Objective:To explore the impact of baseline remnant cholesterol levels at a single time point and cumulative remnant cholesterol exposure on the progression trajectories of arterial stiffness.Methods:This prospective cohort study included 2 401 eligible participants from the Beijing Health Management Cohort who consecutively attended health examinations in 2010-2011, 2012-2013, and 2014-2015. The remnant cholesterol value measured in 2014-2015 served as the baseline remnant cholesterol level at a single time point. The cumulative exposure indices were calculated based on remnant cholesterol values from three health examinations from 2010 to 2015, including cumulative exposure, cumulative exposure burden, and duration of high remnant cholesterol exposure. Arterial stiffness was assessed by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). The follow-up continued until December 31, 2019, with annual check-ups. During the follow-up period, a group-based trajectory model was employed to construct the progression trajectories of baPWV. The associations between the baseline remnant cholesterol level, cumulative exposure indices of remnant cholesterol and baPWV trajectories were examined using ordinal logistic regression models, adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels.Results:The age of the 2 401 participants was 61 (54, 69) years, with 1 801 (75.01%) being male. The group-based trajectory model indicated that the best-fit model categorized the participants into three subgroups: low-rising group (1 036 individuals, 43.15%), moderate-rising group (1 137 individuals, 47.36%), and high-rising group (228 individuals, 9.50%). After adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, baseline remnant cholesterol levels at a single point ( OR=1.170, 95% CI: 1.074-1.274), cumulative remnant cholesterol exposure ( OR=1.194, 95% CI: 1.096-1.303), cumulative remnant cholesterol exposure burden ( OR=1.270, 95% CI: 1.071-1.507), and high-remnant cholesterol exposure duration (6 years: OR=1.351, 95% CI: 1.077-1.695) were significantly associated with the risk of developing a poor baPWV progression trajectory. These results remained significant after adjusting for cumulative average LDL-C levels. The association between baseline remnant cholesterol levels and baPWV progression became insignificant after adjusting for cumulative remnant cholesterol levels ( OR=1.053, 95% CI: 0.923-1.197), while the association between cumulative remnant cholesterol exposure and baPWV progression remained significant after adjusting for baseline remnant cholesterol levels ( OR=1.145, 95% CI: 1.008-1.305). Conclusions:Higher levels of baseline remnant cholesterol and cumulative remnant cholesterol are independent risk factors for the progression of arterial stiffness. These associations remain significant even after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and LDL-C levels. Furthermore, the effect of cumulative remnant cholesterol levels on the progression of arterial stiffness was stronger than the effect of baseline remnant cholesterol levels.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in premature infants and analyze the predictors of transient congenital hypothyroidism(TCH) and permanent CH (PCH).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on the preterm infants with CH born in Beijing from January 2008 to June 2018. They were screened, diagnosed and treated by the Beijing Neonatal Disease Screening Center. They were assigned into TCH and PCH groups according to the clinical prognosis. Univariate analysis and Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the predictors of PCH, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn to determine the best cut-off point.Results:A total of 2 216 892 newborns were screened, 15 382 were initially screened positive, the median time of screening was 4(4,10) d after birth, and the median time of postnatal reexamination was 30(22,42) d after birth, 14 576 newborns were reexamined, the reexamination rate was 94.8%. A total of 92 preterm infants were diagnosed with CH, of which 60 were TCH, accounting for 65.2%; 28 were PCH, accounting for 30.4%; and 4 were lost to follow-up, accounting for 4.3%. Univariate analysis showed that in the PCH group, the abnormal rate of thyroid B-ultrasound, levothyroxine (LT4) dose at 1-year old, thyrotropin (TSH) level at 2 years old, LT4 dose at 2 years old, LT4 dose and free thyroxine (FT4) level at 3 years old were higher than those in the TCH group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that abnormal B-ultrasound ( OR=12.184,95% CI 2.270~65.403), and elevated TSH level at 2 years old ( OR=2.033,95% CI 1.280~3.228),increased LT4 dose at 3 year old ( OR=21.435,95% CI 3.439~133.584) are the risk factors for PCH. The maximum area under ROC curve was 0.798 at 3 years old (95% CI 0.680~0.916), the best cut-off point was 1.3 μg/(kg·d) for the 3-year-old drug dose; followed by 2-year-old TSH level, which was 0.683 (95% CI 0.548~0.817), the best cut-off point was 4.51 μIU/ml. Conclusions:TCH accounted for a large proportion of preterm infants with CH. During the follow-up, the increased LT4 dose at 3 years old and the elevated TSH level at 2 years old were the early predictors of PCH.

Background Evidence about the association between air pollution and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is inconsistent, and limited studies have explored the relationship between gaseous pollutants and CIMT. Additionally, personal activity patterns and infiltrated ambient pollution are not comprehensively considered to estimate individual exposure to air pollutants. Objective To investigate the relationship between long-term time-weighted individual exposure to ambient pollutants [fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM₁₀), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), ozone (O₃), and carbon monoxide (CO)] and the progression of CIMT. Methods This study was performed among 554 participants in the Beijing Health Management Cohort who were free of atherosclerotic lesions on carotid artery at baseline. Daily concentrations of pollutants were predicted at both residential and work addresses based on land-use regression model. With additional consideration of personal indoor and outdoor activity patterns at both addresses and exposure to ambient pollutants from traffic transportation, individual time-weighted concentration was calculated. Indoor exposure was estimated by infiltrated ambient pollutants (based on infiltration factors and land-use regression model). Personal activity patterns included type, time, location, and frequency. Exposure to ambient pollutants from different traffic transportations was estimated by the average outdoor pollutant concentrations at both residential and work addresses combined within filtration factors and time spent on commuting. Multiple linear regression was conducted to assess the association of time-weighted individual pollutant exposure and the central position of CIMT progression. Quantile regression was applied to explore the relationship between time-weighted individual pollutant exposure and the progression of CIMT on different percentiles. Results The median value of CIMT progression was 369.49 μm·year⁻¹. PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, and O₃ were associated with CIMT progression in the multiple linear regression model. The largest effect sizes of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and SO₂ were obtained for one-year exposure (regression coefficient: 66.910, 64.077, and 191.070, respectively), and two-year exposure for O₃ (regression coefficient: 62.197). The results of quantile regression demonstrated different effect sizes for pollutants among different percentiles on CIMT progression. Significant associations between CIMT progression and PM_2.5 from P₃₀ to P₅₀, CO from P₁₀ to P₄₀, and PM₁₀ from P₃₀ to P₆₀ were observed. Two-year and three-year exposures to NO₂ (P₁₀, P₂₀ and P₄₀) were also associated with CIMT progression. The association between SO₂ and the progression of CIMT was proved on all percentiles, and larger effect sizes of one-year and two-year exposures to SO₂ (except P₉₀) were demonstrated with increasing percentiles. The upward trend for the coefficients was clearly presented from P₅₀ to P₈₀. Specifically, the coefficient of two-year exposure to SO₂ ranged from 136.583 (P₅₀) to 277.330 (P₈₀). No statistically significant association was observed between O₃ and CIMT progression on any percentile (P>0.05), and the results were inconsistent with those of the multiple linear regression. Conclusion Individual time-weighted exposures to PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, and CO have the potential to promote the progression of CIMT, and the adverse effect of ambient pollution on atherosclerotic lesion is identified.

This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 1 case of spermatic cord leiomyosarcoma admitted to the urology department of the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College. The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis was discussed with the literature review. Radical resection of the left testicle and high ligation of the left spermatic cord were performed. Postoperative pathology was spermatic cord leiomyosarcoma. Its clinical manifestations are painless masses, which are mainly confirmed by pathological examination. The treatment is mainly radical resection, and postoperative radiotherapy can improve the prognosis and reduce recurrence.

Objective To investigate effect of Hongyu Peizhen Granule on inflammatory indicators such as white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil percentage (N％), hypersensitive C reaction protein (hs-CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum procalcitonin (PCT), arterial blood lactic acid (Lac) in sepsis patients. Methods Seventy acute and critical illness patients in accordance with the diagnostic criteria of sepsis were randomly divided into two groups. The patients of two groups were all given routine western medicine treatment, the experimental group was orally or nasally given Hongyu Peizhen Granule for 7 consecutive days in addition, while the control group additionally received 1/10 dose of Hongyu Peizhen Granule as placebo. The serum levels of WBC, N％, hs-CRP, ESR, PCT and Lac in arterial blood before treatment, and at 1, 3, 7 d after treatment were measured. Results Compared with the control group, the levels of N％, hs-CRP, ESR, PCT, arterial blood Lac at 7 d in the experimental group decreased more significantly (P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion Hongyu Peizhen Granule can inhibit the inflammatory reaction of sepsis patients and improve their hyperlacticemia caused by tissue hypoxia and hypoperfusion thereby improving the prognosis of sepsis patients.

Objective To investigate effect of Hongyu Peizhen Granule on inflammatory indicators such as white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil percentage (N％), hypersensitive C reaction protein (hs-CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum procalcitonin (PCT), arterial blood lactic acid (Lac) in sepsis patients. Methods Seventy acute and critical illness patients in accordance with the diagnostic criteria of sepsis were randomly divided into two groups. The patients of two groups were all given routine western medicine treatment, the experimental group was orally or nasally given Hongyu Peizhen Granule for 7 consecutive days in addition, while the control group additionally received 1/10 dose of Hongyu Peizhen Granule as placebo. The serum levels of WBC, N％, hs-CRP, ESR, PCT and Lac in arterial blood before treatment, and at 1, 3, 7 d after treatment were measured. Results Compared with the control group, the levels of N％, hs-CRP, ESR, PCT, arterial blood Lac at 7 d in the experimental group decreased more significantly (P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion Hongyu Peizhen Granule can inhibit the inflammatory reaction of sepsis patients and improve their hyperlacticemia caused by tissue hypoxia and hypoperfusion thereby improving the prognosis of sepsis patients.

Objective To explore the possibility and value of the anterior uterocervical angle ( ACA) and cervical length for prediction of preterm birth in second trimester with the transperineal ultrasound . Methods This study retrospectively reviewed the relevant medical records of single birth primiparas undergoing prenatal ultrasonographic evaluation in Wuxi People′s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from January 2016 to December 2016 . The pregnant women were divided into preterm group and term group according to the pregnancy outcomes ( with or without preterm birth) . The ACA and cervical length of these pregnancies were measured in the second trimester ( between 22 -24 weeks gestation) with the transperineal ultrasound . Results A total of 1064 pregnant women were enrolled in the study ,with 84 cases in preterm group ( 78 .9％ ,84/1064) and 980 cases in term group ( 92 .11％ ,980/1064) . Age of women in the two groups had no statistics difference( P =0 .86) . The mean ACA and cervical length of preterm group were ( 112 .48 ± 15 .83)° and ( 30 .94 ± 6 .32) mm ,and the mean ACA and cervical length of term group were (103 .52 ± 13 .78)° and (37 .28 ± 6 .74)mm ,there were statistically difference( P <0 .05) . The area under ROC curve of the ACA was 0 .882 ,of the cervical length was 0 .664 ,the corresponding cutoff value were 113°and 27 mm ,respectively . The sensitivity of the ACA and cervical length in predicting preterm birth were 86 .90％ and 71 .43％ ,the specificity were 75 .00％ and 62 .14％ ,the accuracy were 75 .94％ and 62 .66％ ,respectively . Conclusions The ACA is an objective and effective indicator to predict preterm birth in the second trimester with transperineal ultrasound . The diagnostic value of measuring the ACA is better than that of measuring the cervical length in the same period .

Objective To investigate the epidemiologic characteristics and risk factors for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in Beijing between the years 1989 and 2014.Methods Information on neonatal screening,and diagnoses and treatment of CH from 1989 to 2014 were obtained from the database of the Beijing Neonatal Screening Center.The screening parameter was thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin;TSH),which was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) from 1989 to 1995,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from 1996 to 2003,and time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (DELFIA(R))from 2004 to 2014.The cutoff value of each screening method was set as the international standard for the corresponding years (20 mIU/L from 1989 to 1995 and 10 mIU/L from 1996 to 2014).CH was diagnosed using "The Technical Specification of Diagnosis and Treatment of Phenylketonuria and Congenital Hypothyroidism",published in 2010 by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China.Data on live birth infants were obtained from Beijing obstetric quality reports.The incidence of CH using different screening methods was compared,and trends in annual incidence were analyzed.To exclude the influence of different screening methods,data from the years 2004 to 2014 were used to identify the risk factors for CH.Results Between 1989 and 2014,the incidence of CH in Beijing was 36.7 per 100 000 individuals,with permanent CH (PCH) and transient CH (TCH) having incidences of 16.4 per 100 000 and 15.9 per 100 000,respectively.The annual incidence of CH increased from 11.2 per 100 000 in 1989 to 51.0 per 100 000 in 2014 (x2119.02,P＜0.001),with PCH increasing from 5.6 to 16.0 per 100 000 (x2=34.38,P＜0.001) and TCH increasing from 5.6 to 13.0 per 100 000 (x2=26.93,P＜0.001).Among the PCH cases,70.44％ (255/362) were thyroid dysgenesis or ectopic glands,while the other 29.56％ (107/362) were dyshormonogenesis.Between 2004 and 2014,the incidence of CH in females (51.7/100 000) was higher than in males (37.0/100 000),and it was higher in post-term (334.5/100 000) and preterm births (77.8/100 000) than that in term births (41.4/100 000).It was also higher in the low birth weight (87.7/100 000) than the normal (42.4/100 000)and high birth weight (42.6/100 000) populations.Conclusions Between 1989 and 2014,there was a tendency towards an increase in the overall incidence of CH,and the incidence of both PCH and TCH in Beijing.Female sex,preterm birth,older gestational age,low birth weight,and preterm birth were risk factors affecting the incidence of CH in Beijing.

Objective To investigate the epidemiologic characteristics and risk factors for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in Beijing between the years 1989 and 2014.Methods Information on neonatal screening,and diagnoses and treatment of CH from 1989 to 2014 were obtained from the database of the Beijing Neonatal Screening Center.The screening parameter was thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin;TSH),which was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) from 1989 to 1995,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from 1996 to 2003,and time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (DELFIA(R))from 2004 to 2014.The cutoff value of each screening method was set as the international standard for the corresponding years (20 mIU/L from 1989 to 1995 and 10 mIU/L from 1996 to 2014).CH was diagnosed using "The Technical Specification of Diagnosis and Treatment of Phenylketonuria and Congenital Hypothyroidism",published in 2010 by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China.Data on live birth infants were obtained from Beijing obstetric quality reports.The incidence of CH using different screening methods was compared,and trends in annual incidence were analyzed.To exclude the influence of different screening methods,data from the years 2004 to 2014 were used to identify the risk factors for CH.Results Between 1989 and 2014,the incidence of CH in Beijing was 36.7 per 100 000 individuals,with permanent CH (PCH) and transient CH (TCH) having incidences of 16.4 per 100 000 and 15.9 per 100 000,respectively.The annual incidence of CH increased from 11.2 per 100 000 in 1989 to 51.0 per 100 000 in 2014 (x2119.02,P＜0.001),with PCH increasing from 5.6 to 16.0 per 100 000 (x2=34.38,P＜0.001) and TCH increasing from 5.6 to 13.0 per 100 000 (x2=26.93,P＜0.001).Among the PCH cases,70.44％ (255/362) were thyroid dysgenesis or ectopic glands,while the other 29.56％ (107/362) were dyshormonogenesis.Between 2004 and 2014,the incidence of CH in females (51.7/100 000) was higher than in males (37.0/100 000),and it was higher in post-term (334.5/100 000) and preterm births (77.8/100 000) than that in term births (41.4/100 000).It was also higher in the low birth weight (87.7/100 000) than the normal (42.4/100 000)and high birth weight (42.6/100 000) populations.Conclusions Between 1989 and 2014,there was a tendency towards an increase in the overall incidence of CH,and the incidence of both PCH and TCH in Beijing.Female sex,preterm birth,older gestational age,low birth weight,and preterm birth were risk factors affecting the incidence of CH in Beijing.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of treadmill running exercise of different intensity on early repair of full-thickness defects on the patellofemoral articular surface and the changes in the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in SD rats.

METHODSTwenty-four male SD rats with full-thickness defects on the patellofemoral articular surface were randomly assigned into sedentary control (SED) group and low-, moderate- and high-intensity running groups (LIR, MIR, and HIR groups, respectively). The running groups were trained on treadmill for 6 consecutive weeks. Blood samples were collected to detect serum MMP-3 and TIMP-1 levels using ELISA before and after the experiment, and the femoral trochlea were collected to assess tissue repair by gross appearance scoring and O Driscoll histological scoring with Safranine O-Fast Green staining and Toluidine blue staining.

RESULTSIn rats in SED group, the defect was filled with hyaline articular cartilage-like tissues, as compared to fibrous tissues in LIR and MIR groups and subchondral bone damage in HIR group. The SED group scored the highest and HIR group the lowest among the 4 groups in gross appearance scoring and O Driscoll histological scoring. No significant differences were found in MMP-3 or TIMP-1 levels among the groups before training (P>0.05), but after 6 weeks of training, serum MMP-3 and TIMP-1 levels differed significantly among the 4 groups (P<0.05), and all the 3 running groups had a significantly higher MMP-3 level than the control group (P<0.05). After the 6-week training, TIMP-1/MMP-3 ratio was significantly higher in SED group than in the 3 running groups, and was the lowest in HIR group.

CONCLUSIONBoth low- and moderate-intensity exercise failed to promote resurfacing of full-thickness cartilage defects on the patellofemoral articular surface in rats, and high-intensity exercise even induces subchondral bone damage. The expression of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 is related to exercise, and the TIMP-1/MMP-3 ratio reflects the extent of tissue repair.

Animals ; Cartilage, Articular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 ; metabolism ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; metabolism ; Wound Healing