Objective To analyze the seasonal characteristics of scarlet fever in Songjiang District from 2012 to 2021, and to provide references for the prevention and control of scarlet fevers. Methods The incidence data of scarlet fever in Songjiang District from 2012 to 2021 were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The seasonal characteristics and peak of scarlet fever incidence were analyzed using concentration and circular distribution methods. Results The average annual reported incidence rate of scarlet fever in Songjiang District from 2012 to 2021 was 20.15/100 000. The M value of the concentration analysis was 0.18. The results of the circular distribution method showed that the peak day of scarlet fever from March to August was May 12, and the epidemic peak period was from April 3 to June 20. From September to February of the next year, the peak day of scarlet fever was December 21, and the epidemic peak period was from December 2 to January 9 of the next year. The differences were all statistically significant (P values were all less than 0.05). Conclusion The peaks of scarlet fever in Songjiang District mainly occur in May and December. It is suggested that the monitoring methods and prevention strategies should be adjusted in time according to Seasonal characteristics of scarlet fever.

Objective:To explore the current situation of nurses′growth mindset ability and study its related influencing factors, so as to serve as a reference for improving nurses′ growth mindset ability.Methods:This was a cross-sectional survey, and 310 nurses from 5 tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province, Shanghai City, and Guangdong Province were selected as the survey subjects from April to June 2022 using convenience sampling method. The General Information Questionnaire, the Nurses′ Growth Mindset Assessment Scale, the Psychological Adaptability Self-Assessment Scale, the Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory Brief Version and the Team Psychological Safety Atmosphere Scale were used to investigate the growth mindset ability of nurses and its influencing factors.Results:Finally, 307 valid questionnaires were collected. There were 46 males and 261 females, aged 20-50 years old. The scores of the Nurses′ Growth Mindset Assessment Scale were (108.89 ± 29.32) points, the scores of the Psychological Adaptability Self-Assessment Questionnaire were 10.0(0.0, 20.0) points, the scores of the Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory Brief Scale were (162.37±43.82) points, and the scores of the Team Psychological Safety Atmosphere Scale were (55.84 ± 15.12) points. The highest education level ( B = 0.028, P = 0.040), professional title ( B = 0.033, P = 0.032), family economic support ( B = 0.025, P = 0.048), Chinese big five personality ( B = 0.039, P = 0.037), team psychological safety atmosphere ( B = 0.600, P<0.001) and psychological adaptability ( B = 0.313, P<0.001) had a significant effect on nurses′ growth mindset ability. Conclusions:The growth mindset ability of nurses is at the upper middle level, and the educational background, professional title, family economic support, personality characteristics, team psychological safety atmosphere and psychological adaptability of nurses are the significant influencing factors. Hospitals, social and health education systems can combine influencing factors to provide a harmonious working atmosphere for nurses, focusing on the improvement of nurses′ academic qualifications and the promotion of professional titles, cultivating nurses′ psychological adaptability, improving nurses′growth mindset ability, and improving the overall quality of the nursing service team.

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a relatively high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Risk stratification guided by CVD risk prediction models is essential for managing CKD populations. We reviewed the outcome events, predictive variables, modeling methods, and predictive performance of CVD risk prediction models in CKD populations. We found a large variability in predictive outcomes, number of predictors, and sample sizes across studies. The models tended to overestimate the CVD risk of CKD populations. There are few independently validated or constructed CVD risk prediction models for CKD populations in developing countries, and in particular, there is a lack of independent external validation studies of model calibration. Future studies should comply with the reporting standards of risk prediction models to better support the application of CVD risk prediction models for CKD populations.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Huachansu tablets combined with transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)for treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and prognostic influence factors.Methods One hundred and eight patients with HCC were recruited according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.The treatment group was treated with Huachansu tablets combined with TACE,and the control group was treated with TACE alone,with overall survival time(OS)and progression-free survival time(PFS)as the evaluation indexes.The COX regression analysis was used to evaluate the survival and prognostic effects and their influence factors in both groups.Results A total of 108 HCC patients were enrolled.The OS was 13.5 months in treatment group and 9.2 months in control group;the PFS was 6.8 months in treatment group and 5.3 months in control group,and the differences were significant statistically(all P<0.05).Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that Child-Pugh grade and cirrhosis were the independent risk factors for PFS in HCC patients.Child-Pugh grade were the independent risk factors for OS in HCC patients.ALBI is a protective factor for OS in HCC patients.Conclusions The treatment of HCC by Huachansu tablets combined with TACE can delay the progression of HCC and prolong PFS and OS of the patients with HCC.Child-Pugh grade,cirrhosis status,and ALBI were important factors affecting the prognosis of the patients with HCC.

Objective To analyze the quality of 19 batches of Ginseng Formula Granules from 11 different manufacturers by using Ginseng water Extract reference substance(GWERS)as references.Methods Thin layer chromatography(TLC)identification and feature map detection were carried out according to the identification items and characteristic maps of Ginseng Formula Granules standard(YBZ-PFKL-2021186)issued by the National Medical Products Administration.Results The results of TLC analysis showed that the 19 batches of Ginseng Formula Granules-labeled samples could be divided into three categories.The overall pattern of the first type of samples was consistent with that of GWERS,and the similarity was high.Pseudoginsenoside F11,a unique component of American ginseng,was detected in the second type of samples.Four blue fluorescent spots were observed in the third type of samples compared to GWERS.HPLC results indicated that all 19 batches of Ginseng Formula Granules showed eight characteristic peaks at the same retention time as that of GWERS chromatogram.Two more chromatographic peaks were found in the chromatogram of three batches of samples from one manufacturer compared to the chromatogram of other samples,whose similarity to the GWERS chromatogram was less than 0.65.The similarity between the chromatogram of the remaining 16 sample and GWERS chromatogram was higher than 0.94.Conclusion At present,the quality of Ginseng Formula Granules on the market varies greatly.It was suspected that American ginseng might appear among them.The application of GWERS for quality analysis of Ginseng Formula Granules has better applicability to the control medicinal materials.

Objective:To analyze the viral genome sequence of novel coronavirus infected persons in Baotou City, understand the mutation characteristics of novel coronavirus genome in the process of transmission among cases, and explore the transmission rule of novel coronavirus in the clustered populations.Methods:Nine throat swabs samples (No. 1 - 7, No. 9, and No. 10), two sputum samples (No. 8, No. 11, and No. 11 sample was from No. 10 case), and one surface smear sample (No.12, and No. 12 sample was from No. 10 case) were collected from 10 confirmed cases of novel coronavirus infection in Baotou City from January 25 to February 21, 2020. Samples 1 and 3 were from single cases, and the rest were from clustered cases. The virus genome was sequenced by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation sites were screened by comparing with NC_045512, a reference strain of novel coronavirus. Combined with relevant epidemiological information, gene mutation, virus typing, and evolutionary traceability analysis were carried out.Results:The results of viral genome mNGS showed that 76 SNP mutation sites were detected in 12 samples compared with the reference strain NC_045512, including 3 (3.95%) transitions and 73 (96.05%) reversals. There were 19 (25.00%) synonymous mutations and 57 (75.00%) non-synonymous mutations. The analysis of nucleotide and amino acid variation sites showed that mutations were found at five sites (T2821C, C6548T, T16464C, G16858A and T251C) in all the clustered cases (cases 2, 4 - 10). In the single cases, sample 1 had mutations at C9245T and A15340T, and sample 3 had mutation at C13T. The virus typing analysis showed that the samples 1 and 3 belonged to the L type of novel coronavirus, while the rest belonged to the S type of novel coronavirus. The results of genomic evolutionary relationship analysis showed that all the samples could be divided into two branches. The branches of sample 1 and 3 belonged to single cases, and the rest belonged to family clustered cases.Conclusion:The genomic characteristics of the clustered cases of novel coronavirus infection in Baotou City are basically consistent with the epidemiological investigation results, and the transmission of the virus is mainly related to close contact and family gathering.

OBJECTIVE: To construct a HIV-1 gp120 transgenic mouse model (gp120) with 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (7nAChR) gene knockout. METHODS: The 7nAChR gene knockout mice (7R) were crossed with HIV-1gp120 transgenic mice (gp120) to generate F1 generation mice. We selected the F1 mice with the genotype of 7R/gp120 to mate to obtain the F2 mice. The genotypes of the F3 mice were identified by PCR, and the protein expressions in the double transgenic animal model was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. BV2 cells were treated with gp120 protein and 7nAChR inhibitor, and the expressions of IL-1β and TNF- were detected using ELISA. RESULTS: The results of PCR showed the bands of the expected size in F3 mice. Two F3 mice with successful double gene editing (7R/gp120) were obtained, and immunohistochemistry showed that the brain tissue of the mice did not express 7 nAChR but with high gp120 protein expression. In the cell experiment, treatment with gp120 promoted the secretion of IL-1β and TNF- in BV2 cells, while inhibition of 7nAChR significantly decreased the expression of IL-1β and TNF- ( < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS By mating gp120 Tg mice with 7R mice, we obtained gp120 transgenic mice with 7nAChR gene deletion, which serve as a new animal model for exploring the role of 7nAChR in gp120-induced neurotoxicity.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glycoproteins ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ; metabolism

Objective To understand the status of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients′ trust in their family physicians, and to explore the role of the trust on patients′ medication adherence. Methods A total of 1078 patients with T2DM were recruited by cluster and systematic sampling method, from ten rural communities in Sanlong township in Yancheng city and five rural communities of Pingchao township in Nantong city, during February to April in 2018. The survey covered their trust behavior and attitude scale (PTBAS), and an 8-item Morisky medication adherence scale ( MMAS-8). Both measurement data and enumeration data were subject to descriptive analysis by mean ± SD and proportion respectively. Multiple linear regression was employed to explore the determinants of trust in physicians. Ordered logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between patient-physician trust and medication adherence. Results The mean scoring of patients′ trust and medication adherence was 20. 16 ± 2. 13, 7. 07 ± 1. 54 respectively. 55. 40 percent of the patients had high medication compliance, 28. 53 percent of them had medium compliance and 16. 07 percent had poor compliance. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the patient′s occupation, course of disease, self-reported health status and mental health status influenced their trust behavior (P < 0. 05). Ordered logistic regression analysis showed that each 1 point increase in patient′s trust in physicians, the medication compliance increased by 11. 0％ (OR = 1. 110, P < 0. 001). Medication adherence is also affected by age, employment status, course of illness, and mental health status. Conclusions Diabetes patients′ trust in their family physicians improves their medication adherence.

Objective To compare the cumulative analgesic effects of electroacupuncture at Sanyinjiao (SP6), Xuanzhong (GB39) and non-acupoint in treating primary dysmenorrhea. Method By adopting a multi-centered randomized controlled study method, 501 patients recruited from Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Capital Medical University, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huguosi Hospital of Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and the Outpatient of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were randomized into a Sanyinjiao group, a Xuanzhong group, and a non-acupoint group, 167 subjects in each group. The electroacupuncture intervention was applied when dysmenorrhea flared up and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ≥40 mm, with frequency at 2/100 Hz and intensity during patient’s endurance, 30 min each time, once a day, and for successive 3 d. Before the first treatment, 30 min after the first treatment, and respectively prior to the second and third treatment, VAS was used to measure the pain intensity. Meanwhile, the Retrospective Symptom Scale (RSS-COX 2) was investigated before the first treatment, right after the removal of needles for the first treatment, before the second and third treatment. Result The decrease of VAS in Sanyinjiao group was more significant than that in Xuanzhong group and non-acupoint group (MD=﹣2.92 mm, P=0.028; MD=﹣3.47 mm, P=0.009), while there was no significant difference between Xuanzhong group and non-acupoint group (MD=﹣0.56 mm, P=0.674); there were no significant differences in comparing the RSS-COX2 total score among the three groups (P=0.086). Conclusion Sanyinjiao (SP6) can produce a more significant cumulative analgesic effect for primary dysmenorrhea patient than Xuanzhong and non-acupoint, and the effects of Xuanzhong and non-acupoit are equivalent.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of dual stent placements for the treatment of occlusion/stenosis of subclavian artery associated with stenosis of adjacent vertebral artery initial site. Methods The clinical data of 9 patients with occlusion/stenosis of subclavian artery associated with stenosis of adjacent vertebral artery initial site were retrospectively analyzed. Stent implantations in the affected subclavian artery and vertebral artery were separately performed; the patients were followed up for 3-12 months after the treatment. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated with the clinical symptoms and Doppler ultrasonic examination. Results Successful implantation of two stents was accomplished in all 9 patients, with the technical success rate of 100%. After the treatment, the blood flow in both the subclavian and vertebral arteries was unobstructed. Following-up examination showed that the subjective symptoms were obviously improved in all 9 patients, and no serious procedure-related complications occurred. Doppler ultrasound examination showed that no in-stent restenosis or stent displacement was observed. Conclusion For the treatment of occlusion/stenosis of subclavian artery associated with stenosis of adjacent vertebral artery initial site, dual stent placement technique is a safe and feasible means with satisfactory effect in improving vertebro-basilar arterial insufficiency.