BACKGROUND:For elderly patients with traumatic hip fractures,the related factors of prognosis are very complex,and the integrity of the lateral wall is one of the influencing factors.It is of important clinical value to understand the effect of lateral wall injury on the prognosis of femoral intertrochanteric fracture. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the relationship between the integrity of the lateral wall and hip functional recovery and other outcomes in patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures. METHODS:Totally 82 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures were screened and all patients received proximal femoral nail antirotation fixation.According to the thickness of the lateral wall,the patients were divided into the lateral wall intact group(n=31)and lateral wall risk group(n=51).The perioperative indexes,weight-bearing time,fracture healing time,hip joint function and range of motion,postoperative pain and complications were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The time of hospitalization and the number of fluoroscopies during operation in the lateral wall intact group were significantly lower than those in the lateral wall risk group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in other perioperative indexes.(2)Both groups were able to get down to the ground early after surgery and finally complete weight-bearing,but in the lateral wall risk group,the time of fracture healing was longer;the time of complete weight-bearing was significantly delayed;the Harris score of the last follow-up was lower;the range of motion of hip extension and flexion and neck trunk angle on the affected side were smaller(P<0.05).(3)There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups,but the overall incidence of complications in the lateral wall intact group was significantly lower(P<0.05).(4)In summary,after internal fixation of proximal femoral nail antirotation,patients with the intact lateral wall had a relatively better prognosis than those with risk lateral wall.

Objective A porcine vocal cord injury model was established to analyze and compare the damage range of porcine vocal cords and the repair process after vocal cord injury caused by CO2 laser surgery and radiofre-quency ablation with plasma spot excitation technology.Methods Fifteen pigs,30 sides of vocal cords,were used in this study.The bilateral vocal cords of the same pig were divided into CO2 laser and radiofrequency coblation(RFC)groups respectively.CO2 laser and radiofrequency ablation with plasma spot excitation technology were used to perform ubligamental cordectomy.Three pigs were sacrificed after anesthesia on postoperative day 1 and postop-erative 3,6,9,and 15 weeks.The vocal cords were harvested for HE staining.The depth of edema degeneration zone and the fibrous tissue thickness were measured vertically in the two groups,and the postoperative vocal cord damage range and vocal cord repair process were compared between the two groups.Results The depth of edema degeneration zone in the CO2 laser group was deeper than that in the RFC group at 1 day postoperatively(P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the depth of the edema degeneration zone between the two groups at the 3rd,6th,and 9th weeks after operation(P＞0.05).The depth of the edema degeneration zone at 3rd weeks postoperatively was less than that at 1 day postoperatively,and at 6th weeks postoperatively was less than that at 3rd weeks postoperatively for both operation modes(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference be-tween 9th weeks postoperatively and 6th weeks postoperatively(P＞0.05).At the 15th week after operation,the fibrous tissue thickness of the vocal fold lamina propria in the RFC group was thinner than that in the CO2 laser group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Radiofrequency ablation with plasma spot excitation technology causes less damage to porcine vocal fold than CO2 laser.There is no significant difference between the two operation modes in terms of postoperative repair process,while the fibrous tissue in the lamina propria of the vocal fold is thinner in the RFC group when a vocal fold scar is formed.

BACKGROUND: 3D-printing is widely used in regenerative medicine and is expected to achieve vaginal morphological restoration and true functional reconstruction. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exos) were applyed in the regeneration of various tissues. The current study aimed to explore the effctive of MSCs-Exos in vaginal reconstruction. METHODS: In this work, hydrogel was designed using decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and silk fibroin (SF). The biological scaffolds were constructed using desktop-stereolithography.The physicochemical properties of the hydrogels were evaluated; Some experiments have been conducted to evaluate exosomes’ effect of promotion vaginal reconstruction and to explore the mechanism in this process. RESULTS: It was observed that the sustained release property of exosomes in the hydrogel both in vitro and in vitro.The results revealed that 3D scaffold encapsulating exosomes expressed significant effects on the vascularization and musule regeneration of the regenerative vagina tissue. Also, MSCs-Exos strongly promoted vascularization in the vaginal reconstruction of rats, which may through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The use of exosome-hydrogel composites improved the epithelial regeneration of vaginal tissue, increased angiogenesis, and promoted smooth muscle tissue regeneration. 3D-printed, lumenal scaffold encapsulating exosomes might be used as a cell-free alternative treatment strategy for vaginal reconstruction.

BACKGROUND: Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a severe congenital disorder characterized by vaginal hypoplasia caused by dysplasia of the Müllerian duct. Patients with MRKH syndrome often require nonsurgical or surgical treatment to achieve satisfactory vaginal length and sexual outcomes. The extracellular matrix has been successfully used for vaginal reconstruction. METHODS: In this study, we developed a new biological material derived from porcine vagina (acellular vaginal matrix, AVM) to reconstruct the vagina in Bama miniature pigs. The histological characteristics and efficacy of acellularization of AVM were evaluated, and AVM was subsequently transplanted into Bama miniature pigs to reconstruct the vaginas. RESULTS: Macroscopic analysis showed that the neovaginas functioned well in all Bama miniature pigs with AVM implants. Histological analysis and electrophysiological evidence indicated that morphological and functional recovery was restored in normal vaginal tissues. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the neovaginas had mucosal folds characteristics of normal vagina. No significant differences were observed in the expression of CK14, HSP47, and a-actin between the neovaginas and normal vaginal tissues. However, the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) was significantly lower in the neovaginas than in normal vaginal tissues. In addition, AVM promoted the expression of b-catenin, c-Myc, and cyclin D1. These results suggest that AVM might promotes vaginal regeneration by activating the b-catenin/cMyc/cyclin D1 pathway. CONCLUSION This study reveals that porcine-derived AVM has potential application for vaginal regeneration.

Objective To evaluate the effects of intraperitoneal injection of sodium iodate on the physiological indexes and retinal histopathological characteristics of SD rats comprehensively. Methods A total of 64 rats were randomly divided into negative control group and model group, half male and half female. The model group was intraperitoneally injected with 6 mg/mL sodium iodate once at the dose of 10 mL/kg and the negative control group was injected with 10 mL/kg 0.9% NaCl once. The body weight of all surviving rats was detected on the day of injection (0 day) and the 2nd, 6th, 9th, 13th, 16th, 20th, 23rd, 27th, 29th, 36th, 43rd, 50th and 57th days after injection. On the 3rd, 7th, 21st, 28th, 41st and 62nd days after injection, the rats were randomly selected (12 rats in each group on the 28th day, and 4 rats in each group at other time points, those in each group were half male and half female) for serum biochemical indexes detection. The organs were dissected and weighed, and then the main organs and tissues were stained with HE, and the eyes were stained with HE and TUNEL. Blood routine indexes were detected on the 28th and 62nd day after injection. Results After injection of sodium iodate, 88% of the rats in the model group had transient loose stools. During the observation period, the body weight of the rats increased slightly and was more obvious in male rats. On the 28th day after injection, compared with the negative control group, the red blood cell volume (RDW) of female rats and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), reticulocyte count (Retic#) and reticulocyte percentage (Retic%) of male rats in the model group increased significantly (all P＜0.05). The white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT) of male and female rats showed decreasing trends, but there were no significant differences between the two groups (all P >0.05). The thymus weight and coefficient of male rats in the model group were smaller than those in the negative control group except for the 7th day after injection, but there were no significant differences between the two groups (all P ＞0.05). Histopathological examination showed that the retina of the model group gradually developed from wavy changes to abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG)-like changes, with disordered arrangement of each layer, focal thinning of the outer nuclear layer, and apoptosis of the outer nuclear layer of the retina. The incidence of lesions, lesion score and the number of apoptotic cells in the model group were significantly higher than or more than those in the negative control group at the same time, and the difference between the groups on the 28th day was statistically significant (all P＜0.01). Conclusion In addition to retinal degeneration in rats, intraperitoneal injection of sodium iodate also had a certain degree of influence on serum biochemical and blood routine indexes, and also showed a slight slow growth of body weight and transient changes in fecal traits. Therefore, when using this model to evaluate drug safety, the effects of modeling reagents on animals should be paid to attention.

OBJECTIVE To study the absorption characteristics of phenylpropanoids of Mongolian medicine Tabson-2 decoction(TBD) in Caco-2 cells and to preliminarily clarify the oral absorption mechanism of TBD. METHODS Caco-2 cell monolayer model was used to analyze the uptake components of TBD in Caco-2 cells by UPLC-MS/MS, and UPLC-MS/MS analysis method was established to determine the nine best absorbed components of TBD, protocatechuic acid, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptogenic acid, 1,5-dicaffeinate quinic acid, isochlorogenic acid C, caffeic acid, dihydrocaffeic acid, chlorogenic acid. The effects of time, concentration and P-glycoprotein inhibitor on the absorption of each component were investigated. RESULTS The overall intake of caffeic acid and dihydrocaffeic acid showed an upward trend in 0-180 min, and did not show saturation. The absorption of 3-hydroxycinnamic acid was constant at about 90 min and tended to saturation. The intakes of cryptochlorogenic acid, 1,5-dicaffeinate, quinic acid, isochlorogenic acid C, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid and protocatechuic acid first decreased and then increased with time from about 90 min. The addition of P-glycoprotein inhibitor verapamil and cyclosporin A had an effect on the absorption of dihydrocaffeic acid compared with the phenylpropanoid components, indicated that dihydrocaffeic acid was the substrate of P-glycoprotein. CONCLUSION The main phenylpropanoids of TBD enter Caco-2 mainly by passive diffusion, supplemented by active transport, and the absorption process of the other eight components is not affected by the efflux of P-glycoprotein except dihydrocaffeic acid.

The heparin polysaccharide nanoparticles block the interaction between heparan sulfate/S protein and inhibit the infection of both wild-type SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and the mutated strains through pulmonary delivery.Image 1.

Covalent organic nanospheres(CONs)were explored as a fiber coating for solid-phase microextraction of genotoxic impurities(GTIs)from active ingredients(AIs).CONs were synthesized by an easy solution-phase procedure at 25℃.The obtained nanospheres exhibited a high specific surface area,good ther-mostability,high acid and alkali resistance,and favorable crystallinity and porosity.Two types of GTIs,alkyl halides(1-iodooctane,1-chlorobenzene,1-bromododecane,1,2-dichlorobenzene,1-bromooctane,1-chlorohexane,and 1,8-dibromooctane)and sulfonate esters(methyl p-toluenesulfonate and ethyl p-toluenesulfonate),were chosen as target molecules for assessing the performance of the coating.The prepared coating achieved high enhancement factors(5097-9799)for the selected GTIs.The strong affinity between CONs and GTIs was tentatively attributed to T-T and hydrophobicity interactions,large surface area of the CONs,and size-matching of the materials.Combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),the established analytical method detected the GTIs in capecitabine and imatinib mesylate samples over a wide linear range(0.2-200 ng/g)with a low detection limit(0.04-2.0 ng/g),satisfactory recovery(80.03％-109.5％),and high repeatability(6.20％-14.8％)and reproducibility(6.20％-14.1％).Therefore,the CON-coated fibers are promising alternatives for the sensitive detection of GTIs in AI samples.

Ex vivo-expanded mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have been demonstrated to be a heterogeneous mixture of cells exhibiting varying proliferative,multipotential,and immunomodu-latory capacities.However,the exact characteristics of MSCs remain largely unknown.By single-cell RNA sequencing of 61,296 MSCs derived from bone marrow and Wharton's jelly,we revealed five distinct subpopulations.The developmental trajectory of these five MSC subpopulations was mapped,revealing a differentiation path from stem-like active proliferative cells(APCs)to multipotent progenitor cells,followed by branching into two paths:1)unipotent preadipocytes or 2)bipotent prechondro-osteoblasts that were subsequently differentiated into unipotent prechondro-cytes.The stem-like APCs,expressing the perivascular mesodermal progenitor markers CSPG4/MCAM/NES,uniquely exhibited strong proliferation and stemness signatures.Remarkably,the prechondrocyte subpopulation specifically expressed immunomodulatory genes and was able to sup-press activated CD3+T cell proliferation in vitro,supporting the role of this population in immunoregulation.In summary,our analysis mapped the heterogeneous subpopulations of MSCs and identified two subpopulations with potential functions in self-renewal and immunoregulation.Our findings advance the definition of MSCs by identifying the specific functions of their heteroge-neous cellular composition,allowing for more specific and effective MSC application through the purification of their functional subpopulations.

Objective: To study the effects of Phellodendron amurense on herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and cytokines, and to explore the mechanism of Phellodendron amurense inhibiting HSV-1 virus through multiple channels. Methods: Viruses were inoculated into medicine treated HeLa cells. The proliferation of virus was observed by fluorescence microscopy. The transcriptional levels of glycoprotein gD and functional protein US1 on the surface of virus envelope were detected by quantitative (q) PCR. After incubating HeLa cells for 24 h, qPCR was used to detect the expression of intrinsic immune factors such as IP-10, IL-12, IFN-gamma and transcription factor NF-kappa B (P65). The expression and nuclear location of NF-kappa B (P65) protein were detected by immunofluorescence. Results: Fluorescence showed that the proliferation of virus decreased significantly at 8 and 40 ng/ml (P<0.01), and the transcription levels of viral protein gD and US1 decreased (P<0.05). After incubation for 24 hours, the transcription levels of IP-10, IL-12 and IFN-gamma in HeLa cells increased significantly (P<0.01). The transcription level of transcription factor NF-kappa B (P65) also increased (P<0.05), and immunofluorescence showed that the nuclear penetration rate of p65 subunit of NF-kappa B (P65) in each group increased (P<0.05). Conclusions Phellodendron amurense extract can inhibit HSV-1 by inhibiting the transcription of viral functional protein and promoting the expression of cellular immune factors.