Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) resources are the essential material foundation for the development of TCM. The national survey of TCM resources serves as a periodic summary of these resources, ensuring the continuity, prosperity, and development of TCM in China. Since 1949, four national surveys of TCM resources have been conducted. The fourth survey incorporated an investigation into traditional knowledge related to TCM resources, including the traditional medicinal knowledge of Chinese ethnic minorities, with the goal of systematically exploring, preserving, and inheriting this knowledge. This manuscript provides an overview of the basic findings from the first three national surveys of TCM resources, while also clarifying the concepts, categories, forms, carriers, and acquisition pathways of traditional knowledge related to TCM resources. A preliminary summary of the findings from traditional knowledge investigations reported in current literature is also presented. Based on the fourth survey, this manuscript emphasizes the urgency of developing public medical knowledge through empirically-based investigations, the excavation, and compilation of traditional knowledge. It also outlines the potential for conducting "precise" investigations based on first-hand data obtained from the survey, as well as facilitating the discovery and evaluation of new medicines using traditional knowledge related to ethnic minority medicinal practices. This manuscript is expected to provide valuable insights for promoting the health and industrial development of ethnic minority populations in the post-"survey" phase.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; China/ethnology* ; Minority Groups ; Ethnicity ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice/ethnology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To review the role and research progress of mechanotransduction signaling pathway in distraction osteogenesis, so as to provide theoretical basis and reference for clinical treatment. METHODS: The role and research progress of mechanotransduction signaling pathway in distraction osteogenesis were summarized by extensive review of relevant literature at home and abroad. RESULTS: The mechanotransduction signaling pathway plays a central role of "sensation-transformation-execution" in distraction osteogenesis, and activates a series of molecular mechanisms to promote the regeneration and remodeling of bone tissue by integrating external mechanical signals. Mechanical stimuli are converted into mechanotransduction signals through the perception of integrins, Piezo1 ion channels and bone cell networks. Activate downstream molecules are transduce through signal pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein-Smad, mitogen-activated protein kinase, protein kinase Hippo-Yes-associated protein/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase B, so as to achieve the effects of promoting osteoblasts proliferation, accelerating endochondral ossification, regulating bone resorption and the like, thereby promoting the regeneration of new bone in the distraction area. The study of mechanotransduction signaling pathways in distraction osteogenesis is expected to optimize the mechanical parameters of distraction osteogenesis and provide targeted intervention strategies for accelerating new bone regeneration and mineralization in the distraction zone. However, the specific mechanism of mechanotransduction signaling pathway in distraction osteogenesis remains to be further elucidated, and artificial intelligence and multi-omics analysis may be the future development direction of mechanotransduction signaling pathway. CONCLUSION In distraction osteogenesis, mechanotransduction signal transduction is the core mechanism of bone regeneration in the distraction zone, which regulates cell behavior and tissue regeneration by converting mechanical stimulation into biochemical signals.
Mechanotransduction, Cellular/physiology* ; Osteogenesis, Distraction/methods* ; Humans ; Signal Transduction ; Bone Regeneration ; Animals ; Osteoblasts/metabolism* ; Osteogenesis ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism* ; Ion Channels/metabolism* ; Integrins/metabolism* ; beta Catenin/metabolism* ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/metabolism* ; Smad Proteins/metabolism*

Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for targeted protein degradation. However, the clinical application of PROTACs may be hindered by off-target toxicity resulting from non-tissue-specific protein degradation and ingenious prodrug strategies may open new avenues to addressing this concern. Herein, we propose a light-induced positive feedback strategy to use photodynamic therapy (PDT) to improve the activation efficiency of PROTAC prodrugs, monitor PROTAC release, and combine PROTAC to induce tumor cell apoptosis. In the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, the azo bond in AZO-PRO selectively cleaves, triggering the release of the potent protein degrader PRO and the multifunctional photosensitizer. Once activated, the fluoresce signal of the photosensitizer dramatically recovers, allowing monitoring of prodrug activation. Additionally, upon irradicating the tumor site using near-infrared (NIR) laser, PDT exacerbates tumor hypoxia, further promoting AZO-PRO activation. Our work introduces a novel approach to efficiently track and activate PROTAC prodrugs, enhance their antitumor efficacy, and mitigate off-target systemic toxicity.

Objective To summarize and evaluate the characteristics of current recurrent spontaneous abortion(RSA)animal models at home and abroad,and to provide reference and guidance for the standardized preparation of RSA models.Methods"Recurrent spontaneous abortion"and"animal model"were used as co-keywords in CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,PubMed and Web of Science databases to search the RSA animal experimental literature,covering the period up to January 20,2024,and a total of 1 411 articles were collected.The analysis focused on construction methods and essential elements of RSA animal models,the modeling process and result evaluation,as well as the application of these models in pharmacological and pharmacodynamic research.An Excel table was established for systematic analysis and discussion.Results A total of 138 experimental studies were obtained after screening.In constructing RSA animal models,immunological models were the most widely used in Western medicine(96.92％),with the Clark model being the main one(92.31％).In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)models,70.00％were kidney deficiency-luteal inhibition-syndrome combination models,20.00％were kidney deficiency and blood stasis models,and 10.00％were deficiency-heat syndrome models.Most animals were selected at 6-8 weeks(33.86％)and 8 weeks(32.28％)of age.The majority of animals were paired for mating at 18:00 on the day of cage pairing.In 81.03％of literatures,vaginal plugs were checked once the following morning,with 8:00 being the most common time(17.02％).The most commonly used drug administration cycle was 14 days of continuous gavage after pregnancy.Among the tested drugs,Western drugs were mainly protein-based(29.17％),while TCM drugs were mainly TCM decoction(81.11％).The most frequently used methods for detecting indicators included visual observation of embryos(22.54％),western blot(15.96％),PCR(13.58％),ELISA(12.91％),HE staining(10.80％)and immunohistochemistry(9.39％).Conclusion The etiology of RSA is complex,and corresponding animal models should be established based on different etiologies.Clark model is commonly used in the construction of Western medicine model,while the kidney deficiency-luteal inhibition-syndrome combination model is predominant in TCM.RSA animal model is widely used in related research,but systematic evaluation needs to be strengthened.

Objective:To explore the effect of emotional imagery desensitization therapy on posttraumatic stress disorder among school- age children with fracture, to alleviate the adverse psychological state of the children.Methods:By a randomized controlled trials, a total of 78 school- age children with fracture at the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from July 2021 to July 2023 were divided into experimental group and control group according to the admission time, with 39 cases in each group. Both groups carried out routine care, the control group was given routine psychological intervention, the experimental group implemented emotional imagery desensitization therapy. Before and after 3 months of intervention, the effects was assessed by Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Self-rating Scale (PTSD-SS) and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ), respectively.Results:During the research process, there were 2 cases of dropout in the control group due to disconnection, and 4 cases in the experimental group due to disconnection and voluntary withdrawal. 37 children in the control group [20 males and 17 females, age (9.27 ± 1.62) years], and 35 children in the experimental group [21 males and 14 females, age (9.57 ± 1.63) years] completed the intervention. Before intervention, the difference of PTSD-SS and MCMQ scores between two groups was no statistically significant (all P>0.05). After intervention, the subjective assessment, re-experiencing, avoidance symptoms, hypervigilance, functional impairment factor scores and total PTSD-SS scores were (1.51 ± 1.06), (10.74 ± 3.30), (10.86 ± 2.93), (11.94 ± 3.18), (2.31 ± 1.30), (37.37 ± 6.37) in the experimental group, lower than in the control group (2.08 ± 0.80), (12.92 ± 3.63), (12.73 ± 2.99), (14.65 ± 4.23), (2.97 ± 0.87), (45.35 ± 5.86), the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.53-5.54, all P<0.05). After intervention, the confrontation subscale scores were (23.49 ± 2.48), higher than in the control group (21.89 ± 2.38), the avoidance, acceptance- resignation subscale were (10.31 ± 1.89) and (6.83 ± 1.98), lower than in the control group (11.57 ± 1.79) and (7.86 ± 2.12), the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.79, 2.89, 2.14, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Emotional imagery desensitization therapy can effectively alleviate post- traumatic stress disorder and promote positive coping mode in school-age children with fracture.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of malnutrition in multidrug resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB)patients.Methods A total of 96 MDR-TB patients admitted to Jiangxi Chest Hospital from September 2021 to March 2023 were selected as study objects.The malnutrition status of patients was evaluated by using mini-nutritional assessment short-form,and the basic data of patients were investigated.Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors of malnutrition in MDR-TB patients.Results Of 96 MDR-TB patients,51 cases(53.12%)were malnourished.Logistic regression analysis results showed that age≥60 years old,chronic diseases,insomnia,anxiety and depression,and family dysfunction were all risk factors for malnutrition in MDR-TB patients(P<0.05).Conclusion MDR-TB patients have a high risk of malnutrition,which is affected by age,chronic diseases,sleep status,psychological status,and family function.Nursing programs can be formulated according to the above factors,such as sleep guidance,psychological support,and family intervention,in order to reduce the risk of malnutrition in patients.

Humans ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; Pain Management ; Psychotic Disorders/therapy* ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Treatment Outcome ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Objective: To establish a dynamic syndromic surveillance system in the border areas of Yunnan Province based on information technology, evaluate its effectiveness and timeliness in the response to common communicable disease epidemics and improve the communicable disease prevention and control in border areas. Methods: Three border counties were selected for full coverage as study areas, and dynamic surveillance for 14 symptoms and 6 syndromes were conducted in medical institutions, the daily collection of information about students' school absence in primary schools and febrile illness in inbound people at border ports were conducted in these counties from January 2016 to February 2018 to establish an early warning system based on mobile phone and computer platform for a field experimental study. Results: With syndromes of rash, influenza-like illness and the numbers of primary school absence, the most common communicable disease events, such as hand foot and mouth disease, influenza and chickenpox, can be identified 1-5 days in advance by using EARS-3C and Kulldorff time-space scanning models with high sensitivity and specificity. The system is easy to use with strong security and feasibility. All the information and the warning alerts are released in the form of interactive charts and visual maps, which can facilitate the timely response. Conclusions: This system is highly effective and easy to operate in the detection of possible outbreaks of common communicable diseases in border areas in real time, so the timely and effective intervention can be conducted to reduce the risk of local and cross-border communicable disease outbreaks. It has practical application value.
Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Syndrome ; China ; Cell Phone

Objective:To explore the epidemiology, clinical features and prognosis of pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection in human.Methods:A case of human PRV encephalitis combined with acute retinal necrosis (ARN) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in May 2020 was reported. The epidemiology, clinical features, neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), next-generation sequencing (NGS), treatment and prognosis of human PRV infection were summarized and analyzed with the previous published data.Results:The present case was a 38-year-old man who developed high fever, headache, cognitive decline, recurrent epileptic seizures after butchering a pig. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed lesions in the insular lobes, temporal lobes, cingulate gyrus, frontal lobes, basal ganglia and hippocampus, with more significant signals on the left side. Afterwards, bilateral ARN occurred and resulted in his blindness. PRV DNA was detected from the aqueous humor. By literature review, a total of 20 cases (including this case) were analyzed. Most patients (95%, 19/20) had the history of direct contact with swine. The median incubation period was 7 days. The infection normally caused encephalitis (95%, 19/20), some cases with endophthalmitis (60%, 12/20). Based on the neuroimaging of the 19 patients, the lesions in neuroimaging were mainly in limbic system, especially in insular (17/19) and temporal lobes (17/19). The basal ganglia was often involved (9/19).The PRV-DNA was detected by NGS in CSF or intraocular fluid. Antiviral drugs and adjuvant treatment, including immunoglobulin and/or corticoid therapy, were effective to only few cases. Most patients (90%, 18/20) had the sequelae of severe impairment of daily living (modified Rankin Scale scores≥3).Conclusions:The cardinal clinical characteristics of human PRV infection are progressive panencephalitis and endophthalmitis, with an unfavorable outcome. The history of exposure to sick swine and typical neuroimaging suggest PRV infection. NGS of CSF and/or intraocular fluid is the dependable diagnostic method.

Seed quality plays an important role in the agricultural and animal husbandry production, the effective utilization of genetic resources, the conservation of biodiversity and the restoration and reconstruction of plant communities. Seed aging is a common physiological phenomenon during storage. It is a natural irreversible process that occurs and develops along with the extension of seed storage time. It is not only related to the growth, yield and quality of seed and seedling establishment, but also has an important effect on the conservation, utilization and development of plant germplasm resources. The physiological mechanisms of seed aging are complex and diverse. Most studies focus on conventional physiological characterization, while systematic and comprehensive in-depth studies are lacking. Here we review the recent advances in understanding the physiology of seed aging process, including the methods of seed aging, the effect of aging on seed germination, and the physiological and molecular mechanisms of seed aging. The change of multiple physiological parameters, including seed vigor, electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde content and storage material in the seed, antioxidant enzyme activity and mitochondrial structure, were summarized. Moreover, insights into the mechanism of seed aging from the aspects of transcriptome, proteome and aging related gene function were summarized. This study may facilitate the research of seed biology and the conservation and utilization of germplasm resources.
Germination ; Plants ; Proteome ; Seedlings ; Seeds/genetics*