Objective To investigate the role and molecular mechanisms of Exo70 in the metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. Methods Stable cell lines with Exo70 knockdown or overexpression were established using lentiviral infection. The migration ability of pancreatic cancer cells was assessed by Transwell assay. The morphology, particle size, and secretion levels of exosomes were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Changes in the expression of Exo70 and exosomal marker proteins were detected by Western blot. The localization of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) was examined by immunofluorescence. Results Exo70 knockdown inhibited the migration ability of pancreatic cancer cells and substantially reduced the total amount of exosome secretion. By contrast, Exo70 overexpression enhanced the migration ability of pancreatic cancer cells. Immunofluorescence results showed that Exo70 knockdown induced the perinuclear accumulation of CD63 and LAMP2, leading to an increase in MVB accumulation and lysosomal degradation in pancreatic cancer cells. Conclusion Exo70 promotes the normal transport of MVBs and maintains exosome secretion. Its knockdown enhances the lysosomal degradation of MVBs, resulting in impaired exosome biogenesis and secretion and thereby inhibiting the migration of pancreatic cancer cells.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza virus in severe acute respiratory tract infection (SARI) cases in Jingzhou City, so as to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of influenza prevention and control policies in Jingzhou City. MethodsSARI surveillance was carried out in two sentinel hospitals in Jingzhou City from 2018 to 2023. Respiratory tract samples were collected from cases and influenza virus nucleic acid was measured using real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ResultsA total of 2 603 SARI samples were tested from 2018 to 2023, and 338 samples were positive for influenza virus nucleic acid, with a detection rate of 12.99%. The highest positive detection rate was 20.22% in 2019, followed by 14.29% in 2022, and the lowest detection rate was 7.75% in 2020. There were significant differences for the positive detection rates of influenza in each monitoring year (χ²=30.386, P<0.001). There were epidemic peaks in the five surveillance years from 2018 to 2023 except 2020. There were winter epidemic peaks during 2018‒2019 and 2021‒2022, and an obvious summer epidemic peak was also observed from 2019 to 2022. H1N1, H3N2, B-Victoria and B-Yamagata were alternately prevalent in the six surveillance years. In 2019, H1N1, H3N2 and B-Victoria were alternately prevalent with time progress, in 2021 only B-Victoria was prevalent, and in 2022 H3N2 and B-Victoria were prevalent. There was no statistically significant difference for the positive detection rates of influenza virus between different genders (χ²=0.178, P=0.673). Among the four age groups, the positive rate of influenza virus in the age group of 15‒<25 years old was the highest (40.91%), followed by the age group of 25‒<60 years old (21.31%). There were statistically significant differences for the positive rates of influenza virus among different age groups (χ²=24.496, P<0.001). ConclusionThe surveillance of SARI cases in Jingzhou City could serve as an effective supplement to the surveillance of ILI in sentinel hospitals. It is suggested to expand the surveillance scope, strengthen public education and outreach on the prevention and control of respiratory diseases, thereby providing a scientific basis for influenza prevention and control.

Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of spraying different formulations of niclosamide ethanolamine salt with drones against Oncomelania hupensis in ditches. Methods A semi-dry and semi-wet ditch with O. hupensis snails was selected in the second branch field of Jiangbei Farm, Jiangling County, Hubei Province in May 2023, and divided into 4 experimental areas, named groups A1, A2, B1 and B2. Environmental cleaning was performed in groups A1 and B2, and was not conducted in groups A2 or B2. Then, 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt was sprayed with drones at an effective dose of 2 g/m² in groups A1 and A2, and 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granule was sprayed with drones at an effective dose of 2 g/m² in groups B1 and B2. O. hupensis snails were surveyed using the systematic sampling method 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 days after spraying, and the natural mortality and corrected mortality of O. hupensis snails were calculated. Results The occurrence of frames with living snails, mean density of living snails and natural mortality of snails were 97.50% (117/120), 6.30 snails/0.1 m² and 1.18% (9/765) in the test ditch before spraying, respectively. There were significant differences in the mortality of snails among four groups 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after spraying niclosamide formulations with drones (χ² = 17.230, 51.707, 65.184, 204.050 and 34.435, all P values < 0.01). The overall mortality rates of snails were 94.51% (1 051/1 112), 79.44% (908/1 143), 96.54% (977/1 012) and 88.55% (1 021/1 153) in groups A1, A2, B1 and B2 (χ² = 207.773, P < 0.05), respectively. In addition, there was no significant difference in the overall snail mortality between groups A1 and B1 (P > 0.05), and the snail mortality in groups A1 and B1 were both statistically different from that in groups A2 and B2 (all P values < 0.05). Conclusion Both 50% wettlable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt and 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granule sprayed with drones are active against O. hupensis snails in ditches, and environmental cleaning may improve the molluscicidal effect.

[Objective] To investigate the clinical manifestations and explore the experience of diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous perirenal urine extravasation after urinary tract obstruction so as to improve the understanding of the disease. [Methods] The clinical data of 23 patients with spontaneous perirenal urine extravasation after obstruction treated at our hospital during 2018 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, including the primary diseases, clinical manifestations, imaging examination, treatment and prognosis. The key points of diagnosis and treatment were summarized. [Results] Of the 23 patients, there were 15 males and 8 females, with an average age of 43.4 years. These cases were diagnosed by imaging tests such as ultrasound, computed tomography urography (CTU) and CT. Ureteroscopic lithotripsy was performed in 3 patients with ureteral calculi, retrograde ureteral catheterization in 4 patients and percutaneous nephrostomy in 13 patients. Afterwards, a second phase surgery was performed based on the patients' condition. Of the 3 patients with tumor metastasis who underwent retrograde ureteral catheterization, 2 operation were successful, and 1 operation failed and then converted to nephrostomy and drainage under B-ultrasound localization. [Conclusion] CTU should be performed as soon as possible to make a definite diagnosis. Treatment can be achieved with ureteral retrograde catheterization or percutaneous nephrostomy to achieve local decompression, followed by secondary surgery to treat the primary cause of obstruction.

Objective To investigate the effect of AU-rich element RNA-binding factor 1(AUF1)on the proliferation,apoptosis,and migration abilities of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cells and possible mechanisms,and to clarify the role and molecular mechanism of AUF1 in the progression of HCC.Methods The UALCAN and TCGA-HCC databases were used to analyze the expression of AUF1 in pan-cancer and investigate the association of the expression level of AUF1 with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of HCC patients.CCK-8 assay,cell apoptosis assay,and Transwell chamber assay were used to investigate the function of AUF1 at the cellular level,and RNA-seq assay was used to investigate transcriptome changes in HCC cells after AUF1 knockdown.The t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups;the Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves,and the log-rank test was used for comparison of survival rates.Results There were abnormal mRNA and protein expression levels of AUF1 in various tumor tissues compared with normal tissue(P<0.05).The mRNA expression level of AUF1 was positively correlated with the degree of HCC malignancy and the poor prognosis of early-stage HCC(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the overexpression of exogenous AUF1 in HCC cells promoted the proliferation of HCC cells and inhibited the apoptosis and migration of HCC cells,while AUF1 knockdown inhibited HCC cell proliferation and promoted the apoptosis and migration of HCC cells.The RNA-seq analysis showed that AUF1 knockdown mainly affected the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and downregulated the protein expression level of β-catenin.Conclusion The abnormal expression of AUF1 is associated with the prognosis of early-stage HCC,and AUF1 may exert an oncogenic effect by activating the Wnt signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the automated identification and diameter measurement methods for inferior vena cava (IVC) based on clinical ultrasound images of IVC. Methods An automated identification and localization method based on topology and automatic tracking algorithm was proposed. Tracking algorithm was used for identifying and continuously locating to improve the efficiency and accuracy of measurement. Tests were conducted on 18 sets of ultrasound data collected from 18 patients in intensive care unit (ICU),with clinicians' measurements as the gold standard. Results The recognition accuracy of the automated method was 94.44％ (17/18),and the measurement error of IVC diameter was within the range of±1.96s (s was the standard deviation). The automated method could replace the manual method. Conclusion The proposed IVC automated identification and localization algorithm based on topology and automatic tracking algorithm has high recognition success rate and IVC diameter measurement accuracy. It can assist clinicians in identifying and locating IVC,so as to improve the accuracy of IVC measurement.

Sanggenon C is a kind of flavonoid compound mainly extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Morus alba. The pharmacological effects and mechanisms of sanggenon C are systematically reviewed and summarized， and it is found that this component can improve pulmonary fibrosis by regulating transforming growth factor-β1 and nuclear factor-κB； it can exert anti- tumor effects by inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells and inducing the apoptosis of tumor cells； it can exert cardioprotective， neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effects by regulating multiple signaling pathways， such as calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells 2， peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α， and Ras homolog gene family member A/Rho-associated coiled- coil containing protein kinase， enhancing autophagy， reducing inflammatory response and reducing the level of oxidative stress； it can treat osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclast uptake and promoting osteoblast formation； it has certain inhibitory effect on many enzymes； it can exert anti-inflammatory effects by regulating nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway； it can exert antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals. However， researches on the pharmacological effects of sanggenon C mostly focus on the cellular and animal field， and the specific mechanism of action is not yet clear. In the future， basic research and clinical trials are still needed to explore and verify.

Objective To evaluate the long-term prognostic value of coronary CT angiography-derived fractional flow reserve(CT-FFR)in elderly patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 1133 patients with clinically suspected CHD from a prospective observational study based on coronary CTA and CT-FFR at the General Hos-pital of Eastern Theater from April 2018 to March 2019,and 330 elderly CHD patients were even-tually included.According to major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)occurred or not,295 patients were assigned into non-MACE group and 35 patients into the MACE group.Based on cor-onary CTA data,plaque features were analyzed and CT-FFR values were measured in all lesioned vessels.The relationship of plaque features and CT-FFR with MACE was evaluated by using Cox proportional risk regression model,Kaplan-Meier survival curve,and ROC curve analyses.Results The patients with coronary stenosis(≥50％)or CT-FFR value ≤0.8 had a higher risk of MACE(P＜0.01).Univariate Cox analysis showed that coronary stenosis ≥50％and CT-FFR value 0.8 were risk factors of MACE(P＜0.01).After adjusting confounding factors,multivariate Cox analysis indicated that CT-FFR ≤0.8(HR=17.037,95％CI:5.060-57.358,P=0.000)was only independent predictor for MACE.The risk prediction model based on CT-FFR presented better performance than the model based on coronary CTA stenosis(C-index:0.820 vs 0.696,P=0.000).Conclusion CT-FFR≤0.8 is an important independent predictor for long-term MACE in elderly CHD patients.Clinical risk stratification based on CT-FFR may optimize prognostic man-agement strategies in these patients.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the association of outdoor physical activity and insomnia symptoms with depressive symptoms in college students, so as to provide a theoretical basis for preventing and improving depression of the college students. Methods: A sample survey of 9 349 college students from 4 colleges and universities in 3 provinces in Hubei, Jiangxi and Chongqing were conducted from November to December 2021. The Patient Health Questionnaire, Insomnia Severity Index and outdoor physical activity questionnaire were used to evaluate the depressive symptoms, insomnia symptoms and outdoor activities of college students, respectively. The χ 2 test was used to compare the difference of the positive rate of depressive symptoms in college students. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between outdoor physical activity, insomnia symptoms and depressive symptoms. Generalized linear model was used to analyze the association of interaction effect of outdoor activity and insomnia symptoms with depressive symptoms. Results: The detection rate of depressive symptoms in college students was 37.4%. Significant differences in the detection rate of depressive symptoms were observed among college students with different majors, nationalities,educational backgrounds, family residence, family type, family economic conditions, study burden, number of friends, father s education level,mother s education level( P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that outdoor physical activity ( OR=0.51-0.69, P <0.01) and insomnia symptoms ( OR=6.15-21.30, P <0.01) were associated with depressive symptoms( P <0.01). Generalized linear model showed that insomnia symptoms( B =0.57), outdoor physical activity ( B =-0.15) and their interaction terms ( B =-0.02) were associated with college students depression( P <0.05). Conclusion This study suggests that insufficient time for outdoor physical activity and insomnia symptoms may increase the risk of depressive symptoms in college students. College students with insufficient time for outdoor physical activity and insomnia have a higher risk of developing depressive symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the prognostic value of early multiple detection indicators in combination with sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) in sepsis patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted. Patients with sepsis admitted to the department of critical care medicine of Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University from May 2020 to May 2022 were selected as the research subjects. Coagulation indicators, inflammatory factors, blood routine, liver and kidney function, and blood gas analysis were collected at admission. Organ dysfunction was assessed based on the SOFA score within 24 hours after admission. Patients were divided into a survival group and a death group according to the outcome of 28 days in ICU. Differences in the above indicators between the two groups were compared. Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze prognostic factors of 28-day mortality in sepsis patients. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to analyze the predictive performance of various indicators, the SOFA score, and the combine model for the 28-day outcome in patients with sepsis. RESULTS: A total of 101 patients with sepsis were enrolled, 56 patients survived and 45 patients died. Compared to the survival group, patients in the death group were older, the proportion of patients with septic shock was larger, the SOFA score, and the proportion of pulmonary infection were higher, the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were significantly prolonged, the prothrombin activity (PTA) was significantly shortened, and antithrombin (AT) was significantly decreased, the levels of hypersensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total bilirubin (TBil), and lactic acid (Lac) were significantly increased, while the platelet count (PLT) was significantly decreased. Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that pulmonary infection [odds ratio (OR) = 0.010, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.001-0.164, P = 0.001], AT (OR = 0.944, 95%CI was 0.910-0.978, P = 0.002), hs-CRP (OR = 1.008, 95%CI was 1.001-1.015, P = 0.017), Lac (OR = 1.619, 95%CI was 1.195-2.193, P = 0.002), and SOFA score (OR = 1.363, 95%CI was 1.076-1.727, P = 0.010) were independent prognostic factors for 28-day mortality in patients. A combined model was constructed using pulmonary infection, AT, hs-CRP, Lac, and SOFA score. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the combine model in predicting sepsis prognosis was 0.936 (95%CI was 0.869-0.975, P < 0.001), which was higher in value compared to single indicators (AUC of AT, hs-CRP, Lac, and SOFA score were 0.775, 0.666, 0.802, 0.796, respectively, all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The predictive ability of the SOFA score for sepsis patient outcomes is limited. The combine model combining infection site, AT, hs-CRP, and Lac shows better predictive ability.
Humans ; Organ Dysfunction Scores ; Retrospective Studies ; C-Reactive Protein ; ROC Curve ; Sepsis/metabolism* ; Prognosis ; Anticoagulants ; Antithrombin III ; Intensive Care Units