Dyslipidemia is a common metabolic disease caused by abnormal lipoprotein metabolism in human body. According to pathogenesis， it is divided into primary dyslipidemia and secondary dyslipidemia. The former is caused by genetic defects， and the latter is caused by diseases， drugs， unhealthy diets， and lifestyle. The clinical manifestations are xanthoma， arteriosclerosis， and other symptoms of coronary heart disease and peripheral vascular disease. Dyslipidemia can cause a variety of diseases， such as cardiovascular disease， diabetes， and cancer， seriously threatening people's quality of life and life safety， so the research on drugs against dyslipidemia is more urgent. In spite of manifest efficacy， chemical antilipemic agents such as lovastatin are accompanied by some adverse reactions， and there is recurrence after drug withdrawal. Compared with chemical drugs， Chinese medicine has the advantages of multi-pathway， multi-target， multi-level regulation of dyslipidemia， with few side effects. Modern medical research has shown that Chinese medicine can affect lipid synthesis， decomposition， and absorption and improve liver lipid and bile acid metabolism by regulating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor （PPAR） signaling pathway， AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK） signaling pathway， cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP） signaling pathway， adipocytokine signaling pathway， farnesoid X receptor （FXR）/small heterodimer partner （SHP） signaling pathway， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway， etc.， thereby exerting a role in lowering lipid. Therefore， this paper summarized the mechanism of effective components in Chinese medicine in lowering blood lipid to provide new ideas and a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of lipid metabolic diseases by Chinese medicine in clinical practice.

Tinosporae Radix， as a traditional Chinese medicinal herb， is the dried root tuber of Tinospora sagittata or T. capillipes. It was first recorded in the Compendium of Materia Medica Supplement in the Qing Dynasty and included in the previous edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Tinosporae Radix is excavated in autumn and winter and used after removing fibrous roots， washing， and drying. It is indicated for sore throat， carbuncle boils poison， waist and abdominal pain， and various heat syndromes and is commonly used to treat chronic inflammation. Its efficacy is significantly known as “broad-spectrum antibiotics in Zhuang medicine”. Tinosporae Radix is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb often taken by Zhuang and Yao nationalities in Guangxi province and has a wide range of application and development values and research significance. Modern studies have shown that Tinosporae Radix contains diterpenoids， alkaloids， sterols， anthraquinones， glycosides， fatty acids， volatile oils， and other compounds， which have many pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory and analgesic， antibacterial and antibacterial， antioxidant， anti-diabetic， and anti-tumor and anti-cancer effects， and it has achieved good efficacy in inhibiting inflammation and treating sore throat and other diseases. In recent years， there have been many research reports on the status， chemical constituents， pharmacological action， clinical application， and quality evaluation of Tinosporae Radix resources， but there is no systematic review and introduction at present. By consulting the literature and combining it with modern research， this paper systematically summarizes and collates Tinosporae Radix resources to provide guidance for the comprehensive development and utilization of Tinosporae Radix resources and subsequent in-depth study.

[摘 要] 目的：采用基于中国人群单核苷酸多态性位点开发的同源重组缺陷（HRD）检测工具评估云南地区卵巢癌患者的HRD状态和BRCA1/2基因突变频率并探讨其临床意义。方法：共纳入2021年1月至2023年5月间在云南省肿瘤医院收治的卵巢癌患者248例，HRD状态采用基因组瘢痕评分法（GSS）（主要依据拷贝数的长度、类型、位置及基因组断片）或HRD评分法（杂合性缺失、端粒等位基因失衡及大片段移位等基因组不稳定事件的总和）进行评估，当组织样本的GSS≥50分或HRD评分≥42分者或检测到有害的BRCA1/2基因突变时HRD被定义为阳性。分析患者HRD状态与临床病理特征的关系。结果：248名卵巢癌患者中70.97%的患者HRD呈阳性，其中BRCA1/2基因突变率为30.65%。Ⅲ~Ⅵ期、高级别浆液腺癌的卵巢癌患者具有更高的HRD阳性率（均P<0.01），HRD评分更高的患者其合并其他基因突变的频率也越高（P<0.05）。HRD状态与卵巢癌的病理类型、临床分期和其他基因突变均有关联（均P<0.01）。结论：云南地区卵巢癌患者HRD阳性率较高，HRD阳性的卵巢癌患者可以从聚ADP核糖聚合酶（PARP）抑制剂治疗中获得更大的收益。

Ischemic stroke(IS)is the main cause of neurological dysfunction in adults in China,and rapid,timely,and accurate prediction of post-stroke outcome and intervention treatment are crucial.Currently,the prognosis of ischemic stroke mainly relies on neuroimaging and clinical assessment,and there is still a lack of objective and simple rapid prediction tools.Recent studies have shown that early measurement of peripheral blood-derived biomarkers may be able to predict stroke patient outcomes,thereby optimizing stroke management,improving patient rehabilitation,and improving stroke outcomes.This article reviews the progress of studies on the correlation between peripheral blood biomarkers and clinical prognosis of ischemic stroke.

In recent years, exosomes have been gradually concerned, and exosome-derived microRNA (exo-microRNA) have been widely used in the early diagnosis as non-invasive biomarkers with a great potential.There are abundant exosomes in the blood released by platelets, arterial endothelial cells and other cell types, and the external membrane of exosomes also has the unique advantages of protecting exo-microRNA and other contents from biological enzyme hydrolysis and stabilizing them in human body fluids.Therefore, exosomes and exo-microRNA are of great significance in the early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, cell regeneration, and cardiac protection.This review focuses on the structure and biogenesis of exosomes, the mechanism of exo-microRNA, and the relevant research progress of exo-microRNA in treatment of pediatric cardiovascular diseases in recent years.

Objective:To investigate the effect of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on the status of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and provide data for clarifying the relationship between autoimmunity and infection.Methods:SLE patients in the department of rheumatology and immunology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2016 to December 2019 were screened. A retrospective case-control study was carried out. SLE patients with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were gender and age matched with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in a 1∶4 ratio. Chi-square test was used to compared the positive rates of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and Paired-Samples t test or Signed rank Wilcoxon test was used to compare the HBV DNA load and HBsAg titer. Results:The positive rate of HBsAg in SLE patients was lower than the prevalence rate of HBsAg in general population in the second Chinese National Hepatitis Seroepidemiological Survey in 2006 [2.2%(27/1 227) vs 7.2%], but the positive rate of HBcAb was not obviously different from that in general population in China [33.9%(416/1 227) vs 34.1%]. Compared with matched CHB patients, the positive rate of HBeAg [37.0%(10/27) vs 58.3%(63/108), χ2=3.94, P=0.047], the HBV DNA load [0(0, 3.7) lg U/ml vs 4.8(2.2, 3.7) lg U/ml, Z=-5.37, P<0.001] and HBsAg titer [(2.0±1.5) lg U/ml vs (3.3±1.1) lg U/ml, t=-4.26, P<0.001] in SLE patients were lower. Conclusion:The HBV infection status of SLE patients is different from that of patients with chronic hepatitis B and the HBV infection is more likely to be controlled.

Objective:To analyze the epidemic characteristics of Cornona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wangkui County, Heilongjiang Province, and to provide a reference for optimizing epidemic prevention and control strategies.Methods:The epidemic characteristics of COVID-19 in Wangkui County, Heilongjiang Province in January 2021 were analyzed by applying the national infectious disease report system and information management system of Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the public health emergency report management information system, the epidemiological investigation report of the Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Suihua Municipal Certer for Disease Control and Prevention, and the epidemic information publicly released by the Health Commission of Heilongjiang Province.Results:From January 9 to February 5, 2021, 804 cases infected with Cornona virus were reported in Wangkui County, with an infection rate of 280.29/100 000. The epidemic affected 20 districts and counties in 6 cities, including Suihua, Harbin, Mudanjiang, Qiqihar, Yichun and Daqing. The sex ratio of male to female was 1.08 ∶ 1.00 (418 ∶ 386), the age ranged from 3 months to 93 years old, and the median age was 50 years old. The proportion of confirmed cases and asymptomatic infection was 1.23 ∶ 1.00 (444 ∶ 360), there were significant differences in gender, age and occupation between them ( P < 0.05). There were 314 places where the aggregation epidemic occurred, with family aggregation as the main way (300 households, 95.54%). The places with the highert average number of cases were banquets (25.75 cases/place) and grocery stores/chess and card rooms (16.00 cases/place). Conclusions:In January 2021, the epidemic of COVID-19 in Wangkui County is a typical outbreak in rural areas of North China. The main reasons for the rapid spread of the epidemic are a large number of gathering activities, frequent contact of personnel in confined spaces and other factors.

Hypoxia conditioning could increase the survival of transplanted neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) in rats with cerebral ischemia but could also hinder neuronal differentiation partly by suppressing mitochondrial metabolism. In this work, the mitochondrial metabolism of hypoxia-conditioned NPCs (hcNPCs) was upregulated via the additional administration of resveratrol, an herbal compound, to resolve the limitation of hypoxia conditioning on neuronal differentiation. Resveratrol was first applied during the in vitro neuronal differentiation of hcNPCs and concurrently promoted the differentiation, synaptogenesis, and functional development of neurons derived from hcNPCs and restored the mitochondrial metabolism. Furthermore, this herbal compound was used as an adjuvant during hcNPC transplantation in a photothrombotic stroke rat model. Resveratrol promoted neuronal differentiation and increased the long-term survival of transplanted hcNPCs. 18-fluorine fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and rotarod test showed that resveratrol and hcNPC transplantation synergistically improved the neurological and metabolic recovery of stroke rats. In conclusion, resveratrol promoted the neuronal differentiation and therapeutic efficiency of hcNPCs in stroke rats via restoring mitochondrial metabolism. This work suggested a novel approach to promote the clinical translation of NPC transplantation therapy.
Animals ; Brain Ischemia/drug therapy* ; Cell Differentiation ; Hypoxia ; Neurons ; Rats ; Resveratrol/pharmacology*

Objective:To study the biological behavior of nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cells and to explore the activation of Ras signaling pathway regulated by CD44.Methods:CNE2-SC and 5-8F-SC were nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cells and obtained by serum-free suspension culture. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, colony formation assay, Transwell migration assay, cell adhesion array were used to investigate the growth, proliferation, migration and adhesion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cells. Western blot test was used to detect the expressions of Ras signaling pathway related proteins and siRNA-mediated interference was used to determine the activation of Ras signaling pathway regulated by CD44.Results:The growth rates of CNE2-SC and 5-8F-SC cells were significantly lower than those of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells at 24, 48 and 72 hours after inoculation ( P<0.05). After 14 days of implantation, the colony formation rates of CNE2-SC (44.5±1.9)% and 5-8F-SC (47.4±1.8)% were higher than those of CNE2 (34.9±1.5)% and 5-8F (37.2±1.7)%, respectively( P<0.01). The migration cell number of CNE2-SC was (87.6±7.8), 3.97 times higher than that of CNE2 ( P<0.01). The migration cell number of 5-8F-SC was (67.2±5.7), 3.07 times higher than 5-8F ( P<0.01). The adhesion rates of CNE2-SC and CNE2 cells were (42.1±7.6)% and (8.9±2.0)%, respectively at 3 hours after inoculation and were (82.4±5.0)% and (12.1±2.2)% at 6 hours after inoculation, respectively. The adhesion rate of CNE2-SC cells was higher than that of CNE2 cells (all P<0.01). The adhesion rates of 5-8F-SC and 5-8F cells were (53.6±6.1)% and (7.3±1.5)% at 3 hours after inoculation, and (90.7±3.6)% and (11.0±1.2)% at 6 hours after inoculation, respectively. The adhesion rate of 5-8F-SC cells was higher than that of 5-8F cells ( P<0.01). The expression levels of CD44, Ras and N-cadherin were significantly higher, while phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), E-cadherin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cells were lower than those of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Furthermore, the levels of phosphorylated mitogen extracellular kinase1/2 (p-MEK1/2) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase1/2 (p-ERK1/2)were significantly increased in nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cells ( P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that the protein expression levels of CD44 was highly positively correlated with RAS in nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cells( r=0.985, P=0.002; r=0.962, P=0.038). Deletion of CD44 in CNE2-SC decreased the expression levels of HER-2, Ras and p-ERK1/2, p-Akt and phosphorylated protein kinase C-δ(p-PKCδ) ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Despite compare to the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell, nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cells grows at a relatively slow rate, the capacities of clone formation, migration, adhesion are promoted. This may be related to the CD44-regulated abnormal activation of Ras signaling pathway.

Objective:To study the biological behavior of nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cells and to explore the activation of Ras signaling pathway regulated by CD44.Methods:CNE2-SC and 5-8F-SC were nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cells and obtained by serum-free suspension culture. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, colony formation assay, Transwell migration assay, cell adhesion array were used to investigate the growth, proliferation, migration and adhesion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cells. Western blot test was used to detect the expressions of Ras signaling pathway related proteins and siRNA-mediated interference was used to determine the activation of Ras signaling pathway regulated by CD44.Results:The growth rates of CNE2-SC and 5-8F-SC cells were significantly lower than those of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells at 24, 48 and 72 hours after inoculation ( P<0.05). After 14 days of implantation, the colony formation rates of CNE2-SC (44.5±1.9)% and 5-8F-SC (47.4±1.8)% were higher than those of CNE2 (34.9±1.5)% and 5-8F (37.2±1.7)%, respectively( P<0.01). The migration cell number of CNE2-SC was (87.6±7.8), 3.97 times higher than that of CNE2 ( P<0.01). The migration cell number of 5-8F-SC was (67.2±5.7), 3.07 times higher than 5-8F ( P<0.01). The adhesion rates of CNE2-SC and CNE2 cells were (42.1±7.6)% and (8.9±2.0)%, respectively at 3 hours after inoculation and were (82.4±5.0)% and (12.1±2.2)% at 6 hours after inoculation, respectively. The adhesion rate of CNE2-SC cells was higher than that of CNE2 cells (all P<0.01). The adhesion rates of 5-8F-SC and 5-8F cells were (53.6±6.1)% and (7.3±1.5)% at 3 hours after inoculation, and (90.7±3.6)% and (11.0±1.2)% at 6 hours after inoculation, respectively. The adhesion rate of 5-8F-SC cells was higher than that of 5-8F cells ( P<0.01). The expression levels of CD44, Ras and N-cadherin were significantly higher, while phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), E-cadherin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cells were lower than those of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Furthermore, the levels of phosphorylated mitogen extracellular kinase1/2 (p-MEK1/2) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase1/2 (p-ERK1/2)were significantly increased in nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cells ( P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that the protein expression levels of CD44 was highly positively correlated with RAS in nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cells( r=0.985, P=0.002; r=0.962, P=0.038). Deletion of CD44 in CNE2-SC decreased the expression levels of HER-2, Ras and p-ERK1/2, p-Akt and phosphorylated protein kinase C-δ(p-PKCδ) ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Despite compare to the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell, nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cells grows at a relatively slow rate, the capacities of clone formation, migration, adhesion are promoted. This may be related to the CD44-regulated abnormal activation of Ras signaling pathway.