OBJECTIVE To compare the changes of chemical components of Morus alba leaves， screen differential markers， and determine their contents， so as to provide reference for quality control of M. alba leaves before and after baked with honey. METHODS The fingerprints of M. alba leaves before and after baked with honey were established by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The common peaks of the fingerprints were identified and the similarity was evaluated. The differential markers of M. alba leaves before and after baked with honey were screened by principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） using common peak are of raw material and product baked with honey of M. alba leaves as index. The quantitative analysis was carried out. RESULTS Twenty-three and twenty-four common peaks were identified from the HPLC fingerprint spectra of ten batches of raw material and ten batches of product baked with honey of M. alba leaves， respectively. The similarities of HPLC fingerprints for raw material and product baked with honey of M. alba leaves were all greater than 0.97. The results of PCA showed that raw material and product baked with honey of M. alba leaves could be divided into two categories. The results of OPLS-DA showed that the variable importance in projection of peak 2， peak H （5- hydroxymethylfurfural）， peak 1， peak 17 （isochlorogenic acid C） and peak 16 were all greater than 1. The average contents of differential marker of isochlorogenic acid C in raw material and product baked with honey of M. alba leaves were 0.093 6 and 0.127 8 mg/g， respectively； there was statistical significance （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Five differential markers such as isochlorogenic acid C are obtained. The content of isochlorogenic acid C in M. alba leaves is significantly increased after baked with honey.

Objective:To learn about the operation of arsenic reduction and water improvement projects and the present situation of arsenic level in drinking water in drinking water type endemic arsenic poisoning areas in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province.Methods:From May to August 2023, in accordance with the requirements of the "Investigation Plan for Arsenic Content in Drinking Water of Residents in Arsenic Exposed Areas of Shanxi Province", 29 high arsenic villages in the drinking water type endemic arsenic poisoning historical areas of Pingyao County, Jiexiu City and Qi County in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province were selected as monitoring villages to investigate the operation of water improvement projects. The drinking water samples of village residents were collected and water arsenic level was measured by hydride atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry. At the same time, monitoring of the operation of water improvement projects and water arsenic level for residents within adjacent local areas were carried out in townships where 29 high arsenic villages located.Results:In 2023, a total of 29 high arsenic villages in 3 counties (cities) of Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province were monitored, all of which had undergone water improvement and all water improvement projects were operating normally. The range of water arsenic level was 0.000 - 0.047 mg/L, with 27 high arsenic villages had water arsenic level < 0.01 mg/L. A total of 81 natural villages within the adjacent local areas of high arsenic villages in Jinzhong City were monitored, all of which had undergone water improvement and the water improvement projects were operating normally. The range of water arsenic level was 0.000 - 0.043 mg/L, and there were 4, 7, and 2 natural villages in Pingyao County, Jiexiu City and Qi County with water arsenic level ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 mg/L.Conclusions:All high arsenic villages in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province have completed water improvement, and the water improvement projects are operating normally. The water arsenic level in most high arsenic villages meets the national drinking water standard (< 0.01 mg/L).

OBJECTIVE To optimite the purification technology of total triterpenoid extracts from Inonotus obliquus ，and to investigate the anti -tumor activity of its purified products . METHODS Using inotodiol as control ，the method was established for the content determination of total triterpenoid in I. obliquus. The type of macroporous adsorption resin ，sample volume ，sample concentration，sample flow rate ，eluent volume ，eluent dosage and elution flow rate were selected by single factor experiments . The purification technology of the crude extract was determined and verified . The effects of total triterpenoid purified from I. obliquus on the proliferation ，migration and apoptosis of human cervical cancer HeLa cells were detected by cell proliferation test ， migration test ，flow cytometry and AO/EB kit . RESULTS The best purification technology of total triterpenoid crude extracts from I. obliquus was as follows ：AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin was used ；mass concentration of the sample solution was 2.0 mg/mL；sample volume was 140 mL，and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min；the impurity was removed with 50% ethanol 40 mL， then eluted with 95% ethanol 160 mL，at the elution flow rate of 3.0 mL/min. After purification ，mass concentration of total triterpenoid from I. obliquus increased from 34.36% to 73.39%. The total triterpenoid of I. obliquus could inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells ，and the 50% inhibitory concentration was 184.20 μg/mL. Compared with control group ，the purified products could significantly inhibit the migratio n and promote the apoptosis of HeLa cells （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS The purification technology of total triterpenoids extracts from I. obliquus is successfully optimited . The purified product could inhibit the proliferation and migration of HeLa cells and induce their apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of Jinbei oral liquid against influenza A H 1N1 virus and secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection of rats ，and to provide reference for its clinical application . METHODS Oseltamivir phosphate capsule （25.6 mg/kg）was used as a positive control . Influenza A H 1N1 virus infection model of mice was established by nasal drops of H 1N1 virus containing 0.8 median lethal dose （LD50）. The body mass ，lung index ，lung viral load ，pathological changes of lung tissue ， and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α（TNF-α），interleukin-1β（IL-1β）and IL -6 were used as indexes to investigate the anti - H1N1 virus effect of 15.6，7.8 and 3.9 mL/kg Jinbei oral liquid in vivo . The model of secondary S. pneumoniae infection was established by nasal drops of H 1N1 virus solution containing 0.5 LD50 and S. pneumoniae solution containing 1×109 colony forming units. The death ，lung index ，nasal and lung bacterial load ，serum levels of interferon -β（IFN-β），IL-17 and IL -23 were used as indexes to investigate the effects of 15.6 mL/kg Jinbei oral liquid against secondary S. pneumoniae infection. RESULTS After 6 days of administration ，both 15.6 and 7.8 mL/kg Jinbei oral liquid significantly increased the abnormally reduced body weight of influenza A H 1N1 virus infected mice ，significantly reduced the abnormally increased lung index and serum levels of TNF -α，IL- 1β，IL-6（P＜0.05）；it also significantly reduced the viral load in the lung （P＜0.05）and alleviated the degree of lung tissue lesions. At the same time ，15.6 mL/kg Jinbei oral liquid significantly prolonged the survival time of mice co -infected 2020CXGC010505， with virus and bacteria （P＜0.05）and reduced the mortality rate；it also significantly increased the abnormally reduced body weight and serum levels of IL -17 and IL -23（P＜0.05）， while reduced the nasal and lung bacterial loads and the abnormally increased serum level of IFN -β （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Jinbei oral liquid has a certain anti -influenza A H 1N1 virus infection effect of rats and can help the body resist secondary S. pneumoniae infection by restoring the type 17 antibacterial immune function .

ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence rate and related risk factors of anxiety， depression and insomnia symptoms in close contacts of COVID-19 patients undergoing centralized quarantine and observation， so as to provide references for follow-up targeted psychological crisis intervention. MethodsFrom February 6 to 8， 2020， a total of 136 close contacts at designated quarantine sites in four districts and counties of Ya'an city were enrolled， and assessed using the general information questionnaire， Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale （HAD） and Insomnia Severity Index （ISI）. ResultsA total of 26 quarantined individuals （19.12%） had various degrees of anxiety， depression or insomnia， including 16 cases （11.76%） with anxiety， 9 cases （6.62%） with depression and 16 cases （11.76%） with insomnia. Correlation analysis showed that HAD （A） score was positively correlated with HAD （D） score （r=0.642， P<0.01）. HAD （A） score was positively correlated with ISI score （r=0.590， P<0.01）. HAD （D） score was positively correlated with ISI score （r=0.329， P<0.01）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factor of anxiety was the first week of isolation （OR=3.290， P<0.05）， meantime， the risk factors of insomnia included the old age （OR=7.990， P<0.05） and the first week of isolation （OR=4.659， P<0.05）. ConclusionThe close contacts of COVID-19 infections undergoing centralized quarantine and observation in Ya’an have high prevalence rate of anxiety and insomnia， and the symptoms are most severe during the first week of quarantine.

Objective To investigate the optimum extraction of total flavonoids and baicalin in baical skullcap root. Methods Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to detect the content of total flavonoids, HPLC was used to detect the content of baicalin. With the test of extracting method, time, frequency, and adding water volume, the optimum extracting craft was determined. Results The best craft for extraction was:heating water for recirculation, setting extracting time for 1.5 h, extracting frequency for 3 times, and water volume for 8 times of baical skullcap root. Conclusion The optimized process for extraction are stable, reasonable and feasible.

The four properties theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important basis for the guidance of TCM clinical medication.However,TCM modernization has produced a large number of active substances with unknown medicine properties.Therefore,it is urgent to build a new drug development system guided with TCM four properties theory.From the view of that four properties of TCM must have their material basis,and based on the known knowledge on TCM four properties,this paper proposed strategies of new drug research by cloning TCM partial components based on theTCM model of standard level property. A certain number of representative standard level property TCM drugs were selected to conduct system separation for the establishment of aTCM model of standard level property with the proportion and content of each separated component as a reference.The standard model was used as a boundary.Contents and proportions of the experimental TCM separation components deviated from thisstandard model were classified as hot or cold properties.From cloning of the partial components of TCM with hot or cold property medicine,the quality standards of partial components of experimental TCM were also studied,in order to investigate their corrective actions and mechanisms.The TCM partial components were expected to form a new TCM drug with the four properties theory of TCM as guidance.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of scorpion’s proteins with different molecular weights on angiogenesis of the transgenic zebrafish. METHODS:The vascular fluorescence transgenic zebrafish models were established. Scorpion’s proteins were separated by ultrafiltration and ion exchange chromatography to obtain the scorpion protein fractions with different molecular weights (3-10 ku,>10-50 ku and>50 ku). The embryos of transgenic zebrafishes were cultured in the above 10,100 and 500 μg/ml scor-pion’s proteins. Intersegmental vessels of the transgenic zebrafishes were counted under the fluorescence microscope to optimize the most suitable scorpion’s protein molecular weight. The vessels were counted again with >50 ku scorpion protein component 1 and 2,so as to select suitable component.RESULTS:The >50 ku scorpion’s protein fraction component 1 with the mass concentration of 500 μg/ml had the highest inhibitory activity for the angiogenesis of the transgenic zebrafish,with inhibitory rate of 92.59%. CONCLUSIONS:Scorpion’s protein and its fractions have the activity of angiogenesis inhibition,which may be one of anti-cancer mechanisms of scorpion.

OBJECTIVETo research on the substantial foundation of the medical speciality of Chinese traditional medicines from immunogenicity.

METHODControl antigen with hot nature was prepared from the mixture of the aqueous extracts of three Chinese traditional medicines with three typical hot nature of Alpinia officinarum, Cinnamomum cassia and Curculigo orchioides, while that with cold nature prepared with Rheum palmatum, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Coptis chinensis, and polyclonal antibody was prepared by immunizing rabbit with control antigen. Dot blotting was performed between the polyclonal antibody of control antigen and the aqueous extracts of nine Chinese traditional medicines on a piece of PVDF membrane, and the blotting signals were analyzed by the software of Quantity One.

RESULTBlotting signals with hot control antigen of nine Chinese traditional medicines in descending were Zingiber officinale, Aconitum carmichaeli, Eucommia ulmoides, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Lonicera japonica, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Coptis chinensis, Rheum palmatum and Phellodendron chinense, which degree of similarity to control antigen in peak value were 57.33%, 43.56 %, 34.16%, 30.2%, 28.81%, 26.53%, 21.68%, 17.62% and 14.85%, respectively. Blotting signals with cold control antigen were Rheum palmatum, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Coptis chinensis, Phellodendron chinense, Zingiber officinale, Lonicera japonica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Eucommia ulmoides and Aconitum carmichaeli in descending, of which degree of similarity to cold control antigen in peak value were 55.22%, 54.23%, 46.72%, 34.08%, 30.3%, 24.48%, 24.33%, 20.35% and 15.17%, respectively. Results of cluster analysis with Wistar's method showed that nine medicines were classified into two groups, one group included Phellodendron chinense, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Coptis chinensis, Rheum palmatum, another was Zingiber officinale, Aconitum carmichaeli, Eucommia ulmoides, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Lonicera japonica.

CONCLUSIONBlotting signals of nine medicines with control antigen regularly varied with the alteration of medicine nature. The more similarity degree of the tested medicine to control antigen was smaller, the more distance of the tested medicine to control antigen was further. Dot immunoblotting was a practical and effective new method in researching the substantial foundation of the medical speciality of Chinese traditional medicines.

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; immunology ; Antibody Formation ; Antigens ; immunology ; Blotting, Western ; Cold Temperature ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; classification ; Hot Temperature ; Immunoblotting ; methods ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Rabbits

Objective To optimize the prescription matrix proportion of Bitongning Patch and observe its percutaneous absorption in vitro. Methods U6(66) Uniform design was performed to investigate the influence of scopolamine and aconitine in the proportion for 24 h cumulative permeation in vitro. The drug permeation behavior through excised mouse skin was studied with improved Franz diffusion cell. Results With the matrix ratio for PVA: 11.02%, PVP: 29.93%, glyceroh 7.42%, azone: 4.95%, and propanediol: 11.06%, respectively, the Patch had the maximal cumulative permeation amount and cumulative permeation curve coincided with the Higuchi Equation. Conclusion The prescription composition optimized by uniform design meets the requirement of skeleton-controlled transdermal delivery system.