Polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS） and its resulting infertility is one of the common diseases of gynecology and reproductive endocrinology. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B（PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway is relatively well-studied in the development of intervention in PCOS， and the experiments on PCOS in rats conducted by traditional Chinese medicine through this signaling pathway is also the main direction of mechanistic research. In this paper， 20 articles published in academic journals in the past 5 years were selected through the corresponding criteria， and the objective situation and existing problems of the selected research projects were analyzed from five aspects， namely， baseline data， modeling and treatment， grouping， evaluative indexes， and pharmacodynamic indexes. It is found that there were different degrees of problems in each research project， such as the observation indicators of modeling， criteria for judging the success of the model， the treatment period， the calculation of dosage of prescription/active ingredients and specific dosage were not clearly defined， which could easily lead the bias of the results or reduce the validity of experimental data. Based on this， the list of PCOS rat experimental research operations was formed， involving five categories of experimental rats， model construction， study implementation， outcome measures and analysis and report with a total of 21 operation lists， with a view to provide a reference for the subsequent PCOS experiments related to scientific research and helping to form high-quality results.

Objective:To investigate the facilitators and hindrances of smoking cessation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to provide a basis for developing individualized smoking cessation intervention strategies for COPD patients.Methods:Based on the health ecology theory and using a phenomenological approach in qualitative research, purposive sampling was used to select 15 COPD patients with smoking history who were admitted to Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital from March to May 2023 and face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted. Colaizzi seven-step analysis was used to analyze the interview content.Results:A total of 15 COPD patients were interviewed, including 13 males and 2 females, aged 61-75 years old. The facilitators of smoking cessation in COPD patients included complications, sequelae of novel coronavirus infection, fear of death, smoking cessation counseling by medical staff, heavy family financial burden, and smoke-free environment. The hindrances of smoking cessation in COPD patients included milder disease symptoms of COPD, higher levels of nicotine dependence, false disease-related perceptions, family supervision and control, and occupational experience.Conclusions:Smoking cessation in COPD patients is influenced by five factors: personal characteristics, behavioral characteristics, interpersonal network, living and working conditions, and policy environment. Medical staff and relevant national institutions should formulate corresponding smoking cessation strategies according to address the facilitators and hindrances of smoking cessation in COPD patients, so as to further reduce the smoking prevalence of COPD patients, promote the health of patients and reduce the burden of disease.

Objective To evaluate the value of intrathecal synthetic related markers in patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI),Alzheimer's disease(AD),and other types of dementia.Methods Retrospec-tively collect the clinical data of 577 patients diagnosed with MCI(MCI group,178 cases),AD(AD group,131 cases),and other types of dementia(other types group,268 cases)from June 2019 to July 2023 in Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University.Oligoclonal zone electrophoresis(OCB)and 24 h intrathecal pro-tein synthesis rate(ISR)of each group were investigated,and the difference of different indexes among the groups was compared to evaluate the value of related indexes in the differential diagnosis of different diseases.Results Compared with AD group and other groups,AD group had a higher proportion of females,more patients were＞50-70 years old,and the incidence of abnormal lipid metabolism was higher,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in OB(S),cerebrospinal fluid albumin,serum albumin and cerebrospinal flu-id IgG in different disease groups(P＜0.05).IgG index and ISR in patients with positive SOB(CSF)were higher than those in negative and weakly positive patients,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).IgG index was positively correlated with ISR(r=0.878,P＜0.001).Conclusion Intrathecal synthetic mark-ers such as IgG index,SOB(CSF)and 24 h ISR have synergistic effects in the diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction and various dementias,which can be collectively utilized in the diagnosis of diseases.

This study was designed to evaluate the correlation between immune antibodies and pelvic inflammatory disease(PID)using retrospective analysis.Cases were selected from 171 patients who met the diagnosis of PID in Liuzhou People's Hospital of Guangxi Province from January 2022 to March 2023,and the PID patients were further divided into simple PID group(53 cases)and in PID combined with reproductive tract infection group(118 cases)according to the presence or absence of reproductive tract infections,while 83 cases of women who did not meet the specific diagnostic criteria of PID and did not have reproductive tract infections were selected as the control group during the same period.The positive rate of immune antibodies in the three groups were observed and compared to explore the relationship between immune antibodies and PID.Data showed that the positive rates of immune antibodies were significantly higher in the PID alone group and the PID combined with reproductive tract infection group than that in the control group.Furthermore,the positive rate of immune antibody TPOAb was significant difference in the PID combined with reproductive tract infection group and the PID alone group(P<0.05).In conclusion,TPOAb is closely associated with reproductive tract infections.

Objective:To investigate the changes in gray matter volume (GMV) and abnormalities in structural covariant network (SCN) patterns in patients with chronic pontine infarction (PI).Methods:Patients with unilateral chronic PI (case group) with the first onset admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from October 2014 to June 2021 were prospectively included. At the same time, healthy subjects matched with age, gender and education years (normal control group) were included. High-resolution three-dimensional T 1 structural MRI images and behavioral scores of the subjects were collected. The voxel-based morphometry and two-sample t test were used to explore the differences in GMV between the groups. Using GMV differential brain regions as seed points, SCN was constructed to explore the abnormality of structural covariant patterns in patients with PI. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between GMV in differential brain regions and behavioral scores. Results:A total of 60 patients with PI were enrolled, including 33 left PI and 27 right PI, while 34 healthy controls were also enrolled. Compared with the normal control group, the GMV in bilateral posterior cerebellar lobe decreased significantly in the left PI group, and the GMV in left anterior and posterior cerebellar lobes and the right posterior cerebellar lobe decreased significantly in the right PI group (Gaussian random field correction with voxel level P<0.001 and cluster level P<0.05, cluster voxel >20), and there was a significant correlation between GMV values in the left anterior and posterior cerebellar lobes and the right posterior cerebellar lobe and the motor function score ( P<0.05). In addition, compared with the normal control group, the right PI group had broader covariate brain regions and a significant increase in the number of structural connections between covariate brain regions (family-wise error correction with voxel level P<0.05, cluster voxel >20). Conclusions:The GMV in bilateral posterior cerebellar lobe decreases significantly in patients with chronic PI, and were secondary to broader covariate brain regions and structural connections. This may be the neural mechanism of impaired behavioral function in patients with PI.

OBJECTIVE To study the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of the ethanol extract and the drug-containing serum of Zhuang medicine Stahlianthus involucratus on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced RAW264.7 cell inflammation. METHODS The drug-containing serum or blank serum was obtained by intragastrical administration of ethanol extract of S. involucratus （75.35 g/kg） or purified water. Using RAW264.7 cells as objects， RAW264.7 cells were divided into normal control group， LPS group （1 μg/mL）， S. involucratus ethanol extract high-dose， medium-dose and low-dose groups （50， 25， 12.5 μg/mL）， 4% or 15% blank serum groups， 4% or 15% blank serum+LPS groups， 4% or 15% drug-containing serum groups， 4% or 15% drug-containing serum+LPS groups. After culturing for 24 h， cell viability， the contents of nitric oxide tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α）， interleukinand IL-6 as well as mRNA expressions of Toll-like eceptor 4 （TLR4） and nuclear factor κB （NF- κB） and protein expressions of nitric oxide synthase （NOS） and cyclooxygenase 2 （COX-2） were all detected in each group. 0771-4953513。E-mail：zhuhuagx@163.com RESULTS After culturing for 24 h， there was no statisticalsignificance in the difference of cell viability. Compared with normal control group， the contents of NO， TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-6， mRNA expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB， and protein expressions of NOS and COX-2 were increased significantly in LPS group （P＜0.05）. Compared with 4% or 15% blank serum groups， the levels of above indexes were increased significantly in 4% or 15% blank serum+LPS groups （P＜0.05）. Compared with LPS group， the levels of above indexes were decreased significantly in S. involucratus ethanol extract groups （P＜0.05）. Compared with 4% or 15% blank serum+LPS groups， the levels of above indexes were decreased significantly in 4% or 15% drug-containing serum+LPS groups （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The ethanol extract and the drug-containing serum of S. involucratus can significantly alleviate LPS-induced inflammatory reaction， the mechanism of which may be associated with inhibiting the activity of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway， down-regulating the protein expressions of COX-2 and NOS， and reducing the release of inflammatory factors.

OBJECTIVE To establish the quality standard of the leaves of Litchi chinensis Sonn.. METHODS The identification of medicinal properties, microscopic characteristics, TLC and content determination method of the leaves of Litchi chinensis Sonn. was conducted. The moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash and extract of the leaves of Litchi chinensis Sonn. were determined according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Volume IV), 2020. RESULTS The leaves of Litchi chinensis Sonn. under forest exhibited specific properties in characteristics, microscopic features and TLC results. The moisture content of the medicinal materials was 2.66%-6.42%, the total ash content was 2.96%-4.52%, the acid insoluble ash content was 0.17%-0.94%, the water soluble extract was 15.38%-19.87%, and the alcohol soluble extract was 24.94%-30.33%. The eight components of gallic acid, protocatechin, catechin, epicatechin, rutin, astragalin, quercetin and kaempferol had a good linear relationship in 0.003 3-0.052 0 mg·mL-1, 0.006 9-0.109 6 mg·mL-1, 0.013 0-0.208 0 mg·mL-1, 0.057 5-0.920 0 mg·mL-1, 0.013 4-0.213 6 mg·mL-1, 0.013 2-0.211 2 mg·mL-1, 0.002 9-0.045 6 mg·mL-1, 0.003 6-0.056 8 mg·mL-1(r>0.999). The average sample recovery rate was 97.43%-102.97% and the RSD was 1.70%-2.90%. CONCLUSION The established quality standard of the leaves of Litchi chinensis Sonn. medicinal material has good specificity, accuracy and reproducibility, which can be used for quality control research of the leaves of Litchi chinensis Sonn..

Objectives:To investigate the predictive effect of regional homogeneity (ReHo) from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in acute phase on memory function of chronic phage in ischemic stroke patients and the effects of residual learning (REL) on the predictive performance of machine learning models.Methods:From June 2019 to June 2021, rs-fMRI data of one-week after stroke (acute phase) were collected from 35 first-time ischemic stroke patients, and their memory scores were assessed by the Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT) at 6 months after stroke (chronic phase). Using ReHo from rs-fMRI data in acute phase of ischemic stroke patients, the support vector regression (SVR) and the REL-based SVR (REL-SVR) were constructed to predict the patients’ memory scores at 6 months after stroke, and the performance of the two models was compared using Pearson correlation coefficient.Results:Based on the ReHo from acute phase, the correlation coefficient between the predicted values and the true scores from the SVR model was r=0.524, P=0.001, while the correlation coefficient obtained by the REL-SVR model was r=0.671, P<0.001. Brain regions with relatively higher weights such as Temporal_Pole_Mid_R (weight value: 1.03), Temporal_Mid_R(weight value: 1.03), Temporal_Inf_R (weight value: 1.03), Occipital_Mid_R (weight value: 0.57), Frontal_Mid_L (weight value: 0.32), Frontal_Sup_Medial_L (weight value: 0.53), SupraMarginal_L (weight value: 1.54), Calcarine_L (weight value: 0.65), Lingual_L (weight value: 0.58), Cuneus_L (weight value: 0.65), Precuneus_L (weight value: 0.83), cerebellum(weight value>1.0) made larger contributions to the prediction model. Conclusions:ReHo in the acute-phase can effectively predict memory in the chronic phase of ischemic stroke patients. Furthermore, REL can improve the performance of the traditional SVR model and achieve higher predictive accuracy.

Cohort study is one of the important research methods in analytical epidemiology because of its clear time sequence relationship, which is better than other observational studies in demonstrating causal association. However, screening diagnosis or other methods are often used to exclude the individuals with outcome events during the enrollment process of the subjects in cohort studies. The accuracy of screening diagnosis and the effectiveness of exclusion will affect the accuracy of the baseline status assessment of the subjects included in the study, which may lead to the causal time sequence reversal of exposure-outcome in the estimation of causal effect. Landmark analysis can be used to control reverse causality by excluding subjects with potentially unknown expose-outcome timing. In this paper, we describe the basic principles and analytical steps of landmark analysis, and use data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey to explore the relationship between physical activity and frailty, and introduce the specific application of landmark analysis for the purpose of facilitating its application and inferring causal effects more accurately in cohort studies.

With completing a baseline survey of a large natural population cohort, conducting regular follow-up has become a key factor in further improving the quality of cohort construction and ensuring its sustainable development. Typical cohort follow-up methods include repeat surveys, routine monitoring, and community-oriented surveillance. However, in practical applications, there are often issues such as high costs, difficulty, and high error rates. Telephone follow-up is an important supplementary method to the methods mentioned above, as it has the characteristics of low cost, fast response, and high quality. However, the with difficult organization, quality control is challenging, response rates are low, and management levels vary widely, which limits its widespread use in large-scale population cohort studies. Given the above problems, this study draws on customer relationship management based on the actual needs of the China Northwest Cohort follow-up. It relies on the REDCap electronic data collection platform to build a telephone follow-up management and quality control system. Targeted solutions are provided for key issues in telephone follow-up implementation, including organizational structure, project management, data collection, and process quality control, to improve the quality control level of telephone follow-up comprehensively and thereby enhance the quality and efficiency of follow-up. We hope to provide standardized follow-up programs and efficient quality control tools for newly established and existing cohort studies.