OBJECTIVE To study the structural characteristics of purified polysaccharide isolated from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua and explore its anti-fatigue and intestinal bacteria improvement effects,so as to provide theoretical basis for the development of products using this polysaccharide as functional ingredients.METHODS PMP pre-column derivatization-high performance liquid chromatography,trimethylsilyl ether derivatization-gas chromatography and other methods were used to chemically characterize the pu-rified polysaccharide;the mouse weight-loading swimming test and biochemical indicators were used to evaluate its anti-fatigue effect;16S rRNA intestinal flora sequencing was adopted to study the effect of the purified product in improving intestinal bacteria.RESULTS The obtained polysaccharide was a fructan product and contained small amounts of glucose(Glc),galactose(Gal),arabinose(Ara),mannose(Man),rhamnose(Rha)and galacturonic acid(GalA),which had a relative molecular mass in the range of 0.4-285 kDa,and the molecular weight of the main component was around 3 kDa.Compared with the model group,the high-dose polysaccha-ride group could significantly prolong the exhaustive swimming time of mice(P＜0.01),reduce the levels of BUN and UA in serum and the LA(P＜0.01)and MDA levels(P＜0.05)in muscle tissue,and enhance SOD(P＜0.01),GSH-Px(P＜0.001)and CAT(P＜0.05)levels in liver tissue.Compared with the blank control group,the low-dose polysaccharide group could increase the relative a-bundance of probiotics Eggerthelaceae(g_unclassified_f_Eggerthelaceae)and Weissella(g_Weissella)in the fecal microorganisms of mice(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION The chemical composition of purified polysaccharide isolated from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is determined,and it is proven that the polysaccharide has a good anti-fatigue effect and can promote the growth of probiotics in the intes-tine,which provides a basis for product development using this polysaccharide as a functional ingredient.

To develop a caregiver parenting behavior scale for children aged 2 to 6 years, and to verify its reliability and validity. This study recruited 1 350 caregivers of children aged 2 to 6 years. The item discrimination analysis and exploratory factor analysis were used to analyze the structure, dimensions and items of the scale. Homogeneity reliability, split-half reliability and test-retest reliability were used to analyze the reliability of the scale. Content validity and construct validity were used to analyze the validity of the scale. The results showed that the final scale contained 7 dimensions and 45 items. Cronbach's α coefficient of the total scale was 0.945; the coefficient of split half was 0.899; the test-retest reliability analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between the two tests were 0.893 (total score), 0.854 (social), 0.832 (language), 0.871 (gross motor), 0.893 (fine motor), 0.862 (cognitive), 0.832 (self-care), and 0.872 (sensory). The content validity analysis was carried out by two rounds of expert argumentation using Delphi expert consultation method. The Kendall coefficient of the items score in two rounds of Delphi expert consultation was 0.813 (P<0.01). The structure validity analysis showed that there were significant correlations between each dimension and the total scale, also between each dimension of the scale, and the extracted average variance values of each dimension was greater than the correlation coefficients between this dimension and other dimensions. In conclusion, the reliability and validity of the scale are qualified. It can be used as a tool to evaluate and guide the parenting behavior of caregivers of children aged 2 to 6 years.
Humans ; Child ; Caregivers/psychology* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Parenting ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Psychometrics/methods*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of "Zhibian" (BL 54)-to-"Shuidao" (ST 28) needle insertion on the ovarian function in the rats with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) and the potential effect mechanism based on the Fas/FADD/Caspase-8 of death receptor pathway. METHODS: Forty-eight female SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a medication group and an acupuncture group, with 12 rats in each group. Except in the blank group, the rats in the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide to establish the POI model. In the acupuncture group, after successful modeling, the intervention was given with "Zhibian" (BL 54)-to- "Shuidao" (ST 28) needle insertion, once daily, 30 min in each intervention; and the duration of intervention was 4 weeks. In the medication group, estradiol valerate tablets were administered intragastrically, 0.09 mg•kg^-1•d^-1, for 4 weeks. The general situation and the estrous cycle of the rats were compared among groups. Using ELISA, the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E₂) in the serum were detected. HE staining was adopted to observe the morphological changes of ovarian tissue of rats. The protein expression of Fas, FADD and Caspase-8 in ovarian tissue was detected with immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS: After modeling, except the rats of the blank group, the rats of the other groups had dry fur, lost hair, low spirits, reduced food intake, increased urination and loose stool. After intervention, the stool became regular gradually in the acupuncture group and the medication group. The percentage of estrous cycle disturbance was increased in the rats of the model group when compared with the blank group (P<0.01); in comparison with the model group, the percentages of estrous cycle disturbance were reduced in the acupuncture group and the medication group after intervention (P<0.01). When compared with the blank group, the body mass and E₂ content in the serum were lower (P<0.01), the levels of FSH and LH in the serum and the protein expression levels of Fas, FADD and Caspase-8 were increased (P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the body mass and E₂ contents in the serum were higher (P<0.01), the levels of FSH and LH in the serum and the protein expression levels of Fas, FADD and Caspase-8 were reduced (P<0.01) in the acupuncture group and the medication group. CONCLUSION "Zhibian" (BL 54)-to-"Shuidao" (ST 28) needle insertion can effectively improve the ovarian function of POI rats, and its effect mechanism may be related to regulating the serum sex hormone levels, reducing the expression of Fas, FADD and Caspase-8 in ovarian tissue and retarding apoptosis of ovarian cells.
Female ; Animals ; Rats ; Needles ; Signal Transduction ; Receptors, Death Domain/metabolism*

Humans ; Kidney/pathology* ; Kidney Neoplasms/surgery* ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms

Objective: To explore the effect of dormant polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC) on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) recurrence and to clarify the role of inhibition of autophagy in inhibiting NPC-PGCC formation and preventing NPC recurrence. Methods: NPC cells-derived PGCC (NPC-PGCC) were induced by paclitaxel (PTX), and the morphology, polyploid characteristics and cell activity of PGCC were identified by light microscopy, immunofluorescence and Live/Dead cell double staining assays. RNA-seq was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes between NPC-PGCC and diploid nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells CNE2. Functional enrichment and pathway annotation analysis of differentially expressed genes were performed using Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The level of autophagy in NPC-PGCC cells was assessed by Western Blot and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The role of autophagy in the formation of NPC-PGCC and the effect of NPC-PGCC on the recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were studied using a highly clinically relevant mouse nasopharyngeal carcinoma recurrence model. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 6 and P-values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: NPC-PGCC induced by paclitaxel had the characteristics of burst-like division after dormancy. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses identified the significant biological processes and pathways mainly concentrated in autophagy and related pathways involving the differentially expressed genes between NPC-PGCC and diploid nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells CNE2. The autophagy level was significantly enhanced in NPC-PGCC cells. In a highly clinically relevant mouse nasopharyngeal carcinoma recurrence model, the number of PGCC in the primary tumor of the nude mice treated with cisplatin were higher than those of the other groups. In nude mice pretreated with autophagy inhibitor and then co-treatment with autophagy inhibitor and cisplatin, the number of PGCC in primary tumors was less and the recurrence rate was significantly lower than in other groups. Conclusions: The mechanism of dormant polyploid giant cancer cells formation is related to autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy can inhibit the formation of PGCC and thus prevent the recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Animals ; Autophagy ; Carcinoma/genetics* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/genetics* ; Cisplatin/pharmacology* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/genetics* ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Paclitaxel/pharmacology* ; Polyploidy

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of five-element music therapy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on the clinical symptoms and the quality of life in the patients with suboptimal health status (SHS) of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency and explore the corresponding specificity changes in the temperature of acupoints when zangfu functions are of dysfunction and recovered to be balanced, separately. METHODS: Sixty patients with SHS of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. In the control group, the conventional health education was provided. In the observation group, on the base of the therapeutic regimen as the control group, the patients received the five-element music therapy to pacify the liver qi and strengthen the spleen functions, once every two days, 30 min each time, 3 treatments a week. The course of treatment consisted of 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the TCM syndrome score and the MOS 36-item short form healthy survey (SF-36) score were compared between the two groups and the clinical therapeutic effect was evaluated. Using infrared thermal imaging, the temperature at the acupoints of the affected organs (liver, spleen), the related organs (gallbladder, stomach) and the other non-related zangfu organs (pericardium, lung) was detected before and after treatment in the two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, the TCM syndrome scores were reduced when compared with those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.01, P<0.05); the reduction in the observation group was larger than that of the control group (P<0.01). The score of each domain for the SF-36 in the observation group and the score of role-emotional domain in the control group were all increased when compared with the scores before treatment (P<0.01, P<0.05); and the score of each domain for the SF-36 in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate was 66.7% (20/30) in the observation group, which was higher than 10.0% in the control group (3/30, P<0.05). In the observation group, the temperature of the yuan-primary point, the back-shu point and the front-mu point related to the liver, as well as those related to the gallbladder after treatment was reduced when compared with the temperature before treatment; and the changes were larger than those of the control group (P<0.01). The temperature of the yuan-primary point, the back-shu point and the front-mu point related to the spleen, as well as the back-shu point and the front-mu point related to the stomach in the observation group was increased when compared with the temperature before treatment (P<0.01); and the changes were larger than those of the control group (P<0.01). For the temperature of the non-specific points related to the liver and spleen, as well as the yuan-primary point, the back-shu point and the front-mu point related to the pericardium and the lung, there was no significant differences when compared with the temperature at the above-mentioned acupoints before and after treatment (P>0.05). CONCLUSION TCM five-element music therapy associated with the conventional health education may effectively relieve the clinical symptoms and improve the quality of life in the patients with suboptimal health status of liver stagnation and sleep deficiency; and the therapeutic effect is better than the simple health education. The changes in the temperature of acupoints may reflect the functional regulation of the related zangfu organs in the body.
Humans ; Acupuncture Points ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Spleen ; Music Therapy ; Quality of Life ; Temperature ; Liver ; Health Status

Objective: To explore and compare the effect of standard or prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) on the long-term prognosis of elderly patients with coronary heart disease complicated with diabetes mellitus after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. Methods: Consecutive patients with diabetes mellitus, ≥65 years old, underwent DES implantation, and had no adverse events within 1 year after operation underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from January to December 2013 in Fuwai Hospital were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. These patients were divided into three groups according to DAPT duration: standard DAPT duration group (11 ≤ DAPT duration≤ 13 months) and prolonged DAPT duration group (1324 months). All the patients were followed up at 1, 6 months, 1, 2 and 5 years in order to collect the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), and type 2 to 5 bleeding events defined by the Federation of Bleeding Academic Research (BARC). MACCE were consisted of all cause death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization or stroke. The incidence of clinical adverse events were compared among 3 different DAPT duration groups, and Cox regression model were used to analyze the effect of different DAPT duration on 5-year long-term prognosis. Results: A total of 1 562 patients were enrolled, aged (70.8±4.5) years, with 398 female (25.5%). There were 467 cases in standard DAPT duration group, 684 cases in 1324 months group. The patients in standard DAPT duration group and the prolonged DAPT duration groups accounted for 29.9% (467/1 562) and 70.1% (1 095/1 562), respectively. The 5-year follow-up results showed that the incidence of all-cause death in 13P=0.011) and DAPT duration>24 month group(4.1%(17/411) vs. 8.6%(40/467),P=0.008) were significantly lower than in standard DAPT group. The incidence of myocardial infarction in 13P=0.002). The incidence of MACCE in 1324 month group were 19.3% (90/467), 12.3% (84/684), 20.2% (83/411), respectively, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of stroke and bleeding events among the three groups (all P>0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that compared with the standard DAPT group, prolonged DAPT to 13-24 months was negatively correlated with MACCE (HR=0.601, 95%CI 0.446-0.811, P=0.001), all-cause death (HR=0.568, 95%CI 0.357-0.903, P=0.017) and myocardial infarction (HR=0.353, 95%CI 0.179-0.695, P=0.003). DAPT>24 months was negatively correlated with all-cause death (HR=0.687, 95%CI 0.516-0.913, P=0.010) and positively correlated with revascularization (HR=1.404, 95%CI 1.116-1.765, P=0.004). There was no correlation between prolonged DAPT and bleeding events. Conclusions: For elderly patients with coronary heart disease complicated with diabetes mellitus underwent DES implantation, and had no MACCE and bleeding events within 1 year after operation, appropriately prolonging of the DAPT duration is related to the reduction of the risk of cardiovascular adverse events. Patients may benefit the most from the DAPT between 13 to 24 months. In addition, prolonging DAPT duration does not increase the incidence of bleeding events in this patient cohort.
Aged ; Coronary Artery Disease/surgery* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drug-Eluting Stents/adverse effects* ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology* ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Stroke ; Treatment Outcome

The paper introduces the placebo acupuncture simulation devices commonly used in clinical trial of acupuncture therapy. These devices are composed of Streitberger, Park, Takakura, Foam and Phantom acupuncture. Because acupuncture therapy is a kind of complex intervention, there are the controversies in methodology for the acupuncture placebo control of clinical trial. Placebo acupuncture may be an effective control, with a certain of specific therapeutic effect. The blinding effect of placebo acupuncture is highly questioned, specially, the sensation of deqi is hardly imitated during acupuncture. On these grounds, in this research, the suggestions has been proposed on the selection and the setting of placebo control in clinical trial of acupuncture therapy.
Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Sensation

Dendrobium officinale can serve as Chinese medicinal material effective in nourishing yin, clearing heat, and producing fluid, and is used to treat throat diseases, but its active substances and mechanism are not clear. To clarify the active fraction and underlying mechanism of D. officinale against chronic pharyngitis(CP), the present study induced a CP model in rats by pepper water combined with low-concentration ammonia, and crude polysaccharides of D. officinale(DOP), non-polysaccharides of D. officinale(DON), and total extract of D. officinale(DOT)(0.33 g·kg~(-1), calculated according to the crude drug) were administered by gavage for six weeks. The changes in oral secretions and pharyngeal conditions of rats with CP were observed and rated. The hematological indicators were determined by an automatic hematology analyzer. The serum levels of pro-inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), interleukin 1β(IL-1β), and interleukin 6(IL-6), and T-lymphocyte cytokines, including interferon γ(IFN-γ), interleukin 4(IL-4), interleukin 17(IL-17), and transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The proportions of CD3~+, CD4~+, and CD8~+cells in peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were determined by the flow cytometry. The histomorphological changes of the pharynx were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The protein expression of nuclear factor-κB P65(NF-κB P65), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), F4/80, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) in the pharynx were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The results showed that DOP and DON could significantly relieve pharyngeal lesions, reduce white blood cells(WBC) and lymphocytes(LYMP), decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and inhibit the protein expression of NF-κB P65, COX-2, F4/80, and MCP-1 in the pharynx. DOP was superior in reducing oral secretions and serum IL-17 level and inferior in increasing CD4~+/CD8~+ratio to DON. It is suggested that both polysaccharides and non-polysaccharides of D. officinale have anti-PC effects and the anti-inflammatory mechanism may be related to the regulation of T lymphocyte distribution and inhibition of the inflammatory signaling pathways mediated by NF-κB P65. The anti-inflammatory effect of DOP may be related to the regulation of Th17/Treg balance, while that of DON may be related to the regulation of the Th/Tc ratio.
Ammonia/therapeutic use* ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use* ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Dendrobium/chemistry* ; Interleukin-17/therapeutic use* ; Interleukin-6 ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Pharyngitis/drug therapy* ; Plant Extracts/chemistry* ; Polysaccharides/pharmacology* ; Rats ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Water

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the evolution of blood separation results by gel extraction of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, and to evaluate the clinical value of abnormal blood separation results for the evaluation of disease and prognosis. METHODS: The clinical data of 5 patients diagnosed newly MM patients with abnormal blood separation of gel collection vessels in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and the changes of blood separation results and blood index levels were followed up with the improvement of treatment effect, and the correlation of different blood index levels was analyzed. RESULTS: In 5 patients with newly diagnosed MM, the blood separation result showed floating phenomenon after centrifugation, which divided into three layers and the order from top to bottom is separator gel, serum, and red blood cells(RBC). With partial remission of clinical symptoms, the blood separation results were still abnormal, which were divided into three layers from top to bottom: serum, RBC and separator gel. Finally, with complete remission of the disease, blood separation results returned to normal, from top to bottom: serum, separator gel, RBC. With the blood separation results from abnormal to normal, the blood routine indicators: Hb, Hct levels gradually increased, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) gradually decreased; biochemical indexes: TP, GLB, Ig and β₂-MG levels gradually decreased. Tumor load related indicators: serum IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17 levels gradually decreased, and IL-35 levels gradually increased; and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum β₂-MG was positively correlated with IL-6, TNF-α and IL-17 levels (r=0.710, 0.756, 0.581, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with IL-35 level (r=-0565, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Abnormal blood separation exists in MM patients, and there are significant differences in blood, tumor load and immune balance related indexes in patients with different blood separation results, which provides partial experimental basis for evaluation of disease, efficacy and prognosis with different blood separation results.
Humans ; Interleukin-17 ; Interleukin-6 ; Multiple Myeloma ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha