,adopted the disease-centred and clinicaloriented teaching curriculum.The course group carried on the comprehensive reorganization to the curriculum contents and the teaching personnel,compiled integrated teaching materials,optimized teaching methods and evaluation system.OSBC teaching of respiratory system has so far made some achievements,but the integration of different disciplines,the teaching ability of teachers and the students' coordination with OSBC courses still need to be further improved.

To explore the safety and efficacy of left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion under the guidance of local anesthesia and modified transseptal puncture technology by coronary sinus assisted positioning in patients with nonvavular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Methods: A total of 16 NVAF patients received local anesthesia and percutaneous LAmbre or Amplatzer cardiac plug occluder implantation. There were 12 males and the patients mean age was at (71.0±6.0) years with CHA2DS2-VASc score at (4.1±1.5); all patients had walfarin contradiction or with walfarin related side effect. Transseptal puncture was conducted by coronary sinus catheter as the anatomic location marker. Results: All 16 patients finished transseptal puncture and no relevant complication occurred. 15/16 (93.8%) patients had successful LAA occlusion, 1 patient was abandoned because of LAA anatomic structure variation. The mean operative time was (65.0±23.0) min and the mean X-ray exposure time was (12.0±3.0) min. The mean diameter of occluder was (32.5±6.0)mm. Conclusion: LAA occlusion was safe and effective with local anesthesia and modified transseptal puncture technology by coronary sinus assisted positioning in relevant patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of biliary stent loaded with 125I seeds in treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma with malignant obstructive jaundice.Methods Totally 43 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice caused by cholangiocarcinoma were included.All the patients underwent percutaneous transhepatic puncture of the left and right side branch of the bile duct.In the hilar stenosis,the biliary stent with 125I seeds were implanted,and the biliary drainage tube had been kept in 3 to 5 days after procedures.The drainage tube was removed and the puncture road was closed after the patency of stents were confirmed by cholangiography.The changes of liver function before and after procedures were recorded,and the survival time was observed.Results Five biliary stents loaded with 125I seeds were implanted in type I (n=5),36 in type Ⅱ (n=18),8 in type Ⅲ (n=4) and 25 in type Ⅳ (n=16).The serum total bilirubin and direct bilirubin of patients before procedures were (145.54 ± 65.35) μmol/L and (124.73 ± 35.04) μmol/L,respectively,and (65.91±29.43)μmol/L and (35.50±15.12)μmol/L respectively after procedures.Compared with preoperative,the total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,C-reactive protein and gamma glutamic transaminase decreased significantly (all P＜0.05).The lactate dehydrogenase had no significant difference before and after operation (P=1.050).The median survival time was 13 months (3.0 to 22.5 months).The serious complications such as biliary puncture,pancreatitis,severe biliary tract infection or biliary bleeding were not occurred.Conclusion Biliary stent loaded with 125 I seeds is an effective therapy to alleviate symptoms of jaundice and prolong the survival time of patients with malignant obstructive jaundice caused by hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) against acute liver injury and related mechanisms.Methods HL-7702 cells were divided into normal control group,carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury group,ALR+CCl4 intervention group,3-methyladerine (3-MA)+CCl4 intervention group,and ALR+3-MA+CCl4 intervention group.The ALR+CCl4 and ALR+3-MA+CCl4 intervention groups were transfected with ALR plasmids at 8 hours before CCl4 treatment.All groups except the normal control group were treated with CC14,and 30 minutes later,the 3-MA+CC14 and ALR+3-MA+CCl4 intervention groups were treated with 3-MA.The cells were collected at 24 hours after CCl4 treatment.The HL-7702 cells and supematant were collected to measure the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (IU/L).Westem blot was used to measure the levels ofALR,cyclin D,cyclin E,proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA),autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7),and autophagy genes LC3,p62,and Beclin-1.Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression ofALR.A oneway analysis of variance was used for comparison of means between any two groups.Results The ALR+CCl4 intervention group had significant increases in the protein and mRNA expression of ALR compared with the acute liver injury group (both P ＜ 0.05).The CC14-induced acute liver injury group had significant increases in the protein and mRNA expression of ALR compared with the normal control group (both P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the CCl4-induced acute liver injury group,the ALR+CCl4 intervention group had significant reductions in ALT (0.73±0.17 IU/L vs 1.43±0.38 IU/L,P ＜ 0.05) and AST (19.85±1.83 IU/L vs 56.73±6.25 IU/L,P ＜ 0.05) in supematant,significantly increased expression of cyclin D,cyclin E,PCNA,LC3,Atg7,and Beclin-1 in hepatocytes,and significantly reduced expression of p62,which suggested that ALR protected the liver against acute liver injury,promoted the regeneration of hepatocytes,and enhanced the autophagy of hepatocytes.The ALR+3-MA+CCl4 intervention group had a significant reduction in the expression of regeneration-associated proteins compared with the ALR+CCl4 intervention group,while there was no significant difference between the ALR+3-MA+CCL4 intervention group and 3-MA+CCL4 intervention group,which suggested that after the inhibition of autophagy,there were significant reductions in the regeneration of hepatocytes and liver regeneration promoted by ALR.Conclusion ALR can promote the regeneration of hepatocytes in liver parenchyma,which is achieved by the regulation of autophagy.