Objective To investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of G-protein-coupled receptor 39(GPR39)activation on neuroinflammation and brain injury after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in mice.Methods Mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)was established by intracerebral injection of autologous blood.A total of 176 male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into 8 groups:Sham group(n=42),ICH group(n=34),ICH+Vehicle group(n=32),ICH+TC-G 1008 group(n=44),ICH+GPR39 siRNA group(n=6),ICH+Scramble siRNA group(n=6),ICH+TC-G 1008+666-15 group(n=6),and ICH+TC-G 1008+Vehicle 2 group(n=6).GPR39-specific agonist TC-G 1008 was administered via oral gavage at 1 and 25 h post-ICH modeling.Additionally,GPR39 siRNA and cAMP response element binding protein(CREB)inhibitor 666-15 were intracerebroventricularly injected 24 h before induction of ICH to inhibit the expression levels of GPR39 and p-CREB.At 48 h after ICH,modified Garcia test,forelimb placement test and corner turn test were used to evaluate the short-term neurological deficits in mice.Brain water content was determined by wet/dry method.Immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect the co-localization of GPR39 in neurons and microglia in the brain tissue surrounding the hematoma,as well as the expression of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)in neurons.ELISA was employed to measure IL-1β,TNF-α and myeloperoxidase(MPO)levels in peri-hematoma tissue.TUNEL staining was performed to quantify apoptotic neurons around the hematoma.Nissl staining was utilized to evaluate neuronal damage.Western blotting was conducted to detect the expression of GPR39,p-CREB,CREB,NLRP3,Cleaved caspase-1(C-caspase-1),and gasdermin-D protein(GSDMD)in peri-hematoma brain tissue.Results GPR39 expression peaked at 48 h post-ICH in mice(P＜0.05),and it was expressed in both neurons and microglia.Activation of GPR39 by TC-G 1008(24 mg/kg)significantly improved the modified Garcia score,and increased success rate of left forelimb placement and the number of left turns(P＜0.05).Brain edema in the ipsilateral basal ganglia(BG)and cortex(CX)was significantly reduced(P＜0.05).The numbers of apoptotic and damaged neurons around the hematoma were obviously decreased(P＜0.05).The expression of pyroptosis-related molecules,including NLRP3,C-caspase-1 and GSDMD and the levels of inflammation-related factors,including IL-1β,TNF-α and MPO were notably decreased(P＜0.05).However,knockdown of GPR39 and downregulation of p-CREB expression significantly increased the expression of pyroptosis related molecules and inflammatory-related factors in peri-hematoma brain tissue post-ICH in mice(P＜0.05).Conclusion GPR39 activation may inhibit neuroinflammation and brain injury after ICH in mice partly through the CREB signaling pathway.Therefore,GPR39 may be a potential therapeutic target for mitigating neuroinflammation and brain damage after ICH.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii combined with ursodeoxycholic acid in the treating rectal ulcerative colitis (UC) and its influence on intestinal mucosal barrier function. Methods A total of 88 patients with rectal UC were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 44 cases in each group. The scores of main symptoms (abdominal pain, diarrhea, purulent stool), score of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ), levels of inflammatory factor indicators [interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] and levels of intestinal mucosal barrier function indicators [the ratio of urinary lactolic acid to mannitol (L/M), serum D-lactic acid (D-LA), serum diamine oxidase (DAO), and serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The incidence of adverse reactions were compared between two groups. Results After treatment, the scores of abdominal pain, diarrhea and purulent stool in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, while the IBDQ score was significantly higher than that before treatment, and the scores of abdominal pain, diarrhea and purulent stool in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while the IBDQ score was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum D-LA, DAO, LPS and urinary L/M in both groups reduced significantly, and the levels of these indicators in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in both groups reduced significantly, and the levels of these indicators in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The total effective rate inthe observation group was 86.36%, which was significantly higher than 68.18% in the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in incidence rates of adverse reactions such as lower abdominal pain, allergies and refractory constipation between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Saccharomyces boulardii combined with ursodeoxycholic acid is effective in the treatment of patients with rectal UC, which can effectively improve symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea and purulent stool, inhibit the inflammatory response of the body, and alleviate damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of robot-assisted percutaneous screw implantation and free-hand open screw implantation by Wiltse approach in the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed to analyze the clinical data of 71 patients with thoracolumbar fracture admitted to Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from May 2018 to May 2020. There were 52 males and 19 females, with age range of 22-54 years［(41.0±7.8)years］. Of all, 33 patients were treated with robot-assisted percutaneous screw implantation (Group A) and 38 patients were treated with free-hand open screw implantation by Wiltse approach (Group B). Following parameters were measured, including frequency of radiation exposure, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, incidence of complications, rate of fracture healing at 3 months and 6 months postoperatively, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) at 3 days, 3 months, 6 months postoperatively and at the last follow-up, anterior vertebral body height ratio and sagittal Cobb angle preoperatively, at 3 days postoperatively and at the last follow-up, and rate of screw implantation of grade A and B and rate of facet joint violation at 3 days postoperatively.Results:All patients were followed up for 10-24 months［(15.2±4.4)months］. Frequency of radiation exposure and operation time showed no statistical differences between the two groups (both P>0.05). Intraoperative blood loss was 100(100, 135)ml in Group A, less than 160(120, 200)ml in Group B ( P<0.01). Length of hospital stay was 8(7, 11) days in Group A, shorter than 12(10, 16)days in Group B ( P<0.01). There were no complications such as infection, spinal nerve injury or cerebrospinal fluid leakage in both group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the rate of fracture healing at 3 and 6 months postoperatively (all P>0.05). VAS and ODI in Group A was 3(2, 4)points and 21(18, 23)points at 3 days postoperatively, lower than 4 (3, 5)points and 27(20, 32)points in Group B ( P<0.05 or 0.01), and the two groups showed no significant differences in VAS and ODI at other time points (all P>0.05). There were no significant difference in the anterior vertebral body height ratio or sagittal Cobb angle between the two groups at 3 days postoperatively and at the last follow-up (all P>0.05). Rate of screw implantation of grade A and B was 96.5% (191/198) in Group A, higher than 90.4% (206/228) in Group B ( P<0.05). Rate of facet joint violation was 4.0%(8/198) in Group A, lower than 11.8% (27/228) in Group B ( P<0.01). Conclusion:For thoracolumbar fracture, robot-assisted percutaneous screw implantation is superior to free-hand open screw implantation by Wiltse approach in terms of less bleeding, shorter hospitalization, earlier pain alleviation, higher accuracy of screw implantation and lower risk of facet joint violation.

Objective:To evaluate the application value of serum neuron-specific enolase(NSE) in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma in children.Methods:The clinical data of 98 children with neuroblastoma admitted to Children's Hospital of Shanxi Province from January 2010 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed(study group), and 40 healthy children with physical examination during the same period were selected as control group.The serum NSE levels were detected in the study group at the time of diagnosis and after treatment, and in the control group at the time of physical examination, to evaluate the effectiveness of NSE level changes in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma in children.Results:The serum NSE level in the study group[(98.61±10.42)μg/L] was higher than that in the control group[(15.31±1.16)μg/L]( t=50.325, P<0.05). At the time of diagnosis, the serum NSE levels of stage II, III and IV were (31.56±12.82)μg/L, (78.65±20.1)μg/L and (127.45±32.48)μg/L, respectively, showed an increasing trend( F=111.556, P=0.000). The serum NSE level of the study group after treatment[(62.48±7.46)μg/L] was lower than that before treatment[(98.61±10.42)μg/L]( t=27.910, P<0.05), and the serum NSE levels of children at different stages were lower than those before treatment(all P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn with serum NSE as the variable, showed the area under the curve of 0.815, the Yoden index of 0.534, the sensitivity of 71.43%, and the specificity of 90.82%. Conclusion:Serum NSE detection plays an important role in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma in children, and is conducive to the judgment of the severity of the disease, the treatment effect, with high diagnostic performance.It is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To evaluate laparoscopic appendicostomy in Malone antegrade continence enema (MACE).Methods 25 children with fecal incontinence undergoing MACE were divided into by laparoscopic technique (14 cases) and by laparotomy (11 patients).Results The operation time [(38.3 ±2.5) min vs.(60.5 ±3.6) min,t =13.7,P =0.00] was shorter in the laparoscopy group.All patients were followed up for 6 months to 3 years.No intestinal obstruction,fecal leakage in stoma and anal fecal incontinence or soiling happened.In laparoscopy group,the stomal stricture developed in 1 patient.The mucosa prolapse developed in 2 patients.In the laparotomy group,the stomal stricture developed in 2 patients.The mucosa prolapse in 1 patient.The symptom severity scoring for constipation and fecal incontinence after operation decreased in the laparoscopy group (12.1 ± 1.4 vs.33.7 ± 1.5,t =28.4,P =0.00),laparotomy group (12.5 ± 1.6 vs.33.3 ± 1.7,t =25.36,P =0.00).While the irrigation volume [(607±151) mlvs.(594±161) ml,t=0.17,P=0.87],MACE scoring (22.1 ±1.4vs.22.0±1.7,t =0.18,P =0.86) and symptom severity scoring for constipation and fecal incontinence (12.1 ± 1.4 vs.12.5 ± 1.6,t =0.46,P =0.65) were not statistically different.Conclusions The laparoscopic technique can make the MACE easier to operate and less traumatic.

OBJECTIVETo explore the value of ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in designing the indication, treatment protocol and operational skills for patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) near the liver surface.

METHODSSixty-one HCC patients with 69 lesions, confirmed by clinical examination and pathology, underwent percutaneous radiofrequency ablation. The study included 40 cases of liver function Child-Pugh grade A and 21 cases of grade B. The average size of tumors was (3.8 ± 1.2) cm, tumor diameter ≥ 4 cm accounted for 39.1% (27/69 lesions), and the average age was 58.2 years (range, 35-76 years). Taking comprehensive measures, such as intraperitoneal injection of saline adjacent to the tumor before RFA, increasing the puncture sites on the surface of tumor to avoid overlapping of the central portion of tumor, repeated ablation of the needle track to reduce needle tract metastasis, avoid vertical puncture, and other additional measures, to improve the inactivation of tumors adjacent to the liver surface. Enhanced CT/MRI was performed to evaluate the curative effect at 1, 3, 6 and 24 months after the treatment.

RESULTSThe inactivation rate of tumor was 98.6% (68/69 lesions) and local recurrence rate was 5.8%(4/69) after RFA. The tumor-related marker AFP was 1 000-1 500 ng/ml before and reduced to (98.5 ± 42.5) ng/ml after radiofrequency ablation, among them returned to normal in 13 cases (21.3%). Since the ablation area was rather small, the level of serum alanine aminotransferase was elevated only to (148.5 ± 38.5) U/ml at one week after RFA and returned to normal at (1.8 ± 0.6) week after RFA. No patient experienced severe liver dysfunction. The local HCC recurrent rate after RFA was 5.8%(4/69 lesions) and intrahepatic heterotopic recurrence rate was 24.6% (15/61). The 20-61 months follow-up showed that the 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rate was 83.6%, 57.3% and 44.2%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSUltrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation provides an effective minimally invasive treatment for primary HCC near the liver surface. Taking some additional measures such as intraperitoneal injection of saline, increase of percutaneous puncture sites, and avoiding vertical needle puncture, may reduce complications and improve the therapeutic outcome. RFA is one of effective and minimally invasive treatment and causing less liver damage for primary HCC near the liver surface.

Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood ; pathology ; surgery ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome ; Tumor Burden ; Ultrasonography, Interventional

Objective To summarize the characteristics of low echo lesions by ultrasound findings in fat-ty liver,using real -time contrast -enhanced ultrasonography ( CEUS) for differential diagnosis .Methods The study was examed in 128 cases low echo lesions of fatty liver by using CEUS ,the malignant and the highly suspec-ted malignant and part of the benign lesions (in all the 52 cases)were punctured by ultrasound guided biopsy ,the rest of the 76 cases was confirmed benign by clinical comprehensive diagnosis ,were compared to the characteris-tics about ultrasound and contrast -enhanced ultrasound image and reviewed regular follow -up.We calculated the sensitivity,specificity,youden index and the area under the ROC curve by contrast -enhanced ultrasonography and ultrasound and apply for Kappa test for reliability analysis to contrast -enhanced ultrasonography and ultra-sound.Results There were 23 malignant lesions and 105 benign lesions in total of 128 patients.The sensitivity, specificity,youden index and the area under the ROC curve by contrast -enhanced ultrasonography and ultra-sound were 95.65%,98.10%,93.75% and 87.00%,91.43%,84.43%respectively.Compared contrast -en-hanced ultrasound examination diagnosis of low echo lesions in fatty liver with the clinical diagnosis performed good reliability(Kappa=0.922,P=0.045).Conclusion We should pay attention to low echo lesions in the fatty liver.contrast-enhanced ultrasound can effectively identify low echo lesions in the fatty liver ,and identify benign and malignant lesions in the liver ,and improve obviously the accuracy of diagnosis ,and reduce the misdi-agnosis rate.

OBJECTIVE To validate the anticancer effect of Angong Niuhuang pill (AGNH) and pinpoint associated molecular mechanisms using human cancer cells.METHODS Human MGC-803 gastric carcinoma and human BEL-7402 hepatocarcinoma cells were incubated with AGNH 9,30,90,300 and 900 mg·L-1 for 24,48and 72 h,respectively.Cell viability was detected with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -5-( 3-carboxymethoxyphe-nyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay and colony formation assay.Apoptosis was measured with flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258/PI staining.Change in mitochondrial membrane potential (△qψ) was detected by spectrofluorophotometer.RESULTS AGNH inhibited MGC-803 cell proliferation ( for 48 h,r =0.996,P =0.002; for72 h,r=0.756,P=0.024 ) and BEL-7402 cells (for 48 h,r =0.732,P=0.030; for72 h,r=0.702,P =0.037) in a concentration-dependent manner,as showed by MTS assay.AGNH inhibited colony formation on MGC-803 cells (r =0.914,P =0.011 ) and BEL-7402 cells (r =0.871,P =0.024) in a concentration-dependent manner for 24 h.Hoechst 33258/PI staining and flow cytometry assay showed that AGNH 900 mg·L-1 for 24 h induced apoptosis of MGC-803 and BEL-7402 cells,and the apoptosis rate was 27.2％ and 19.7％,respectively.Compared with normal control group,AGNH 900 mg·L-1 for 3 min decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential of MGC-803 and BEL-7402 cells to 15.9％ and 15.0％ of control group.CONCLUSION AGNH inhibits proliferation of human cancer cells.Apoptosis and depolarization of mitochondrial transmembrane potential are probablly its mechanism.

Two hundreds postmenopausal women with osteopenia, aged 45-80, were randomly divided into 4 groups, and received different drug interventions. After treatment for 12 months, the lumbar spine bone mineral density(BMD)and total hip BMD in alendronate group increased significantly(3.5% and 2.6%, both P＜0.05), the lumbar spine BMD raised 2.0% in selective estrogen receptor regulator group(P＜0.05). Bone turnover indices improved in both groups(all P＜0.05). No change in BMD or bone turnover indices was found in patients treated with active vitamin D3and calcium.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis in Shanghai.Methods Five hundred postmenopausal community-dwelling women aged 45-80 years were recruited. The case-control study was performed from June 2008 to September 2008.A total number of 250 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis identified with their bone mineral density (BMD) were selected as case group, and 250 non-osteoporosis women were selected as control group. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorption (DEXA). Results Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, eduction level, occupation, years since menopause, BMI, use of calcium,historyofnon-violencefracture,fall,diabetesmellitus,chronicgastricdiseases, gastrointestinal resection and diarrhea were related to osteoporosis.Multiple logistic regression showed that age, years since menopause and nutritional status were the risk factors for osteoporosis. ConclusionsThe occurrence of osteoporosis is related with many factors in postmenopausal women in Shanghai, and women with early menopause, low BMI and older age should pay more attention to the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.