Objective To know the residues of 13 veterinary drug residues in chicken and eggs foods in some areas in Xinjiang. Methods A total of 170 chicken and egg samples were randomly selected from supermarkets and farmers' markets in seven cities in Xinjiang. Eleven quinolone antibiotics, two tetracycline antibiotics, ribavirin and metronidazole were examined for veterinary drug residues using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) . Results The overall detection rate of veterinary drug residues in eggs and chicken were 20%（18/90）and11.25%（9/80）. The overall over-standard rate were 18.89%（17/90）and 0（0/80）. Veterinary drug residues in chicken are heavier than eggs. Veterinary drugs were detected and over-standarded in all seven cities in Xinjiang monitored. Conclusion The veterinary drug contamination in chicken and eggs in Xinjiang is relatively serious. It is recommended to strengthen the standardization of production and supervision to ensure food safety.

Objective:To analyze the effect of transtracheal pressure (TTP) on the application of a speaking valve in critically ill patients after tracheostomy.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of 50 patients wearing a speaking valve after tracheostomy. Patients who had been wearing a speaking valve for 30min or more were the tolerance group, while those with less than 30min were the intolerance group. Transtracheal pressure was monitored during resting breathing, forced expiration and speaking. Linear regression models were evaluated to isolate the factors best predicting tolerance. The changes in respiratory muscle contraction before and after wearing a speaking valvs were evaluated using ultrasound. The patients′ satisfaction with wearing a speaking valve was also recorded.Results:TTP during speaking significantly predicted tolerance. The baseline values of diaphragmatic thickening fraction and physical functioning also positively predicted tolerance. Acute physiology and chronic health (APACHE II) score was a significant negative predictor. After wearing the speaking valve, the average contraction of the rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique and transverse abdominis muscles increased significantly. Both groups expressed high satisfaction with the speaking valves.Conclusions:Transtracheal pressure during speaking can help predict the tolerance for wearing a speaking valve among critically ill patients after a tracheostomy. Baseline diaphragmatic thickening fraction, physical functioning and APACHE II score can predict the duration of speaking valve tolerance.

Objective:To explore the critical issues in the construction of management and supporting system of Investigator-Initiated trials (IIT) in pediatrics.Methods:Through summarizing related literature and considering the current status of pediatric clinical research, the critical issues in the construction of management and support system, for instance, the responsibility, training model, and performance evaluation in Europe and U. S. were evaluated, decision-making suggestions were put forward based on domestic pediatric IIT management system.Results:Besides IIT, clinical trials on children′s drugs are also supported by the pediatric clinical research management system in Europe and U. S.. The supporting service covers research consultation, ethical review, research design, trial implementation, patient education, risk control, and investigator training. The organizational structure and management system are relatively mature. Clinical trials are the majority of clinical research in children′s hospitals in China. Main issues identified in the construction of the management and supporting system include ethical review for pediatric clinical research, professional investigator training, multicenter cooperation scheme, performance assessment, and incentive strategies.Conclusions:Taking account into the current status of pediatric IIT in China, it is urgent to accelerate the training of pediatric investigators, set up standard IIT project management team, build the professional project management platform and Electronic Data Capture System, and promote the transformation of research outcomes. Finally, the whole process management of pediatric IIT will be developed to facilitate the development of pediatric medicine.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of allergic and infectious diseases in children， and to assess the influence of indoor and outdoor environmental factors on these two common diseases in children. Methods A questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of allergic and infectious diseases in 140 children of 7 years old in Laizhou Bay， Shandong Province. Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between indoor and outdoor environmental factors and children’s allergic and infectious diseases， respectively. Results The prevalence of previous eczema and other allergic diseases for the past year in children was 37.9% and 15.0%， respectively， and the prevalence of infectious diseases for the past year was 35.7%. As for allergic diseases， eye irritation due to outdoor air （ OR =2.977； 95% CI ： 1.407‒6.296） and nose irritation due to outdoor air （ OR =5.147； 95% CI ： 1.272‒20.827） were the risk factors for previous eczema in children. Indoor musty taste increased the risks of urticaria （ OR =4.306； 95% CI ： 1.062‒17.454） and previous eczema （ OR =3.853； 95% CI ： 1.080‒13.743）. The use of cockroach killers indoors increased the risk of rhinitis （ OR =6.102； 95% CI ：1.297‒28.697）. As for infectious diseases， having outdoor pollution sources increased the risk of gastrointestinal infection （ OR =4.937； 95% CI ： 1.050‒23.216）， and the use of mosquito coils and clothing mothproofing agents increased the risks of respiratory （ OR =6.333； 95% CI ： 1.397‒28.714） and gastrointestinal infections （ OR =3.218； 95% CI ： 1.074‒9.644）， respectively. However， we did not find associations between indoor passive smoking and allergic or infectious diseases. Conclusion Except outdoor passive smoking， all the other indoor and outdoor environmental factors increase the risks of children’s allergies and infectious diseases.

Objective:To systematically review qualitative studies on early activity experience in ICU patients.Methods:PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Elsevier, OVID, CINAHL, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Database and China Biomedical Literature Database were searched by computer for qualitative researches on early activity experience of ICU patients. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to December 31, 2021. The quality of the literature was assessed using the Australian Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Evidence-Based Health Care Center Qualitative Research Quality Assessment Standard, and the results were integrated using the Meta integration method.Results:A total of 8 literatures were included, 37 results were extracted, grouped into 9 new categories, and integrated into 3 integrated results, which were the perception and benefit of early activity necessity, hindrance factors for early activity and desire for support system.Conclusions:Early activity plays an important role in the rehabilitation process of ICU patients, but patients currently face many obstacles in carrying out early activity. Medical staff should build an early activity pscheme for ICU patients with patient safety as the core based on clinical practice, provide effective social support for patients and improve their prognosis.

Objective:To explore the nursing effect of health education guided by trans-theoretical model combined with therapeutic communication in patients with vitiligo.Methods:A total of 120 patients with vitiligo who were admitted to Department of Dermatology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2017 to June 2020 were selected and they were divided into the study group and the control group according to simple random number table method, with 60 cases in each group. Patients in both groups received conventional treatment. The control group was given therapeutic communication, while the study group was given trans-theoretical model-guided health education combined with therapeutic communication. Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90) , Herth Hope Index (HHI) and The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) were used to investigate patients of the two groups before and after the intervention.Results:After intervention, the depression factors and anxiety factors of the SCL-90 scale in the study group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . After the intervention, the total score of the HHI scale and the score of each dimension of SF-36 scale of the study group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Health education guided by trans-theoretical model combined with therapeutic communication can effectively improve the mental state of patients with vitiligo and improve their treatment compliance, hope level and quality of life.

Monitoring neuronal activity in vivo is critical to understanding the physiological or pathological functions of the brain. Two-photon Ca imaging in vivo using a cranial window and specific neuronal labeling enables real-time, in situ, and long-term imaging of the living brain. Here, we constructed a recombinant rabies virus containing the Ca indicator GCaMP6s along with the fluorescent protein DsRed2 as a baseline reference to ensure GCaMP6s signal reliability. This functional tracer was applied to retrogradely label specific V1-thalamus circuits and detect spontaneous Ca activity in the dendrites of V1 corticothalamic neurons by in vivo two-photon Ca imaging. Notably, we were able to record single-spine spontaneous Ca activity in specific circuits. Distinct spontaneous Ca dynamics in dendrites of V1 corticothalamic neurons were found for different V1-thalamus circuits. Our method can be applied to monitor Ca dynamics in specific input circuits in vivo, and contribute to functional studies of defined neural circuits and the dissection of functional circuit connections.

Objective:To investigate the effects of oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) on cell proliferation and mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods:Tissue culture was used to isolate and 4-6 generation cultured RA-FLS cells were used for subsequent experiments. RA-FLS were stimulated for 24 hours with different con-centr-ations of human Ox-LDL, then the MTS cell proliferation and toxicity test kit were used to detect the prolifer-ation of RA-FLS. Real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to test the expression of inflamm- atory factors like interleukin (IL)-6, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and receptors like CD36 and scavenger receptor binds phosphatidylsed neoxidized lipoprotein (SR-PSOX) inRA-FLS. T test and F test were used in this study. Results:Ox-LDL (10, 25, 50 μg/ml) could obviously promote the proliferation of RA-FLS, and theabsorbance values (490 nm) were (1.04±0.15), (1.05±0.14), and (1.00±0.10), respectively, all higher than the control group (0.81±0.04) and the difference was statistically significant ( F=4.737, P<0.01). In addition, 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml Ox-LDL also promoted the expression of IL-6 mRNA ( F=14.709, P<0.01) and inhi-bited the expression of TGF-β mRNA ( F=299.074, P<0.01), but there was no obvious effect on the expression of IL-8 and TNF-α. Ox-LDL stimulation could obviously promote the expression of SR-PSOX receptor on RA-FLS ( F=68.636, P<0.01) and inhibit the expression of CD36( F=18.085, P<0.01). After the transfection of siRNA, SR-PSOX mRNA level was significantly inhibited and the mRNA expression of IL-6 was significantly decreased after Ox-LDL stimulation of RA-FLS ( t=3.875, P<0.01), while TGF-β mRNA expres-sion was not significantly changed( t=-0.193, P>0.05). Conclusion:Ox-LDL may play a role in promoting the activation of RA-FLS proliferation and the expression of IL-6 mRNA by increasing the SR-PSOX receptor of RA-FLS, suggesting that Ox-LDL is involved in the synovial inflammation of RA.

Objective:To understand the levels of Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Mn, and Se in maternal and umbilical cord blood, and to explore the transplacental transfer efficiency (TTE).Methods:From September 2010 to December 2013, a total of 773 pregnant women and their newborns (Laizhou Bay Birth Cohort) were recruited from a second grade hospital in the south bank of Laizhou Bay, Bohai, Shandong Province. According to different detection methods, the six measured elements are classified into three groups including the Hg measurement group (595 mother-newborn pairs), the Pb measurement group (534 mother-newborn pairs), and the Cd, As, Mn and Se measurement group (244 mother-newborn pairs). The demographic characteristics of pregnant women and their newborns were obtained by the questionnaire. The concentrations of elements in maternal and umbilical cord blood were detected and the TTE of each element (elemental concentration in cord blood/elemental concentration in maternal blood) was calculated. The correlation of elements between maternal and cord blood was analyzed using Spearman′s rank correlation coefficient.Results:The mean± SD of maternal age, gestational week and newborn birth weight of 773 mother-infant pairs were (28.34±4.50) years, (39.47±1.39) weeks and (3 419.47±497.39) g respectively. The median concentrations of Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Mn and As in maternal and cord blood were 31.12 and 30.02, 1.19 and 0.47, 8.05 and 6.03, 0.69 and 1.26, 100.70 and 105.55, 127.25 and 115.00 μg/L, respectively. The TTE of Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Mn, and Se was 0.98, 0.41, 0.73, 1.73, 0.96 and 0.91, respectively. Pb, Cd, Hg, Mn, and Se showed a significant positive correlation between maternal blood and cord blood, with Spearman correlation coefficients of 0.397, 0.298, 0.698, 0.555, and 0.285 (all P values<0.001). Conclusion:Each element was commonly detected in maternal blood and cord blood. The TTE of Hg was the highest.

Objective:To understand the levels of Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Mn, and Se in maternal and umbilical cord blood, and to explore the transplacental transfer efficiency (TTE).Methods:From September 2010 to December 2013, a total of 773 pregnant women and their newborns (Laizhou Bay Birth Cohort) were recruited from a second grade hospital in the south bank of Laizhou Bay, Bohai, Shandong Province. According to different detection methods, the six measured elements are classified into three groups including the Hg measurement group (595 mother-newborn pairs), the Pb measurement group (534 mother-newborn pairs), and the Cd, As, Mn and Se measurement group (244 mother-newborn pairs). The demographic characteristics of pregnant women and their newborns were obtained by the questionnaire. The concentrations of elements in maternal and umbilical cord blood were detected and the TTE of each element (elemental concentration in cord blood/elemental concentration in maternal blood) was calculated. The correlation of elements between maternal and cord blood was analyzed using Spearman′s rank correlation coefficient.Results:The mean± SD of maternal age, gestational week and newborn birth weight of 773 mother-infant pairs were (28.34±4.50) years, (39.47±1.39) weeks and (3 419.47±497.39) g respectively. The median concentrations of Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Mn and As in maternal and cord blood were 31.12 and 30.02, 1.19 and 0.47, 8.05 and 6.03, 0.69 and 1.26, 100.70 and 105.55, 127.25 and 115.00 μg/L, respectively. The TTE of Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Mn, and Se was 0.98, 0.41, 0.73, 1.73, 0.96 and 0.91, respectively. Pb, Cd, Hg, Mn, and Se showed a significant positive correlation between maternal blood and cord blood, with Spearman correlation coefficients of 0.397, 0.298, 0.698, 0.555, and 0.285 (all P values<0.001). Conclusion:Each element was commonly detected in maternal blood and cord blood. The TTE of Hg was the highest.