BACKGROUND:In recent years,with the rapid development of biomedicine,the study of brain aging and exosomes has attracted more and more attention,but there is no bibliometrics analysis in this field. OBJECTIVE:To objectively analyze domestic and foreign literature on brain aging and exosomes in the past 15 years,to summarize the research status,hot spots,and development trends in this field. METHODS:Using the core database of Web of Science as a search platform,we downloaded the literature on brain aging and exosomes published from the establishment of the database to December 28,2022,and analyzed the data from the aspects of country or region,institution,author,keywords,and co-cited literature using CiteSpace 6.1.R6 visualization software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 1 045 research articles were included,and the number of publications on brain aging and exosomes research both domestically and internationally was showing an increasing trend year by year.The United States ranked first with 429 papers,and China ranked second with 277 papers.Louisiana State University ranked first with 16 articles.Professor Lukiw Walter J from Louisiana State University in the United States was the author with the highest number of publications,and Professor Bartel DP from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was the author with the most citations.The most prolific Journal was the International Journal of Molecular Sciences.Alzheimer's disease,microRNA,gene expression,extracellular vesicles,exosomes,oxidative stress,and biomarkers are the most relevant terms.According to the research on hot topics,biomarkers have become a new research hotspot.The above results indicate that the research on brain aging and exosomes has gradually increased in the past 15 years.The research direction has gradually shifted from the initial exploration of the expression of miRNAs in central nervous system diseases related to brain aging to the search for biomarkers that can identify and diagnose neurodegenerative diseases.The study of exocrine miRNAs to protect central nervous system from damage has emerged as promising therapeutic strategy.

Objective: To compare and analyze the antibacterial effects of platelets against five common clinical pathogenic bacteria including MRSA, SE, SA, E. coli, and CRKP, and to preliminarily explore the role of DCD sensitivity in the observed variations of antibacterial effects. Methods: The same number of platelets were used to establish co-culture systems of platelets and platelet lysates with the five pathogenic bacteria. The antibacterial effects of platelets and platelet lysates on the five pathogenic bacteria were evaluated by observing the turbidity of the bacterial solution, measuring the OD value of the bacterial solution and counting the colonies. The supernatant protein of platelets co-cultured with MRSA was collected for quantitative proteomics analysis to explore the important antibacterial proteins of platelets. The content of DCD in the supernatant after co-culture of platelets and platelet lysates with the five pathogenic bacteria was detected by ELISA to preliminarily analyze the reasons for the different antibacterial effects of platelets on the five pathogenic bacteria. Results: Compared with the control group of MRSA, SA, and SE, the turbidity of the bacterial solution decreased after co-culture of platelets and platelet lysates with MRSA, SA, and SE for 12 h, and the OD value and colony count were significantly reduced (P<0.05). The turbidity of the bacterial solution did not change significantly after co-culture of platelets and platelet lysates with E. coli for 24 h, but the OD value decreased (P<0.05), and the colony count decreased to 10 CFU/mL but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Compared with the control group of CRKP, the turbidity, OD value, and colony count of the bacterial solution did not change significantly after co-culture of platelets and platelet lysates with CRKP (P>0.05). Proteomics results showed that after co-culture with MRSA, important proteins related to platelet activation, including collagen, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, integrin αIIbβ3, platelet glycoprotein V and IV were significantly up-regulated. ELISA results showed that after co-culture with the five pathogenic bacteria, platelets could secrete a large amount of DCD, with the content around 3 μg/mL. Conclusion: The antibacterial effect of platelets on Gram-positive bacteria MRSA, SA, and SE is better than that on Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and CRKP, and platelets have the best antibacterial effect on MRSA. The differences in antibacterial effects of platelets on the five pathogenic bacteria may be related to the sensitivity of DCD antibacterial peptides to the five pathogenic bacteria.

Objective To explore the epidemic characteristics of common pneumonia pathogens in preschool children in Xining area and analyze the influencing factors of progression to severe pneumonia. Methods A total of 522 preschool children with pneumonia who were treated in our hospital from May 2021 to March 2024 were retrospectively selected as the research subjects. Sputum samples from children were taken to identify the pathogens and analyze their pathogenic epidemic characteristics.According to the diagnostic criteria in the 2019 version of ^“Standards for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children^”, determine whether it is severe pneumonia, and collect the clinical data of the children.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the progression of common pneumonia to severe pneumonia. Results Among the 522 children with pneumonia, 522 cases were infected with pathogens, of which 447 cases were single infection (85.63%), 75 cases were mixed infection (14.36%). A total of 597 pathogens were detected, including 257 viruses (43.05%), 240 bacteria (40.20%), 68 mycoplasma pneumoniae (11.39%) and 32 chlamydia pneumoniae (5.36) . The detection rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (149, 24.96%) and respiratory syncytial virus (118, 19.77%) were higher. Logistic regression results showed that length of hospital stay (OR=2.235, 95% CI: 1.552-3.439), ICU admission (OR=2.426, 95% CI: 1.769-3.881), intestinal microbiota disorder (OR=1.626, 95% CI: 1.335-2.842), multi-drug resistance (OR=2.086, 95%CI 1.417-2.905), mixed infection (OR=3.134, 95% CI : 2.217-8.857), nutritional risk (OR=2.783, 95% CI: 2.038-4.764), CRP (OR=2.589, 95% CI: 1.805-4.117), PCT (OR=1.486, 95%CI: 1.077-1.649), and white blood cells (OR=1.329, 95% CI: 1.021-1.536) were all associated with the risk of severe pneumonia (P<0.05). Conclusion The main pathogens of pneumonia in preschool children in Xining are Streptococcus pneumoniae and respiratory syncytial virus. Paying attention to the treatment of children with intestinal disorders, multiple infections, and malnutrition is of great significance to improve the progression of pneumonia.

Selection markers are essential tools in gene editing, the utility of such systems is inherently constrained by species-specific limitations, governed by divergent host genetic backgrounds and metabolic compatibility. To address this limitation, we leveraged the CRISPR/Cas9 system to develop a universal counter-selection tool. We designed and introduced an sgRNA expression cassettes as counter-selection markers, which directs the Cas9 protein to target and cleave genomic DNA, allowing for the selection of the strains where the sgRNA expression cassette has been replaced. Optimized to target multiple copy sites with sgRNA, this system significantly enhances cell lethality, boosting counter-selection efficiency to over 85.00%. This counter-selection tool is not limited to single strains and is suitable for various scenarios, including multi-copy plasmid assembly and plasmid editing, demonstrating broad application potential.
CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics* ; Gene Editing/methods* ; RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics* ; Plasmids/genetics*

Objective: To explore the effects of sleep on subsequent day physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents, so as to provide a reference for refining PA intervention strategies and further investigating their underlying mechanisms. Methods: Through searching databases including Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP cross sectional, cohort and experimental studies on sleep and subsequent day PA among children and adolescents were identified, with the searching period spanning from database inception to June, 2025. Based on the characteristics of the included literature, two sleep variables[sleep duration (SD) and sleep efficiency (SE)] and three physical activity variables[moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), and total physical activity (TPA)] were selected. The relationship between these two types of variables was analyzed for pooled effect sizes using Stata 17.0. Results: A total of 14 studies were included, with 64.3% published in 2018 or later, involving 11 361 children and adolescents from 17 countries. Meta analysis results showed that both SD ( ES=0.04, 95%CI =0.01-0.07) and SE ( ES=0.24, 95%CI =0.01-0.47) were positively correlated with subsequent day MVPA (both P <0.05). However, no statistically significant associations were found with LPA ( ES=-0.04, 95%CI =-0.13 to 0.06; ES=-0.02, 95%CI =-0.15 to 0.11) or TPA( ES=0.09, 95%CI =-0.02 to 0.20; ES=0.02, 95%CI = -0.03 to 0.06)(all P >0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that in the "≤6 years" subgroup, SD and SE were positively correlated with TPA ( ES=0.22, 95%CI =0.09-0.35) and MVPA ( ES=1.19, 95%CI =1.06-1.32), respectively; in the "6-12 years" subgroup, SD was positively correlated with MVPA ( ES=0.05, 95%CI =0.02-0.08); in the "≥12 years" subgroup, SE was positively correlated with LPA ( ES=0.08, 95%CI =0.00-0.16), while SD was negatively correlated with LPA ( ES=-0.23, 95%CI = -0.31 to -0.16) (all P <0.05). Conclusion Adequate SD and good SE can effectively enhance subsequent day MVPA among children and adolescents, although these sleep effects vary by age group.

The examinations of tear quality and volume are important indicators for the diagnosis of dry eye disease. Tests commonly used in clinical practice to diagnose dry eye disease include testing of tear volume and tear film stability to assess the severity of the condition, and analyzing and labeling of tear components under laboratory conditions to diagnose clinical staging and also to guide clinical supplementation of relevant components to target treatment. Accurate assessment of tear production and compositional changes enables clinicians to effectively monitor the severity of dry eye disease and evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic measures. With the development of optical imaging technology and artificial intelligence in recent years, the combination of clinical tear indicators and examination techniques has enabled the application of new testing methods that provide more convenient, rapid and accurate testing, greatly improving the diagnosis and treatment of dry eye disease in the clinic.

ObjectiveTo explore the influence of "Internet plus" postpartum health care service on postpartum depression, and to provide an evidence for reducing the incidence of postpartum depression and improving the quality of life for postnatal women. MethodsMothers who gave birth between August 1, 2021 and June 30, 2023 lived in the six streets of Xuhui District were selected as the research subjects. The puerperants were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group according to the order of enrollment using a numerical numbering system, with 210 cases in each of the intervention group and control group. The intervention group adopted the "Internet plus" postpartum health care services, while the control group adopted the conventional postpartum health care services. The risk factors related to postpartum mental health and the incidence of postpartum depression were compared between the two groups. ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in the scores of postpartum mental health-related risk factors between the two groups at the first 2 weeks and 1st month after delivery (t=0.736 and t=1.260, P>0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference in the scores of postpartum mental health-related risk factors at the 3rd months after delivery and 6th months after delivery (t=2.089, P<0.05; t=2.655, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in depression scores at the first 2 weeks after the birth (t=0.560, P>0.05). In the 1st month, the 3rd month and the 6th month after delivery, the intervention group adopted the "Internet plus" postpartum health care service, thus the differences in depression scores were statistically significant (t=2.616, t=2.793 and t=3.107, P<0.05). Conclusion"Internet plus" postpartum health care service is conducive to reducing postpartum depression, promoting maternal mental health, and significantly improving the well-being of postnatal women.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effectiveness and safety of Sanjie Waifu Formula （散结外敷方） application therapy for benign thyroid nodules of qi constraint and phlegm obstruction syndrome. MethodsEighty patients with benign thyroid nodules of qi constraint and phlegm obstruction syndrome were randomly divided into 40 cases each in a treatment group and a control group. The control group was given health education and follow-up observation， while the treatment group applied Sanjie Waifu Formula externally on the basis of the control group，6~8 h each time ， once a day. Both groups took 30 days as a course， and were observed for 3 consecutive courses. The main effectiveness indexes of both groups were compared before and after treatment， including the volume of thyroid nodules， the maximum diameter of the largest nodule， the scores of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome， and the secondary effectiveness indexes of serum thyroid function including free triiodothyronine （FT₃）， free thyroxine （FT₄）， thyrotropin （TSH） levels were also observed. The effectiveness of the TCM syndrome of both groups was compared after treatment. Meanwhile， the safety indexes were observed before and after treatment， such as the blood routine， liver and kidney function indexes， and the occurrence of adverse reactions during the study was recorded. ResultsCompared with in group before treatment， the volume of thyroid nodules， the maximum diameter of the largest nodule， and the TCM symptom scores were lowered in both groups after treatment （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Comparing between groups after treatment， the difference in thyroid nodule volume was not statistically significant （P＞0.05）， but the maximum diameter of the largest nodule and the TCM symptom scores of the treatment group were lower than those of the control group （P＜0.01）. The total effective rate of TCM syndrome in the treatment group was 77.50% （31/40）， which was significantly higher than that of the control group with 52.5% （21/40， P＜0.01）. Thyroid function， blood routine and liver and kidney function indexes of both groups before and after treatment were compared between and within groups， and the differences were not statistically significant （P＞0.05）， and they were all within the normal range. During the treatment period， no allergic reactions such as skin itching， red rash and blisters occurred in the treatment group. ConclusionThe external application of Sanjie Waifu Formula can improve the clinical symptoms of patients with benign thyroid nodules， reduce volume and the maximum diameter of nodules， and has no significant effects on thyroid function and show good safety.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of microRNA(miR)-155-5p on myocardial pyroptosis in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI).Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into sham group,IRI group,agomir-NC group,miR-155-5p agomir group,antagomir-NC group,and miR-155-5p antagomir group,with 10 rats in each group.Echocardiography was used to measure the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),and left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS)of rats.Enzyme-linked immune absorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),and cardiac troponin T(cTnT)in serum,as well as the levels of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,IL-18,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in myocardial tissue of rats.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe pathological changes in rat myocardial tissue.Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression levels of miR-155-5p and silent information regulator 1(SIRT1)messenger RNA(mRNA)in myocardial tissue of rats.Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the targeting relationship between miR-155-5p and SIRT1.Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of SIRT1,NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),cleaved cysteine aspartate specific proteinase-1(Cleaved Caspase-1),and gasdermin D(GSDMD)proteins in myocardial tissue of rats.Results Compared with the sham group,the LVEDD and LVESD of rats in the IRI group were increased,LVEF and LVFS were decreased,serum levels of CK-MB,LDH,and cTnT were increased,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-18 and TNF-α levels in myocardial tissue were increased,myocardial tissue structure was severely damaged,myocardial fibers were disordered,relative expression of NLRP3,Cleaved Caspase-1,and GSDMD proteins were increased,and the relative expression of SIRT1 protein was decreased(all P<0.05/5).Compared with the IRI group,the rats in the miR-155-5p agomir group had increased LVEDD and LVESD,decreased LVEF and LVFS,increased serum levels of CK-MB,LDH,and cTnT,increased myocardial tissue levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-18,TNF-α,aggravated myocardial tissue lesions,increased relative expression of NLRP3,Cleaved Caspase-1,and GSDMD proteins,and decreased relative expression of SIRT1 protein,and the rats in the miR-155-5p antagomir group had decreased LVEDD and LVESD,increased LVEF and LVFS,decreased serum levels of CK-MB,LDH,and cTnT,decreased myocardial tissue levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-18,TNF-α,reduced myocardial tissue lesions,decreased relative expression of NLRP3,Cleaved Caspase-1,and GSDMD proteins,and increased relative expression of SIRT1 protein(all P<0.05/5).miR-155-5p was negatively correlated with the expression levels of SIRT1 in rat myocardial tissue,and SIRT1 was a target gene of miR-155-5p.Conclusions miR-155-5p may participate in the regulation of myocardial IRI in rats by targeting the downregulation of SIRT1 and promoting NLRP3-mediated myocardial pyroptosis.

Ferritin is widely present in various organisms and is responsible for storing excess iron to maintain iron balance in vivo.Due to its inherent targeting ability,natural cavity structure,reversible self-assembly,high biocompatibility,and easy modification,ferritin is considered to be an ideal delivery system,which is widely used in many fields.This review summarizes the biological characteristics,functionalization,drug loading strategies,research progress and application prospects of ferritin-based nanocarrier systems in biomedical fields,such as drug delivery,biocatalysis,photodynamic therapy,medical imaging and vaccine research,aiming to provide some reference for related biomedical research based on ferritin delivery systems.