BACKGROUND:To date,the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis is still unknown,and there are limited treatment options available.Numerous studies have found an important role of non-coding RNAs in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. OBJECTIVE:To review the regulatory role of non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis in recent years,in order to provide a more in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS:The first author searched the literature published from 2000 to 2024 by computer,and searched CNKI,WanFang,VIP,and PubMed databases using the search terms of"non-coding RNA,microRNA,long-chain non-coding RNA,circular RNA,pulmonary fibrosis,review"in Chinese and English.Finally,65 articles were included according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Pulmonary fibrosis,as a chronic and usually fatal lung disease,may arise not only spontaneously but also be as a secondary consequence of other diseases.It is mainly characterized by abnormal proliferation and massive accumulation of extracellular matrix in the interstitium of the lungs.Non-coding RNAs are RNA molecules transcribed from the genomes that are not involved in protein-coding processes and by virtue of their regulatory capabilities,they have become first-line molecular players in a variety of biological phenomena.Non-coding RNAs have been found to play a key role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis,and microRNAs,long non-coding RNAs,and circular RNAs can be involved in the development of pulmonary fibrosis by influencing gene expression,post-transcriptional modifications,and intercellular signaling.This provides a new direction for the subsequent exploration of the specific molecular mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis,and a theoretical basis and new ideas for the development of new targeted drugs for pulmonary fibrosis.