The aim of this paper was to investigate the mechanism of the active peptide DP17 of Eupolyphaga steleophaga in the treatment of hyperlipidemia rats. HPLC and MADIL-TOF/TOF-MS were used for the amino acid sequence analysis and solid-phase synthesis on the active peptide of E. steleophaga which were obtained by biomimetic enzymatic hydrolysis, separation and purification. The hyperlipidemia model was established by feeding with high-fat diet.Twenty days later, the rats in the blank group and the model group were given the saline and the rats in remaining groups were given the corresponding drugs by oral administration. After administration for 4 weeks, the levels of triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC) and low density lipoprotein(LDL) in serum, the levels of TG, TC, adenosine monophosphate(AMP), adenosine triphosphate(ATP) in liver tissues and TG in feces were detected, respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of liver tissues. The Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method was used to detect the expression of acetyl coa carboxylase(ACC) and hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa reductase(HMGCR) mRNA in liver tissues. The expression of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTORC1) protein and adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK) in liver tissues were detected by Western blot. The analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of active peptide from E. steleophaga was DAVPGAGPAGCHPGAGP(DP17). The results of pharmacological experiments showed that after oral administration of DP17 in rats, the levels of TG, TC and LDL in serum as well as TG and TC levels in liver tissues were significantly decreased(P<0.05), while the levels of AMP, ATP in liver tissues and TG content in feces were significantly increased(P<0.05); the liver steatosis of rats was significantly relieved; the expression of ACC, HMGCR mRNA and mTORC1 protein in liver tissues were significantly reduced, while the expression of AMPK phosphorylated protein was significantly increased(P<0.05). DP17, the active peptide of E. steleophag can significantly reduce lipid accumulation in liver tissues, and it may play a role in reducing blood lipids by regulating the energy metabolism balance in the body and activating AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
Animals ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects* ; Hyperlipidemias/genetics* ; Lipids ; Liver ; Peptides ; Rats ; Triglycerides

Intestine,the body's largest digestive and immune organ,always affects the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease process.Especially the trimethylamine N-oxide as one of the metabolic derivatives produced by intestinal microbiota,can increase the risk of atherosclerosis and promote cardiovascular diseases such as chronic heart failure.Therefore,changing the level of trimethylamine N-oxide in the circulation by taking different measures to intervene the structure,composition and metabolic activity of intestinal flora can affect the occurrence and development of the disease.Thus,the intestinal flora is recognized as a new target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective To analysis the effect of misopmstol,oxytocin nasal spray and carboprost methylate suppositorites on estrogen,nitric oxide (NO),nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and clinical efficacy in patients with general term vaginal delivery.Methods A total of 600 patients with postpartum hemorrhage were randomly divided into group A,group B and group C,200 cases in each group.Group A was given oxytocin nasal spray,per nostril 0.1 mL,twice a day,group B was given misoprostol,200 μg sublingual,group C received carboprost methylate suppositorites 1 mg,anus.After treatment,the serum levels of estradiol (E2),nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS),bleeding volume,clinical efficacy,adverse drug reactions were compared in three groups.Results After treatment,the total effective rates in group A,B and C were 76.50％ (153/200 cases),86.00％ (172/200 cases),90.50％ (181/200 cases),total effective rate of group C significantly higher than group A (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,estradiol levels of group A,B,C were (14.75 ±2.09),(17.63 ±2.15),(21.82 ±3.09) nmol · L-1.Levels of NO in group A,B,C were (107.83 ± 11.21),(92.42 ± 10.17),(79.25 ±9.89) nmol · L-1.Levels of NOS in group A,B,C were (25.64 ±3.11),(22.56±3.05),(19.63 ±2.28) nmol · L-1(P ＜0.05).And 2 h bleeding volume were (712.43 ± 40.85),(632.43 ± 42.77),(580.74 ± 37.64) mL in group A,B,C;2-24 h bleeding volume were (138.92 ± 17.86),(126.94 ± 12.93),(103.85 ± 11.13) mL in group A,B,C(P ＜0.05).The adverse drug reactions in group A were nasal irritation,nasal bleeding,incidence of adverse drug reactions was 1.50％ (3/200 cases).The adverse drug reactions in group B were mild nausea,vomiting,dizziness,incidence of adverse drug reactions was 2.50％ (5/200 cases).The adverse drug reactions in group C were diarrhea,nausea and vomiting,incidence of adverse drug reactions was 2.00％ (4/200 cases),with no statistical differences (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Compared with the treatment of misoprostol and oxytocin nasal spray,the carboprost methylate suppositorites can significantly improve the serum E2 level,reduce serum NO and NOS levels in patients with postpartum hemorrhage and reduce bleeding.

Objective To investigate the effect of cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) gene polymorphism on the antiplatelet therapy of clopidogrel in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods Fifty-five patients who underwent PCI,as well as twenty-three healthy subjects,were enrolled in this study.The genotypes of the samples were identified by gene chips hybridization.The contents of soluble P-selectin (CD62p) and platelet glycoprotein GP Ⅱ b/Ⅲ a fibrinogen receptor(PAC-1) in patients who underwent PCI were detected by flow cytometry (FCM).The expressions of platelet activation markers were calculated according to interquartile range method.Results Seven patients with CYP2C19 * 2/* 2 genotypes were poor metabolizers,while twenty-eight patients with CYP2C19 * 1/* 2,CYP2C19 * 1/ * 3 were intermediate metabolizers,twenty patients with CYP2C19 * 1/ * 1 were extensive metabolizers.In intermediate metabolism (* 1/* 2),intermediate metabolism (* 1/* 3) and poor metabolism group,the CD62p expressions were (6.73 ± 5.69) ％,(10.94 ± 9.80) ％,(14.35 ± 6.24) ％,(16.80 ± 13.65) ％,respectively,statistically significant differences were found when compared with the control group;The PAC-1 expressions were (1.06 ± 0.69) ％,(2.10 ± 4.09) ％,(2.37 ± 3.15) ％,(2.89 ± 2.75) ％,and there were significant differences in CD62p and PAC-1 among the groups(P ＜0.05).The genotypes of extensive metabolism was high in the response to clopidogrel,while those of intermediate metabolism were moderate and poor metabolism were low.Conclusion Intermediate metabolism genotype patients could be adjusted to the dose of clopidogrel or the use of other antiplatelet drugs,and the poor metabolism genotype patients should be used other antiplatelet drugs.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the heating and facial nerve preservation in the middle fossa approach surgery for the removal of small acoustic tumor (vestibular schwannomas,VS).Methods A prospective database was established,and data were retrospectively reviewed.Between January 2004 and February 2013,13 patients with acoustic tumor underwent surgery via middle fossa approach for heating preservation.The patients consisted of six men and seven women with a mean age of 48 years.Tumor size ranged from 0.8 cm to 1.5 cm.Heating loss was categorized as American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) class A,class B,class C and class D.Facial nerve function was evaluated according to House-Brackmann (HB) Grade Ⅰ-Ⅵ.Results Grosstotal resection was accomplished in 12 of 13 patients.Preoperative heating as class A in ten,class B in two,and class C in one patient respectively.Postoperatively,heating was graded as class A in eight patients,class B in 3,and class C in 2 patients.Facial nerve function was House-Brackmann(HB) grade Ⅰ in twelve patients,grade Ⅱ in one patient preoperatively.Postoperatively,facial nerve function was HB Grade Ⅰ in twelve patients and Grade Ⅲ in one patient.The overall heating preservation rate was at least 80％ (8/10)and HB Grade Ⅰ facial nerve outcome of 100％ (12/12).All cases were followed up for 0.5 to 5 years,no complications were abserved.Conclusions The middle fossa approach for the resection of small VS with heating preservation is a viable and relatively option.It should be considered among the various options available for the management of small and growing VS.

Background Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) is the main surgical procedure used in type 2 diabetes.The objective of this study was to evaluate the different types of GBP in treatment of type 2 diabetes.Methods Patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups:those who underwent gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass and those who underwent gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass.Blood glucose alterations,operation time,and operation complicatiors were observed.Results Gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass and gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass were both effective in the treatment of selected patients with type 2 diabetes.Compared with gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass,gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass had the advantages of easier implementation,shorter operation time,and fewer operation complications.Conclusions Gastrojejunal loop anastomosis is effective in treatment of type 2 diabetes.It is safe,easy to implement,and worthy of clinical popularization.

Objective To investigate the effect of glucose metabolism alteration induced by alloxan intraventricular injection on learning and memory abilities of mice, and its role in the development of AD. Methods Mice were randomly divided into high-dose alloxan intraventricular injection group (n=7, 4 mg/kg) and low-dose alloxan intraventricular injection group (n=7, 1.5 mg/kg)and control group (n=7, physiological saline); intraventricular injection of alloxan, the O-GLcNAc transferase inhibitor, was performed in the high-dose and low-dose alloxan intraventricular injection groups to interfere the brain glucose metabolism. Morris water maze was used to detect the learning and memory abilities of mice. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the alterations of phosphorylation and O-Glycosylation of neurofilament in mice brain induced by alloxan intraventricular injection. Results In the located navigation tests, the swimming time and distance to find the platform in the mice of alloxan administration were significantly increased as compared with those in the control group (P＜ 0.05); in space exploration experiments, compared with those in the control mice, the number of crossing the hidden platform was decreased and the initial angle of entry to water was increased in the mice of alloxan administration (P＜0.05). Western blotting and immunohistochemistry displayed that phosphorylation was obviously increased and the O-Glycosylation was significantly reduced in the cytoskletal neurofilament of the mice with alloxan administration as compared with those in the control group (P＜0.05), which was similar to the alteration of neurofilament's modification in AD brain. Conclusion The inventricular injection of alloxan could impair the learning and memory of mice, which might have a relation with the dysregulation of phosphorylation and O-Glycosylation in neurofilament caused by the impaired glucose metabolism, which is similar to the alteration of phosphorylation and O-Glycosylation in neurofilament in AD brain.

Objective To analyze the diagnostic feature, treatment and prognosis of patients with Cantrell syndrome. Methods Clinical manifestation, diagnosis, operation and follow-up data of 5 patients with Cantrell syndrome were summarized in this retrospective analysis. Results The age of the 5 patients was 7 days-76 years, definite diagnosis was made in 3 cases and 2 cases presented feature of incomplete Cantrell syndrome. Three patients with full Cantrell syndrome were correctly diagnosed before operation and confirmed by operation. One patient with incomplete Cantrell syndrome (two-vessel stenosis ) received bypass surgery. Another asymptomatic patient with incomplete Cantrell syndrome ( apical diverticulum of the left ventricle) does not need operation and is under observation. During follow-up, 1 patient died at 60months after operation and the remaining 4 patients are alive and well. Conclusions With the development of modern imaging technology, it becomes easy to make correct diagnose Cantrell syndrome before operation.Prognosis is fine post timely operation and related intervention.

Objective To establish the computer aided design (CAD) software platform of individualized abutment for the maxilla central incisor. MethodsThree-dimentional data of the incisor was collected by scanning and geometric transformation. Data mainly included the occlusal part of the healing abutment, the location carinae of the bedpiece, the occlusal 1/3 part of the artificial gingiva's inner surface,and so on. The all-ceramic crown designed in advanced was "virtual cutback" to get the original data of the abutment's supragingival part. The abutment's in-gum part was designed to simulate the individual natural tooth root. The functions such as "data offset", "bi-rail sweep surface" and "loft surface" were used in the process of CAD. ResultsThe CAD route of the individualized all-ceramic abutment was set up. The functions and application methods were decided and the complete CAD process was realized. Conclusions The software platform was basically set up according to the requests of the dental clinic.

Objective To identify the impact of age and gender on cardiac structure and left ventricular function in normal Chinese by echocardiography. Methods Cardiac structure, valve flow velocity and cardiac function were measured by echocardiography in 15 692 healthy volunteers. Subjects were grouped by age at 5 years interval in population older than 5 years. Children under 5 years were divided into 3 age groups(<1 years,1-3 years,4-5 years). Hierarchical cluster analyses were performed for ages, based on indexes of cardiac structure and function respectively. Results Six groups (< 1 years, 1-3 years,4-5 years, 6-10 years, 11-20 years, ≥21 years) were generated after the age hierarchical cluster analyses based on index of cardiac structure. Four groups (≤30 years, 31-50 years, 51-80 years,≥81 years) were generated based on spectral current flow. Six groups (< 1 years,1-3 years,4-5 years, 6-10 years, 11-15 years, ≥16 years) were generated baaed on left ventricular systolic function and five groups (≤15 years, 16-30 years, 31-50 years, 51-80 years, ≥81 years) were generated based on left ventricular diastolic function. Cardiac structure index were similar between male and female in age groups ≤ 10 years and significantly lower in females than males in age groups ≥ 11 years (P < 0.05). Valve flow velocity was similar between male and female in various age groups (P >0.05). Left ventricular systolic function was similar between male and female in age groups ≤10 years but was significantly higher in males than females in age groups ≥11 years(all P <0.05). Left ventricular diastolic function was similar between female and male in various age groups (P > 0.05) and equally decreased with aging in both female and male subjects. Conclusions The cardiac development in Chinese population can be divided in 6 phases and becomes stable in subjects older than 21 years, left ventricular systolic function becomes stable in subjects older than 16 years and the left ventricular diastolic function declines physiologically with aging.