Background Indoor air pollution is an important risk factor affecting health of the respiratory system. Studies on indoor air pollution in China are mostly limited to the central and eastern regions, and there are few studies in the rural areas of northwest China. Objective To explore the influencing factors of lung ventilation function and its relationship with indoor air pollution in rural areas of Gansu Province based on a cross-sectional investigation. Methods A total of 399 subjects were selected from four villages in Baiyin and Yuzhong of Gansu Province. Questionnaires were used to collect demographic information, lifestyle, disease history, fuel use, and other information, and physical and functional tests were ordered such as height, weight, and lung function. The Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) exposure index was calculated based on smoking, fuel type, and weekly ventilation. IAP > 5 was defined as a high level of indoor air pollution. Lung function indexes included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, forced vital capacity as a percentage of predicted value (FVC%), and forced expiratory volume in the first second as a percentage of predicted value (FEV1%), which were used to determine pulmonary ventilation dysfunction. Logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between indoor air pollution and pulmonary ventilation function, and subgroup analysis was further conducted according to home address and BMI , in order to identify the high-risk population of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction. Results The mean age of the subjects was (56.75±7.31) years old; 155 subjects (38.85%) had normal pulmonary ventilation function, and the other 244 subjects (61.14%) had impaired pulmonary ventilation function; about 89.97% of the subjects were exposed to high level of indoor air pollution (IAP > 5). We found that IAP > 5 (OR=2.327, 95%CI: 1.089-4.974) and use of bituminous coal as the main heating fuel in winter (OR=3.467, 95%CI: 1.197-10.037) increased the risk of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction after adjusting for age, BMI, residence, gender, smoking, drinking, and cardiovascular disease. The subgroup analysis results showed that no ventilation in the living room/bedroom (OR=3.460, 95%CI: 1.116-10.268) increased the risk of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in Baiyin. Heating with coal stoves and Chinese Kang in the bedroom (OR=2.092, 95%CI: 1.030-4.247) and cooking in the bedroom in winter ( OR =2.954, 95% CI : 1.046-8.344) also increased the risk of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in the residents with BMI≤24 kg·m⁻². IAP > 5 (OR=3.739, 95%CI: 1.147-12.182) was associated with a significantly increased risk of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in the BMI > 24 kg·m⁻² subgroup. Conclusion The pulmonary ventilation function of rural residents in Gansu is poor, which is negatively correlated with indoor air pollution. Coal use, overweight, cooking in bedroom, and use of coal stoves and Chinese Kang for heating may increase the risk of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction, while room ventilation is a beneficial factor.

Objective:To explore the status and influencing factors of incontinence-associated dermatitis among elderly inpatients in 52 hospitals nationwide, and to analyze the nursing of elderly inpatients with incontinence, so as to provide a reference for clinical intervention.Methods:On March 31, 2021, convenience sampling was used to select 14 675 elderly inpatients from 52 hospitals across the country as the research object. The self-designed Incontinence-associated Dermatitis Questionnaire for Elderly Inpatients was used to collect general demographic data, health status, incontinence, and skin nursing. Binomial Logistic regression was used to investigate the influencing factors of incontinence-associated dermatitis in elderly inpatients.Results:Among 14 675 elderly inpatients, the prevalence rates of xerosis cutis, incontinence and incontinence-associated dermatitis were 38.78% (5 691/14 675) , 11.06% (1 623/14 675) and 1.91% (280/14 675) , respectively. The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe incontinence-associated dermatitis were 1.27% (186/14 675) , 0.55% (81/14 675) , and 0.09% (13/14 675) , respectively. Among the nursing of 1 623 elderly inpatients with incontinence, the items with low implementation rate were the use neutral lotion to clean skin (14.17%, 230/1 623) , use of skin protectant after moisturizing (17.68%, 287/1 623) , moisturizing after cleansing the skin (28.90%, 469/1 623) . The results of binomial Logistic regression analysis showed that xeroderma, fecal incontinence, urinary and fecal incontinence, ≥2 kinds of combined medication, and hospital stay >30 days were risk factors for incontinence-associated dermatitis in elderly inpatients.Conclusions:The risk factors of incontinence-associated dermatitis in elderly inpatients mainly include xerosis cutis, type of incontinence, ≥2 kinds of combined medication, and hospital stay >30 days.

Objective To study the influence of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizome (SMR) and Carthami Flos (CF) before and after compatibility on activitis of cytochrome P 1A2 (CYP1A2),cytochrome P2E1 (CYP2E1),and cytochrome P3A4 (CYP3A4) from rat liver microsomes.Methods Using caffeine,chlorzoxazone,and midazolam as the probe drugs ofCYP1A2,CYP2E1,and CYP3A4,the SD rats were randomized divided into four groups:control group,SMR (1.2 g crude drug/kg) group,CF (0.4 g crude drug/kg) group,and SMR (1.2 g crude drug/kg) + CF (0.4 g crude drug/kg) group.According to the above dose,rats were ig given drugs for 7 d.Rats were injected with caffeine,chlorzoxazone,and midazolam solution in tail vein 30 rain after the last administration,and the blood was collected at different time points.Metronidazole as internal standard,method has been established to determine the levels of caffeine,chlorzoxazone,and midazolam to evaluate the activities of CYP1A2,CYP2E1,and CYP3A4 by HPLC.Results Compared with control group,SMR increased the clearance rates (CL) of caffeine,chlorzoxazone,and midazolam,reduced the AUC,and t1/2 was also show a decreasing trend,but the difference was not significant.In CF group,CL of caffeine and chlorzoxazone was decreased,but the difference is not significant.CL of midazolam significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.01).AUC of chlorzoxazone increased,but the difference was not significant.AUC of caffeine and midazolam increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05 and 0.01).In SMR + CF group,the CL of caffeine and chlorzoxazone decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),the AUC of caffeine and chlorzoxazone increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),and t1/2 also showed a decreasing trend,but the difference is not significant.Conclusion Compatibility of SMR and CF has an inhibitive effect on CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 in rats,and it could be one of the mechanisms ofinteractive synergy.

BACKGROUND: Most of studies focus on the biomechanical characteristics of thoracic spine neoplasm, but there is little report on the fracture risk in the patients with vertebral hemangioma through finite element analysis.OBJECTIVE: To establish a finite element model of vertebral hemangioma, and to analyze its biomechanical characteristics, and assess the risk of vertebral fracture.METHODS: Three-dimensional finite element models of T12-L2 vertebrae from normal individuals, the patients with vertebral hemangioma (hemangioma accounting for 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% of the vertebral cancellous bone) and bone cement filling were established, respectively, and then the mechanical characteristics were analyzed. The stress distribution and characters of each model were determined under a vertical static pressure of 600 N.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Three-dimensional finite element models of T12-L2 vertebrae were established successfully. Under static pressure, the stress distribution of L1 cortical bone showed no significant difference among models, and the maximum stress all occurred at the base of pedicle, zygapophysial joint and isthmus. (2) The stress distribution did not differ significantly between vertebral hemangioma accounting for 20%-40% of vertebral cancellous bone with complete cortical bone and normal ones, but which differed significantly in hemangioma accounting for 60%-80%. (3) To conclude, the established thoracolumbar three-dimensional model is available. Additionally,biomechanical tests manifest that the completeness of cortical bone and destruction ratio of cancellous bone destruction are key factors for the fracture risk of vertebral hemangioma.

BACKGROUND:Reconstruction with remnant preservation can enhance tendon-bone healing. However, the study limits on the histological level, and there is a lack of research based on the modular biological level.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with remnant preservation can enhance tendon-bone healing.
METHODS:Seventy-two New Zealand rabbits were randomly al ocated to three groups (n=24 per group), fol owed by cruciate ligament reconstruction without remnant (group A), with remnant preservation (femoral tensioning and augmented suture) (group B) and with remnant preservation (graft passing remnant anterior cruciate ligament sheath) (group C), respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the tendon-bone healing in the groups B and C surpassed that in the group A, and group B was better than group C. Real-time PCR revealed that the expression level of osteoprotegrin mRNA and the osteoprotegrin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) ratio were greater in the groups B and C than in the group A, and highest in the group C, while the expression levels of RANKL mRNA in the groups B and C were lower than that in the group A. In conclusion, these two kinds of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction methods with remnant preservation can enhance tendon-bone healing, which have obtained most obvious achievements in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the graft passing anterior cruciate ligament remnant sheath that may be related to the up-regulation of osteoprotegrin mRNA and down-regulation of RANKL mRNA.

BACKGROUND:There are controversies about preserving the remnant in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction procedure because of its uncertain therapeutic effects.
OBJECTIVE:Tocompare the efficacy and safety of preserving-remnant with removing-remnant for arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a meta-analysis.
METHODS:A computer-based online search was conducted in PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library, CDSR, CBM, and CNKI databases by using the English key wordsof “anterior cruciate ligamentAND remnant (OR stump)ANDrandomized controled trial (RCT)ORquasi-RCT” and the Chinese key words of“anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, preserving-remnant, removing-remnant” to screen the relevant articles publishedfrom 1995 to July 2015. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 13 randomized controled trials were included. The meta-analysis resultsshowed that there were no statisticaly significant differences in KT1000/2000 scores (OR=-0.28, 95%CI:-0.76-0.20,P=0.25), the good rate of synoveal coverage (OR=-0.30, 95%CI:-0.30-0.90,P=0.32), and the incidence of cyclops leions (OR=0.87,95%CI: 0.63-2.90,P=0.44). Postoperative Lysholm scores (OR=2.45, 95%CI: 0.52-4.39,P=0.01), proprioceptive function (OR=-1.72, 95%CI:-3.32 to 0.13,P=0.03), tunnel enlargement (OR=-0.66, 95%CI:-1.08 to-0.23,P=0.002) in preserving-remnant were superior to removing-remnant for arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. These results suggest that both preserving-remnantandremoving-remnant for arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstructioncanobtain satisfactory antero-posterior stability of the knee. Preserving-remnant exhibits superiority in post-operative scores of the knee, proprioceptive function, tunnel enlargement.Furtherhigh-quality randomized controled trials are warranted because of some low-quality studies and the existing biases.

Objective To observe the effects of bisphosphonate on the inhibit proliferation and the apoptosis effect in osteo‐sarcoma MG‐63 cells in vitro ,explore the phosphonic acid salt of bone sarcoma cells ,induce apoptosis and its possible mechanism . Methods Sixty three osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells were cultured in vitro .After treated with bisphosphonate 400 μg/mL ,without bi‐sphosphonate but normal saline ,they were incubated 72 h after the application of the two group cell immunofluorescence test ;then observe the expression of apoptosis factors Caspase 3 and Fas ;Flow cytometry detection line was used to detect the osteosarcoma cell line MG‐63 cells apoptosis rate of each group .Results 72 h after treatment with bisphosphonate ,the expression of apoptosis factor of Caspase‐3 and Fas in osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells were strongly expressed ,and it was observed by immunofluorescent assay , while in blank control group ,we could barely see the expression of apoptosis factors Caspase‐3 and Fas ;Flow cytometry test results showed that two phosphonic acid salt 400 μg/mL intervention group cell apoptosis rate was 54 .00% ,far more than normal saline blank control group ,of which the apoptosis rate was 3 .10% ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) ,there is an obvi‐ous phenomenon of induced apoptosis .Conclusion Bisphosphonate has a strong apoptotic effects of bisphosphonate in osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells in vitro .Bisphosphonate can inhibit osteolysis of osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells via regulating the expression of Caspase‐3 , Fas in osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells .Bisphosphonate may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of osteosarcoma .

Objective To observe the oral part of the facial artery and facial vein and to provide anatomical data for clinical applica-tion. Methods The origin, branches, course, diameter, position of oral part of facial artery and facial vein were observed on 32 fixed cada-ves (64 sides). Results The position relation between the facial artery and facial vein is non-constant. Measure the distance from inferior border of mandible to corner of the mouth, angulus mandibulae, mental protuberance midpoint. It is (5. 49 ± 0. 63) cm, (2. 50 ± 0. 89) cm and (6. 20 ± 1. 68) cm in the left side respectively, and (5. 69 ± 0. 72) cm, (2. 56 ± 1. 08) cm and (6. 85 ± 1. 86) cm in the right side re-spectively. The diameter of facial artery in inferior border of mandible is (0. 33 ± 0. 08) cm in the left side and (0. 38 ± 0. 07) cm in the right side;while the diameter of facial vein is (0. 40 ± 0. 12) cm in the left side and (0. 42 ± 0. 18) cm in the right side. The facial artery and facial vein are not concomitant and they are not asymmetry also. The position of superior labial artery arteries is constant, but the position of inferior labial artery arteries have more variations. Conclusion The branches, course, diameter and position of oral part of facial artery and facial vein have a number of variations. The superior labial artery arteries could be positioned more easily than inferior labial artery arter-ies. Being familiar with their distribution is of great importance for clinical application.

BACKGROUND:Autologous peroneus brevis and alogeneic tendon are often used for reconstruction of lateral colateral ligament of the ankle joint, but these two kinds of materials have different histological and biomechanical properties. OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical effects of autologous peroneus brevis and alogeneic tendon to reconstruct lateral colateral ligament of the ankle joint. METHODS: Sixty-six patients with chronic external ankle instability caused by old injury to lateral colateral ligament of the ankle joint were enroled, aged 15-63 years. The 34 of 66 patients underwent lateral ligament reconstruction using autologous peroneus brevis and the rest 32 patients received lateral ligament reconstruction using alogeneic tendon. After reconstruction, reaction time of the peroneous brevis, talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation, visual analog scale score and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At the last folow-up, the visual analog scale score, tilt angle and anterior talar translation were lowered in the two groups compared with the previous (P < 0.05), and the AOFAS scores were increased significantly in the two groups (P < 0.05); the reaction time of the peroneous brevis was increased inthe autologous peroneus brevis group (P < 0.05) and decreased in the alogeneic tendon group (P < 0.05); the above-mentioned indexes had no difference between the two groups. These findings indicate that autologous peroneus brevis and alogeneic tendon have similar effects on the lateral ligament reconstruction in terms of postoperative ankle function, stability and activity levels, but the alogeneic tendon shows advantages on less trauma and shorter operation time.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that bisphosphonates can act on osteosarcoma cels, but the comparative analysis of bisphosphonates and cisplatin, a traditional first-line chemotherapy drug, is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the differences between bisphosphonates and cisplatin to inhibitin vitroproliferation of osteosarcoma cels and induce cel apoptosis. METHODS: Subcultured MG-63 cel lines were intervened with different concentrations of bisphosphonates and cisplatin, respectively, and cels with no treatment served as negative controls (blank group). Cel inhibition rate was detected using MTT method, and cel morphology was observed using fluorescent staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After intervention with different concentrations of bisphosphonates and cisplatin for different time, the growth inhibition rate of MG-63 cels was significantly higher as compared with the blank group (P < 0.05). But there was no difference in the growth inhibition rate between the bisphosphonates and cisplatin groups at 24, 48 and 72 hours (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that bisphosphonates has obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of osteosarcoma celsin vitro, and its inhibitory effect is similar to that of cisplatin.