Abstract Postoperative urinary retention is a common complication after mixed hemorrhoid surgery, referring to the inability of urine in the bladder to be normally expelled, leading to urine retention. This condition not only prolongs the postoperative recovery time and increases medical costs, but may also cause problems such as urinary tract infections and bladder dysfunction. The pathogenesis of urinary retention after mixed hemorrhoid surgery is complex, involving multiple factors such as the type of surgery, anesthesia method, individual differences among patients, postoperative pain management and psychological stress. Although there are various clinical treatment methods, their efficacy varies among individuals. This article reviews relevant literature from 2018 to 2024, analyzing the etiology of urinary retention after mixed hemorrhoid surgery. It summarizes the intervention measures and mechanisms of non-pharmacological treatments, such as physical therapy and analgesic techniques, as well as pharmacological treatments, including anticholinesterase drugs, selective α-receptor blockers and analgesics drugs, so as to provide the reference for the prevention and treatment of urinary retention after mixed hemorrhoid surgery.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanism of Jingangteng capsules in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）. METHODS Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into normal group and modeling group. The modeling group was fed a high-fat diet to establish a NAFLD model. The successfully modeled rats were then randomly divided into model group， atorvastatin group[positive control， 2 mg/（kg·d）]， and Jingangteng capsules low- and high-dose groups [0.63 and 2.52 mg/（kg·d）]， with 6 rats in each group. The pathological changes of the liver were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and oil red O staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to determine the serum levels of triglycerides （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， alanine transaminase （ALT）， aspartate transaminase （AST）， tumour necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-6， IL-18. 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and metabolomics techniques were applied to explore the effects of Jingangteng capsules on gut microbiota and metabolisms in NAFLD rats. Based on the E-mail：591146765@qq.com metabolomics results， Western blot analysis was performed to detect proteins related to the nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB）/NOD-like receptor family protein 3 （NLRP3） signaling pathway in the livers of NAFLD rats. RESULTS The experimental results showed that Jingangteng capsules could significantly reduce the serum levels of TG， TC， LDL-C， AST， ALT， TNF-α， IL-1β， IL-6， IL-18， while increased the level of HDL-C， and alleviated the hepatic cellular steatosis and inflammatory infiltration in NAFLD rats. They could regulate the gut microbiota disorders in NAFLD rats， significantly increased the relative abundance of Romboutsia and Oscillospira， and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Blautia （P＜0.05）. They also regulated metabolic disorders primarily by affecting secondary bile acid biosynthesis， fatty acid degradation， O-antigen nucleotide sugar biosynthesis， etc. Results of Western blot assay showed that they significantly reduced the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and NF-κB inhibitor α， and the protein expression levels of NLRP3， caspase-1 and ASC （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Jingangteng capsules could improve inflammation， lipid accumulation and liver injury in NAFLD rats， regulate the disorders of gut microbiota and metabolisms， and inhibit NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Their therapeutic effects against NAFLD are mediated through the inhibition of the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for the clinically safe application of acalabrutinib by mining and analyzing the risk signals of adverse drug events （ADE）. METHODS The acalabrutinib-induced ADE reports were extracted from the U.S. FDA adverse event reporting system using the OpenVigil 2.1 platform from November 1， 2017 to March 31， 2023. The reporting odds ratio （ROR） method and composite criteria method from the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency （MHRA） were used for detection of ADE signals. RESULTS There were 7 869 ADE reports of acalabrutinib as the primary suspect drug and 142 ADE positive signals were detected from them， involving 20 system organ classes， which was generally consistent with the ADE recorded in the drug instruction of acalabrutinib， mainly involving general disorders and administration site conditions， various inspection， blood and lymphatic system disorders， various neurological disorders and cardiac disorders. In addition， this study identified several new potential ADE signals that were not mentioned in the drug instruction， including sudden cardiac death， pulmonary toxicity， tumor lysis syndrome， pleural effusion， dyspepsia， gastroesophageal reflux disease， bone pain， decreased blood pressure， and abnormal blood sodium， etc. CONCLUSIONS When using acalabrutinib， in addition to paying attention to the ADE recorded in its instructions， the risk of serious ADE that may lead to death， such as sudden cardiac death and pulmonary toxicity， should also be evaluated to avoid or reduce the occurrence of ADE as much as possible.

Objective To establish a low density, high purity and high stability in vitro culture method of primary hippocampal neurons of fetal rats by co-culturing hippocampal and cortical cells, so as to obtain higher purity and better vitality of primary hippocampal neurons disease. Methods The fetal rat hippocampal tissue was isolated from 16-18 days pregnant SD rats, then cut and digested by 0.125% trypsin. The obtained cell suspension was filtered by 200 mesh cell sieve, and then the obtained cell suspensions were then inoculated into the inner layer and outer ring of the culture plate in a surrounding form. They were co-cultured in DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% horse serum. After 4-6 hours of cell adhesion, the culture medium was changed to maintenance medium (Neurobasal+2% B27+0.5 mmol/L glutamine). Then the cell viability was detected with CCK-8 kit and the purity of hippocampal neurons was detected by immunofluorescent staining. Results Hippocampal neurons grew well and formed crisscross neural networks after 5 days. And it could survive for 3 weeks. The purity of hippocampal neurons was up to 98%. Conclusion The method of co-culturing hippocampal and cortical cells can obtain high-purity, high activity, high survival rate, and high stability primary hippocampal neurons from fetal rats, which can provide certain experimental conditions for the study of hippocampal neuron related diseases in the nervous system and is worthy of promotion and application.

Objective To explore the effect of Endoanal advancement flap(ERAF)and transanal opening of interphincteric space(TROPIS)in the treatment of complex anal fistula and their impact on anorectal pressure,so as to provide a reference for clinical selection of surgical methods.Methods Eighty-four patients with complex anal fistula admitted from October 2018 to October 2022 were divided into group E received ERAF treatment(n=48)and group T received TROPIS treatment(n=36).The clinical efficacy,operation,wound surface and anorectal pressure of the two groups were compared.Results The effective rate of treatment in Group T was 97.22％,which was higher than that in Group E(87.50％),with no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).The surgical time[(31.53 ±7.29)minutes],intraoperative bleeding volume[(29.56±7.37)ml],and wound area[(10.03± 0.96)cm2,(8.76±0.87)cm2,(6.20±0.77)cm2]on the day of surgery,7 and 14 days after surgery in Group T were all smaller than those in Group E[(35.36±8.54)min,(36.86±8.04)ml,(12.09± 1.23)cm2,(10.52±1.09)cm2 and(7.36±0.85)cm2](P＜0.05).After surgery,the VAS score and Wexner incontinence score of Group T were(1.38±0.27)and(0.21±0.08),respectively.Group E was(1.56±0.29)and(0.33±0.09),respectively.In group T,the anorectal systolic pressure at 20 mm and 30 mm and the anorectal resting pressure at 20 mm and 30 mm were(138.18±29.58)mmHg,(136.22±35.41)mmHg,(35.47±6.58)mmHg,and(32.97±8.01)mmHg,respectively.In Group E,the data was(152.78±31.53)mmHg,(156.29±32.74)mmHg,(38.29±7.62)mmHg and(36.41±7.63)mmHg,respectively.Both groups showed a decrease in score and anorectal pressure,and group T was lower than group E(P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in Group E was 20.83％,which was higher than that in Group T(11.11％),but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion TROPIS has a better effect in the treatment of complex anal fistula,which can shorten the operation time,reduce intraoperative bleeding,reduce postoperative pain,and protect anal function.

Objective: To gain an in depth understanding of the cognitive appraisal of middle school students with mental illness after experiencing childhood trauma, so as to provide a reference for the development of effective interventions. Methods: From March to September in 2023, 21 middle school students with childhood trauma experiences and mental illnesses were selected from outpatient and inpatient departments through purposive sampling in a tertiary grade A psychiatric hospital in Wuhan. Semistructured interviews were conducted and the seven steps of Colaizzi phenomenology were used to analyze the data and extract themes. Results: A total of 3 themes and 11 subthemes were extracted:insufficient awareness of childhood trauma (lack of selfawareness, lack of awareness of primary caregivers), multiple hurtful experiences after experiencing childhood trauma (complex negative affective experiences, multiple physical discomfort, pessimistic attitudes toward life, social impairment, and academic impairment), and influences on childhood trauma experiences (personality traits, inappropriate personal coping styles, poor upbringing environment, and difficulty in obtaining social support). Conclusions Middle school students with mental illnesses and their caregivers generally lack knowledge about childhood trauma, which brings widespread harm and are affected by multiple factors. It should jointly strengthen the popularization of scientific knowledge, intervene in a timely manner, and thereby reduce the adverse consequences of childhood trauma experiences.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between health literacy and sports injuries among high school students with athletic specialization, so as to provide theoretical basis for the intervention of sports injury occurrence of sports special students. Methods: A total of 443 high school students with athletic specialization aged 16-18 years old from 21 urban and rural areas in Shangrao City, Ganzhou City and Nanchang City of Jiangxi Province were selected by convenient sampling method from March to April 2023, and the health literacy and sports injury incidence were investigated. The assessment of sports injury was based on the Monitoring Method of Child and Adolescent Injury, and the assessment of health literacy level was conducted using the Interactive Health Literacy Questionnaire of Chinese Adolescents. χ 2 test was used to compare the reported rate of sports injuries among the demographic and sports training groups and the correlation between health literacy and sports injuries. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to infer the correlation between the health literacy level of high school students with athletic specialization and the occurrence of sports injuries. Results: The prevalence of sports injury was 49.4% in high school students with athletic specialization. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of sports injury of high school students with athletic specialization with medium and low level of health literacy was significantly increased compared with high level (medium level: OR = 1.98,95% CI =1.12-3.51; low level: OR =2.08, 95% CI =1.18-3.68), high school students with athletic specialization in low level of health awareness of sports injury risk was higher than other dimensions of health literacy level (middle level: OR =2.77, 95% CI =1.48-5.19; low level: OR =2.01, 95% CI =1.04-3.88)( P <0.05). The results of stratified analysis showed that among male students with athletic specialization and students with track and field, students with moderate/low overall health literacy had a higher risk of sports injuries compared to high level students (male students: low level, OR =2.46, 95% CI =1.15-5.28; track and field: intermediate level, OR =2.17, 95% CI =1.06-4.43, low level, OR =2.09, 95% CI =1.02-4.30; P <0.05). Conclusions There is a correlation between the health literacy level of high school students with athletic specialization and the occurrence of sports injuries. Students health awareness should be improved to reduce the risk of sports injuries.

Objective: To investigate the current status of milk tea consumption and its association with psychological distress among college students, so as to provide theoretial support for promoting the mental health of college students. Methods: From September to November 2023, a convenience sampling method was used to select 15 440 college students aged 17-24 from seven universities in Shanghai, Jiangxi, Hubei, and Shanxi. A self designed questionnaire and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale were used to assess milk tea consumption and psychological distress, respectively. The Mantel-Haenszel test was employed to analyze the trend of psychological distress at different levels of milk tea consumption. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between milk tea consumption and psychological distress, and the restricted cubic spline method was applied to explore the nonlinear relationship between milk tea consumption and symptoms of psychological distress. Results: The detection rate of psychological distress among college students was 59.6%. Univariate analysis indicated a significant trend association between milk tea consumption frequency ( χ 2 trend =42.33) and milk tea intake level ( χ 2 trend = 5.17 ) with psychological distress ( P <0.05). Binary Logistic regression models showed a positive association between different levels of milk tea consumption frequency and psychological distress [1-3 times (mild to moderate distress, OR =1.20,1.41), 4-5 times (mild to severe distress, OR =2.80,5.44,4.12), and ≥6 times (severe distress, OR =8.04); and milk tea intake level: 1-1 500 mL (severe distress, OR =1.35), >1 500- <3 000 mL (mild to moderate distress, OR =1.21, 1.35), ≥3 000 mL (mild to severe distress, OR =1.33,1.71,1.29)] ( P <0.05 ). The restricted cubic spline model showed a nonlinear association between milk tea intake and the risk of psychological distress ( F = 107.34 , P non linear <0.01, P overall <0.01). Conclusions High frequency and high volume milk tea consumption are associated with an increased risk of psychological distress among college students. Reducing the consumption behavior of college students milk tea is helpful to improve mental health.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Chaihu Shugansan combined with Xuanfu Daizhetang （CHSG-XFDZ） in the management of Barrett's esophagus （BE） with liver-stomach disharmony. MethodA randomized， parallel， controlled， double-blind clinical trial was conducted. BE patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into an observation group and a control group， with 34 patients in each group. The observation group was treated with CHSG-XFDZ combined with omeprazole capsules， and the control group was treated with CHSG-XFDZ mimetic combined with omeprazole capsules. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. The traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom scores， response rate， BE lesion area， BE pathological changes， and bile acid profile were taken as the indicators to jointly evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of the two groups. ResultA total of 62 patients who completed the trial were included for statistical analysis， including 32 in the observation group and 30 in the control group. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline demographics or disease characteristics between two groups， which suggested that the two groups were comparable. The total response rate in the observation group was 93.7% （30/32）， which was higher than that （60.0%， 18/30） in the control group （χ²=24.766， P<0.05）. After treatment， the response rate regarding the pathological changes in the observation group was 62.5% （20/32）， which was higher than that （23.3%， 7/30） in the control group （χ²=10.270， P<0.05）. The response rate regarding the BE lesion area change in the observation group was 21.9% （7/32）， which had no statistically significant difference from that （6.7%， 2/30） in the control group， which indicated that the advantages of the two regimens were not obvious in terms of reducing the area of BE lesions. Compared with the control group after treatment， the observation group regulated the bile acid profile， which pointed out the direction for further exploring the mechanism of CHSG-XFDZ in treating BE. Neither group showcased adverse reactions with clinical significance during the treatment period. ConclusionCHSG-XFDZ outperformed the control group in terms of alleviating TCM symptoms， ameliorating pathological changes， and improving the bile acid profile in the BE patients with liver-stomach disharmony. It demonstrates certain potential in reducing the lesion area. This formula is safe and effective in treating BE patients with liver-stomach disharmony and deserves further clinical research and widespread application.

Pulmonary disease is one of the major threats to human health. However, the current clinical treatment drugs for lung diseases generally have problems such as low lung delivery efficiency, fast clearance rate and obvious toxic side effects. Recently, membrane biomimetic nanocarriers have attracted more and more attention. Due to their advantages of high targeting, long cycle time, good biocompatibility and strong immune escape ability, membrane biomimetic nanocarriers have become a major research hotspot in targeted therapy of lung diseases. In this review, we discuss the main preparation methods of membrane biomimetic nanoparticles, the characteristics of membrane biomimetic nanocarriers from different cell sources and their application in the targeted therapy of lung diseases. At the same time, according to the characteristics of different membranes, the shortcomings, current technical limitations and future prospects are discussed. This review is expected to provide references for the design of membrane biomimetic nanocarriers and their potential applications in the treatment of lung diseases.