Objective To investigate the age-related changes of the mandibular third molar root pulp visibility in individuals in East China,and to explore the feasibility of applying this method to deter-mine whether an individual is 18 years or older.Methods A total of 1 280 oral panoramic images were collected from the 15-30 years old East China population,and the mandibular third molar root pulp visibility in all oral panoramic images was evaluated using OLZE 0-3 four-stage method,and the age distribution of the samples at each stage was analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results Stages 0,1,2 and 3 first appeared in 16.88,19.18,21.91 and 25.44 years for males and in 17.47,20.91,22.01 and 26.01 years for females.In all samples,individuals at stages 1 to 3 were over 18 years old.Conclusion It is feasible to determine whether an individual in East China is 18 years or older based on the mandibular third molar root pulp visibility on oral panoramic images.

Objective To investigate the classification,clinical manifestations,diagnosis,differential diagnosis and treatment of oral lichenoid lesions and provide a reference for clinical practice.Methods Hospital ethical approval and patient informed consent were obtained.We report a case of oral lichenoid lesion in children and review the diagno-sis and treatment of oral lichenoid damage in the literature.Results The patient experienced repeated rupture of the dorsal surface of the tongue with pain for more than 3 years.There was a large area of tongue back surface erosion with an irregular shape,surrounded by pearly-white lines.The left erosive area was accompanied by tissue hyperplasia,which was approximately 1.5 cm × 2.0 cm,with tough texture and broad masses.The pathological diagnosis of the pa-tient was oral lichenoid lesion.After biopsy of the dorsal surface of the tongue,the pathological diagnosis of the patient was granulomatous inflammation.The final diagnosis of lichenoid granulomatous stomatitis was made on the basis of the patient's intraoral damage features,systemic history,medication history and histopathological findings.A review of the literature suggests that oral lichenoid lesions have an unknown etiology and need to be clinically differentiated from oral lichen planus,oral lichenoid drug reactions,oral lichenoid contact damage and chronic ulcerative stomatitis.The clini-cal treatment of oral lichen planus is based on the topical and/or systemic use of glucocorticoids.Conclusion There are still no uniform criteria for the classification and diagnosis of oral lichenoid lesions.They rely mainly on history tak-ing,clinical manifestations and histopathological findings,and the treatment is mainly based on the topical and/or sys-temic use of glucocorticoids.

Pancreatic cancer is among the most malignant cancers,and thus early intervention is the key to better survival outcomes.However,no methods have been derived that can reliably identify early precursors of development into malignancy.Therefore,it is urgent to discover early molecular changes during pancreatic tumorigenesis.As aberrant glycosylation is closely associated with cancer progression,numerous efforts have been made to mine glycosylation changes as biomarkers for diagnosis;however,detailed glycoproteomic information,especially site-specific N-glycosylation changes in pancreatic cancer with and without drug treatment,needs to be further explored.Herein,we used comprehensive solid-phase chemoenzymatic glycoproteomics to analyze glycans,glycosites,and intact glycopeptides in pancreatic cancer cells and patient sera.The profiling of N-glycans in cancer cells revealed an increase in the secreted glycoproteins from the primary tumor of MIA PaCa-2 cells,whereas human sera,which contain many secreted glycoproteins,had significant changes of glycans at their specific glycosites.These results indicated the potential role for tumor-specific glycosylation as disease biomarkers.We also found that AMG-510,a small molecule inhibitor against Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog(KRAS)G12C mutation,profoundly reduced the glycosylation level in MIA PaCa-2 cells,suggesting that KRAS plays a role in the cellular glycosylation process,and thus glycosylation inhibition contributes to the anti-tumor effect of AMG-510.

Objective To study the damage mechanism of diacetylmorphine(DAM)on BV-2cells.Methods BV-2 cells with the ability to divide and proliferate were selected as experimental objects,BV-2 cells were treated with 30,60 and 120 mg/L DAM,respectively.The cells were cu?tured for 4,8,16,32 and 48 h.The damage degree and proliferation inhibition rate of BV-2 cells were detected by trypan blue and thiazole blue(MTT)method.The effects of DAM on BV-2 cell cycle and apoptosis were detected with flow cytometry.The c-Fos,Bax,caspase-9,BDNF,HSP-70 and TrkB protein level in BV-2 cells were detected by ELISA.Results Trypan blue and MTT detection showed that the death cells increased significantly with the increase of DAM concentration and prolonged action time and the inhibition rate of BV-2 cells was significantly higher than that of the control group.Cell cycle showed that the number of G0/G1 phase cells in DAM group was significantly increased,the number of G2 phase cells was significantly decreased,and the apoptosis rate was increased.ELISA showed that the protein levels of caspase-9,c-Fos and Bax in DAM groups were significantly higher than those in the control group.On the contrary,BDNF,HSP-70 and TrkB protein levels were significantly lower than those in the control group.Conclusion The damage mechanism of DAM on BV-2 cells is related to up-regulating damage protein level,down-regulating protection protein level,damaging cell membrane structure,inhibiting cell division,leading to cell apoptosis and death.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the perceived stress and the independent learning ability of nursing undergraduates, to establish a chain mediation model to investigate the role of psychological capital and self-control in the relationship between the two, aiming to provide a new direction for nursing educators to improve the independent learning ability of nursing undergraduates.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 913 nursing undergraduates from 10 universities in Shaanxi Province were selected as research objects from February to March 2023. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PPQ), Self-control Scale (SCS) and Self-directed Learning Ability Scale (SLAS) were used to investigate the nursing undergraduates.Results:A total of 913 questionnaires were sent out in this study, and 900 were effectively collected, with an effective recovery rate of 98.58% (900/913). The total SLAS score of 900 nursing undergraduates was (87.12±9.20). The perception of stress among undergraduate nursing students could directly predict their self-directed learning ability negatively ( P<0.01), or indirectly affected their self-learning ability through psychological capital and self-control ( P<0.05). Psychological capital (indirect effect value=-0.160) and self-control (indirect effect value=-0.106) played a mediating role between stress perception and self-directed learning ability, and the mediating effect accounted for 38.55% and 25.54%, respectively. Moreover, psychological capital and self-control also played a chain mediating role (indirect effect value=-0.053), and the proportion of chain mediated effect was 12.77%. Conclusions:Perceived stress, psychological capital and self-control are important influencing factors on the self-directed learning ability of nursing undergraduate students. Perceived stress not only directly affects the self-directed learning ability of nursing undergraduate students, but also indirectly affects their self-directed learning ability through the chain mediation effect of psychological capital and self-control.

Management and treatment of terminal metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains heavily debated. We sought to investigate the efficacy of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor plus anlotinib as a potential solution for terminal mCRPC and further evaluate the association of genomic characteristics with efficacy outcomes. We conducted a retrospective real-world study of 25 mCRPC patients who received PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib after the progression to standard treatments. The clinical information was extracted from the electronic medical records and 22 patients had targeted circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) next-generation sequencing. Statistical analysis showed that 6 (24.0%) patients experienced prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response and 11 (44.0%) patients experienced PSA reduction. The relationship between ctDNA findings and outcomes was also analyzed. DNA-damage repair (DDR) pathways and homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway defects indicated a comparatively longer PSA-progression-free survival (PSA-PFS; 2.5 months vs 1.2 months, P = 0.027; 3.3 months vs 1.2 months, P = 0.017; respectively). This study introduces the PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib as a late-line therapeutic strategy for terminal mCRPC. PD-1 inhibitor plus anlotinib may be a new treatment choice for terminal mCRPC patients with DDR or HRR pathway defects and requires further investigation.
Male ; Humans ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Treatment Outcome ; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy* ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Retrospective Studies

COVID-19 has been prevalent for three years. The virulence of SARS-CoV-2 is weaken as it mutates continuously. However, elderly patients, especially those with underlying diseases, are still at high risk of developing severe infections. With the continuous study of the molecular structure and pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs for COVID-19 have been successively marketed, and these anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs can effectively reduce the severe rate and mortality of elderly patients. This article reviews the mechanism, clinical medication regimens, drug interactions and adverse reactions of five small molecule antiviral drugs currently approved for marketing in China, so as to provide advice for the clinical rational use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in the elderly.

[Abstract] Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of sodium ferulate (SF) on the inflammatory response in migraine rats by regulating the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) / p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathway. Methods The migraine rat model was prepared by intraperitoneal injection of nitroglycerin. After successful modeling, the rats were randomly grouped into model group, SF low dose (SF-L) group (50 mg/ kg), SF high dose (SF-H) group (100 mg/ kg), SF+JNK inhibitor (SF + SP600125) group (SF 100 mg/ kg +SP600125 10 mg/ kg), and SF+JNK activator [SF + anisomycin(AN)] group (SF 100 mg/ kg +AN 5 mg/ kg), 12 in each group, another 12 SD rats without treatment were taken as blank group. The behavioral changes of the rats in each group were observed 24 hours after the administration, the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum were detected by ELISA, the neuronal apoptosis in brain tissue was observed by TUNEL staining, immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in brain tissue, Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of JNK/ p38 MAPK pathway-related proteins in brain tissue. Results Compared with the blank group, the number of times of scratching the head and climbing the cage of the rats in the model group increased significantly, and the apoptosis rate of neurons increased significantly; the content of 5-HT in serum decreased significantly, and the levels of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 increased significantly; the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and CGRP, and the ratios of phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) / JNK and phosphorylated p38 MAPK(p-p38 MAPK) / p38 MAPK in brain tissue obviously increased (all P<0. 05). Compared with the model group, the number of times of scratching the head and the times of climbing the cage of the rats in the SF-L group and the SF-H group reduced significantly, and the neuron apoptosis rate reduced significantly; the content of 5-HT in serum increased significantly, and the levels of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 decreased significantly; the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and CGRP, and the ratios of p-JNK/ JNK and p-p38 MAPK/ p38 MAPK in brain tissue obviously decreased (all P<0. 05). Compared with SF-H group, the protective effect of SF on migraine rats in SF+SP600125 group enhanced significantly; the protective effect of SF on migraine rats in the SF+AN group reversed significantly. Conclusion SF may inhibit the expression of JNK/ p38 MAPK signaling pathway, effectively inhibit neurogenic inflammatory response in migraine rats, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and achieve a protective effect on migraine rats.

The central nervous system is one of the most sensitive targets of microwave radiation. Microwave radiation can affect spatial learning and memory and neural information transmission. The effects of microwave radiation on neurotransmitters in the hippocampus and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This paper reviews the effects of microwave radiation on learning/memory and neurotransmitters as well as the mechanisms of action on neurotransmitters. This paper aims to provide a scientific basis for future research in this area.

Objective: To analyze the status of statins use and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) management in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and very high/high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) from Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry (CAFR). Methods: A total of 9 119 patients with AF were recruited in CAFR between January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018, patients at very high and high risk of ASCVD were included in this study. Demographics, medical history, cardiovascular risk factors, and laboratory test results were collected. In patients with very high-risk, a threshold of 1.8 mmol/L was used as LDL-C management target and in patients with high risk, a threshold of 2.6 mmol/L was used as LDL-C management target. Statins use and LDL-C compliance rate were analyzed, multiple regression analysis was performed to explore the influencing factors of statins use. Results: 3 833 patients were selected (1 912 (21.0%) in very high risk of ASCVD group and 1 921 (21.1%) in high risk of ASCVD group). The proportion of patients with very high and high risk of ASCVD taking statins was 60.2% (1 151/1 912) and 38.6% (741/1 921), respectively. Attainment rate of LDL-C management target in patients with very high and high risk were 26.7% (511/1 912) and 36.4% (700/1 921), respectively. Conclusion: The proportion of statins use and attainment rate of LDL-C management target are low in AF patients with very high and high risk of ASCVD in this cohort. The comprehensive management in AF patients should be further strengthened, especially the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in AF patients with very high and high risk of ASCVD.
Humans ; Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Atherosclerosis ; Dyslipidemias/drug therapy*