This study examines inhibiting galectin 1 (Gal1) as a treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Gal1 has immunosuppressive and cancer-promoting roles. Our data showed that Gal1 was highly expressed in human and mouse HCC. The levels of Gal1 positively correlated with the stages of human HCC and negatively with survival. The roles of Gal1 in HCC were studied using overexpression (OE) or silencing using Igals1 siRNA delivered by AAV9. Prior to HCC initiation induced by RAS and AKT mutations, lgals1-OE and silencing had opposite impacts on tumor load. The treatment effect of lgals1 siRNA was further demonstrated by intersecting HCC at different time points when the tumor load had already reached 9% or even 42% of the body weight. Comparing spatial transcriptomic profiles of Gal1 silenced and OE HCC, inhibiting matrix formation and recognition of foreign antigen in CD45⁺ cell-enriched areas located at tumor-margin likely contributed to the anti-HCC effects of Gal1 silencing. Within the tumors, silencing Gal1 inhibited translational initiation, elongation, and termination. Furthermore, Gal1 silencing increased immune cells as well as expanded cytotoxic T cells within the tumor, and the anti-HCC effect of lgals1 siRNA was CD8-dependent. Overall, Gal1 silencing has a promising potential for HCC treatment.

With the implementation of the Healthy China Strategy, the value of care has become increasingly prominent. It has become an important nursing topic to strengthen the theoretical and practical research of nurse-patient communication, especially to understand the current state, and explore the essential characteristics, the influencing factors and the differences in interdisciplinary perspectives of nurse-patient communication. Through systematic analysis of 100 real clinical nurse-patient communication cases, this paper found that the problem of poor nurse-patient communication still existed widely, which is prominently manifested as the inhibition of communication willingness, the dislocation of communication topics and the lack of communication consensus. The causes of poor nurse-patient communication were nurses’ poor communication skills, negative emotional distress, the lack of humanistic literacy and insufficient energy investment in communication, as well as the patient’s fragile state, the limitation of knowledge and cultural level, and insufficient trust in nurses. The interdisciplinary perspective analysis of ethics, psychology and law is conducive to enriching and developing the theoretical basis and research methods of nurse-patient communication, and can also provide useful suggestions for improving nurse-patient communication in clinical.

Objective To evaluate the clinical use of the baseline CT angiography(CTA)quantitative score(self-designed collateral circulation quantitative,SD-CCQ)in determining the collateral circulation compensation status in patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS),as well as the reliability and accuracy of the SD-CCQ score and the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score(ASPECTS).Methods Retrospective analysis was made on the clinical and imaging data,including CT,CTA and DWI image data,of 84 patients who were admitted for acute ischemic stroke to the Department of Neurorehabilitation of Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to December 2022.Their CTA source images were annotated using a multi-task deep learning method for vascular segmentation.The ASPECTS score and SD-CCQ score were then applied to the CTA images following vascular segmentation in order to assess the collateral circulation compensation of AIS patients.The Kappa test was used to assess the consistency of the two methods used to assess collateral circulation,and the multifactorial Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between the SD-CCQ and the prognosis of the AIS patients.Results ASPECTS score had good consistency with SD-CCQ score in evaluating collateral circulation in AIS patients(κ=0.65,P＜0.001),and the diagnostic accuracy of the latter for benign collateral circulation in AIS was 96.15％.Logistic regression analysis showed that the new collateral circulation score,baseline NIHSS,and DWI infarct volume were the main factors affecting the long-term prognosis of AIS patients.Conclusion The new scoring system SD-CCQ can be used to evaluate the compensatory status of collateral circulation in AIS patients,which may help in clinical treatment decision-making and prognosis prediction.

Objective:To explore the facilitators and barriers in implementing the orthokeratology lens-wearing education guidance program from the perspectives of children, their families, and medical and nursing staff.Methods:Based on phenomenological research, purposive sampling was used to select five medical workers, 18 children wearing orthokeratology lenses and family members from the Optometry Center of Peking University Third Hospital as interviewees for semi-structured interviews. Colaizzi's 7-step method was used to analyze interview data.Results:Two themes (facilitators and barriers) were extracted, among which facilitators included two sub-themes (strong demand for educational guidance, trust in medical and nursing staff), and barriers consisted of two sub-themes (patient factors, external support factors) .Conclusions:In promoting the educational guidance intervention program for wearing orthokeratology lenses, medical and nursing staff need to fully play the role of facilitators, analyze and solve barriers, and ultimately promote the smooth implementation of the intervention program.

Objective Polymorphic microsatellite markers developed for Apodemus peninsulae can enrich its genetic data and lay a foundation for genetic quality control and gene mapping.Methods Microsatellite loci were screened based on the genome sequence of Apodemus peninsulae,and microsatellite primers were identified.The genetic diversity of the population was analyzed by multiplex PCR.Results Thirty microsatellite markers were successfully developed and evaluated using 60 samples of Apodemus peninsulae.A total of 152 alleles were detected,with an average of 5.067 alleles per locus.The average observed heterozygosity was 0.592.The average Shannon index was 1.265.The average polymorphism information content was 0.598.Conclusions Based on the microsatellite loci developed in this study,the genetic diversity of Apodemus peninsulae can be effectively analyzed,laying a foundation for establishing genetic quality standards and detection method.

Multiple sclerosis(MS)is a systemic inflammatory illness of the central nervous system that involves demyelinating lesions in the myelin-rich white matter and pathology in the grey matter.Despite signifi-cant advancements in drug research for MS,the dis-ease's complex pathophysiology makes it difficult to treat the progressive forms of the disease.In this study,we identified a natural flavonoid compound icariin(ICA)as a potent effective agent for MS in ameliorating the deterioration of symptoms including the neurological defi-cit score and the body weight in a murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE)model.These improvements were associated with decreased demyelin-ation in the corpus callosum and neuron loss in the hippo-campus and cortex confirmed by immunohistochemistry analysis.Meanwhile,it was observed that the activation of microglia in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were inhibited followed by the neuroinflammatory cytokines downregulation such as IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α after ICA treatment,which was probably attributable to the sup-pression of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation.Additionally,molecular docking also revealed the binding force of ICA to NLRP3 inflammasome protein complexes in vitro.Taken together,our findings have demonstrated that ICA,as pleiotropic agent,prevents EAE-induced MS by improving demyelination and neuron loss,which inter-feres with the neuroinflammation via microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Neuropathic pain is a chronic disease that severely afflicts the life and emotional status of patients, but currently available treatments are often ineffective. Novel therapeutic targets for the alleviation of neuropathic pain are urgently needed. Rhodojaponin VI, a grayanotoxin from Rhododendron molle, showed remarkable antinociceptive efficacy in models of neuropathic pain, but its biotargets and mechanisms are unknown. Given the reversible action of rhodojaponin VI and the narrow range over which its structure can be modified, we perforwmed thermal proteome profiling of the rat dorsal root ganglion to determine the protein target of rhodojaponin VI. N-Ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion (NSF) was confirmed as the key target of rhodojaponin VI through biological and biophysical experiments. Functional validation showed for the first time that NSF facilitated trafficking of the Cav2.2 channel to induce an increase in Ca²⁺ current intensity, whereas rhodojaponin VI reversed the effects of NSF. In conclusion, rhodojaponin VI represents a unique class of analgesic natural products targeting Cav2.2 channels via NSF.

ObjectiveTo explore the protective effect of modified Shengmaisan on cardiac function in elderly patients with myocardial infarction based on the nuclear factor-κB/induction nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide （NF-κB/iNOS/NO） signaling pathway. MethodA total of 136 elderly patients with myocardial infarction treated in Qinghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from december 2019 to december 2021 were included. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group， with 68 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional western medicine， and the observation group was treated with conventional western medicine + modified Shengmaisan. Both groups were treated with percutaneous coronary intervention for revascularization. The indexes related to cardiac function and levels of serum interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） were analyzed and compared between the two groups. The echocardiographic index， cardiac function classification， changes in the NF-κB/iNOS/NO signaling pathway， oxidative stress indexes， and major adverse cardiovascular events （MACE） of the two groups were compared. ResultCompared with those before treatment， the levels of N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide （NT-pro BNP）， serum inflammatory indexes， left ventricular end systolic volume （LVESV）， left ventricular end diastolic volume （LVEDV）， NO， iNOS， NF-κB p65， and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde （MDA） were significantly reduced （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and the left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） and superoxide dismutase (SOD） were significantly increased （P<0.05）. After treatment， as compared with the control group， the levels of NT-pro BNP， serum inflammatory indexes， LVESV， LVEDV， NO， iNOS， NF-κB p65， and MDA in the observation group were significantly reduced （P<0.05）， and those of LVEF and SOD were significantly increased （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac function classification between two groups. The incidence of MACE in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group （P<0.05）. ConclusionModified Shengmaisan can significantly reduce NT-pro BNP and levels of serum inflammatory indexes in elderly patients with myocardial infarction， improve echocardiographic indexes， regulate the NF-κB/iNOS/NO signaling pathway， and reduce the oxidative stress index and the incidence of MACE， which has a good protective effect on cardiac function.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect between drug donation model and national drug negotiated model on drug sales，and to provide reference for pharmaceutical enterprises to optimize their business strategies . METHODS Based on medical insurance statistics and settlement data of city A in Jiangsu province from 2013 to 2018，trastuzumab was selected as the representative drug . The sales and utilization of trastuzumab were compared during the implementation of the two models . At the same time ，the changes of medication behavior of some patients were analyzed . RESULTS After the implementation of drug donation model ，sales volume and turnover of trastuzumab increase by 193.87% and 155.71% in that year compared with the previous year ，and then the growth trend became stable ；after including the national negotiated drug list ，the number of users of trastuzumab in the year increased by 87.68% compared with the previous year ，and the sales volume increased by 48.06%；turnover increased by 22.81% even though the unit price decreased significantly . Both models could improve drug sales ，and the results of multiple linear regression also proved that different models had a significant impact on the consumption sum of trastuzumab in patients. CONCLUSIONS Under the condition that the unit price level of drugs is approximately the same ，both drug donation model and national drug negotiated model can increase the sales volume and expand the coverage of drugs . The latter reduces the drug threshold of patients ，and plays a positive role in improving the drug accessibility of patients and the sales and development of enterprises.

OBJECTIVE To prov ide reference for improving the participation mechanism of stakeholders in the process of medical insurance negotiation for oncology drug in China. METHODS Based on the stakeholder theory ，combined with literature research，case analysis （taking the review of reimbursement of Bentuximab as an example ）and other methods ，analysis and research were conducted on the Canadian oncology drug review process and the participation mechanism and role of stakeholders. The suggestions were put forward for our country. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Canadian oncology drug reimbursement review process was composed of four stages ：the pre-submission planning stage ，the formal submission stage of application，the review stage，and the stage of forming reimbursement recommendations. As the role of stakeholders ，drug manufacturers ，patient representative advisory group ， clinical review expert advisory groups and provincial advisory groups participated in the reimbursement review process of oncology drug by providing suggestions and feedback to CADTH. The participation of stakeholders had improved the transparency of the review of oncology drugs in Canada and made the reimbursement results of oncology drugs more scientific ，reasonable and accurate. In China ，it is recommended to define rights ，responsibilities and interests as well as the participation mechanism of stakeholders in the medical insurance negotiation process ，attach importance to the role of patients in the medical insurance negotiation process of oncology drug ，improve information disclosure and increase the transparency of the negotiation mechanism and process so as to increase the participation of stakeholders.