Recurrent spontaneous abortion （RSA） is a common gynecological disease during pregnancy， clinically characterized by repeated spontaneous abortions， yet its pathological mechanism remains incompletely understood. Traditional Chinese medicine attributes the pathogenesis of RSA to the deficiency of Chong Ren and the lack of fetal solidity. It has amassed experience in treating RSA， with Shoutaiwan being widely utilized for addressing miscarriage symptoms such as habitual abortion due to kidney deficiency， bleeding during pregnancy， and fetal movement. In recent years， there has been a gradual increase in experimental studies on the application of Shoutaiwan in treating RSA and on related experiments. These studies have demonstrated that Shoutaiwan preserves the fetus mainly by modulating hormone balance， alleviating immune inflammation， and enhancing blood coagulation equilibrium during pregnancy. Besides， through the modulation of key signaling pathways such as nuclear factor， erythroid 2 like 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） and Janus kinase 1 （JAK1）/signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT）， as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， Shoutaiwan has improved cellular antioxidant capacity， adjusted the phenotype of trophoblast and metaphase cells， and inhibited immune rejection， thus improving the pregnancy success rate. These findings not only elucidate the diverse biological foundations underlying Shoutaiwan's efficacy in treating RSA but also offer a scientific rationale for its clinical application and further mechanism research. Nonetheless， there remains a dearth of systematic reviews on RSA treatment with Shoutaiwan. Therefore， this review summarizes and synthesizes existing research findings to systematically analyze existing literature and studies， delving deeply into the principal pharmacological effects and associated signaling pathways of Shoutaiwan in regulating RSA. It aims to establish crucial reference points for its clinical application in RSA treatment and future experiments and research.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence rate of chronic non-communicable diseases （NCDs） and the association with quality of life in middle-aged and elderly patients with HIV/AIDS. MethodsThis cross-sectional study surveyed 432 patients with HIV/AIDS （aged≥45 years） in the Infectious Disease Center in Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University， and 366 participants were included in the analysis after quality control. A questionnaire and the EuroQol 5-Dimensional 3-level version （EQ-5D-3L） were used to investigate NCDs and quality of life and Tobit regression model was used to estimate the association between chronic diseases and quality of life. ResultsAmong the 366 participants， 29（7.9%） had cardiovascular disease， 45（12.3%） had hypertension， 122（33.3%） had hyperglycemia， 151（41.3%）had hyperlipidemia，7（1.9%） had cancer， 17 （4.6%） had chronic kidney disease， 38 （10.4%） had chronic liver disease， 21（5.7%） had musculoskeletal disorders， and 253（69.1%） suffered from at least one type of chronic diseases. The median （lower and upper quartiles） of EQ-5D utility index was 1.000（0.964~1.000）. Multivariate Tobit regression results of the total population showed that cancer ［b_a=-0.08，95%CI （-0.15，-0.01），P=0.036］， chronic kidney disease ［b_a=-0.07， 95%CI （-0.12，-0.02），P=0.006］， musculoskeletal disease ［b_a=-0.09， 95%CI （-0.13， -0.05），P<0.001］， and ≥3 types of chronic diseases［b_a=-0.05， 95%CI（-0.08，-0.01），P=0.013］ were negatively correlated with EQ-5D utility index. The stratified analysis results of different CD4+T cell levels showed that hypertension ［b_a=-0.07， 95%CI （-0.12， -0.02）， P=0.007］， chronic kidney disease ［b_a=-0.10，95%CI （-0.18，-0.03）， P=0.006］， musculoskeletal disease ［b_a=-0.15， 95%CI （-0.22，-0.07）， P<0.001］ and ≥3 types of chronic diseases ［b_a=-0.09， 95%CI （-0.09， -0.01）， P<0.001］ were negatively correlated with EQ-5D utility index in the group with CD4≤500 （cells/μL）， whereas cancer［b_a=-0.11， 95%CI （-0.20，-0.01）， P=0.031］ was negatively correlated with EQ-5D utility index in the group with CD4＞500（cells/μL）. ConclusionsThe prevalence rate of chronic non-communicable diseases in middle-aged and elderly patients with HIV/AIDS is relatively high. The classification of NCDs such as cancer or chronic kidney disease or other chronic diseases and the numbers of NCDs categories are negatively correlated with quality of life. However，this association varies among patients with HIV/AIDS of different CD4+T cell levels. It is suggested that we should try to prevent and identify NCDs at an early stage， strengthen linkages and integration of health services for AIDS and chronic NCDs， and jointly manage and control AIDS with chronic diseases to improve the quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS.

Six compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus by using various column chromatographic methods, such as MCI Gel CHP-20, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, silica gel and semipreparative HPLC. Their structures were identified to be citrusin G (1), citrusin H (2), citrusin E (3), syringin (4), coniferin (5), methylconiferin (6) by NMR, HR-ESI-MS, UV, IR spectra. Compounds 1 and 2 were new secondary metabolism products and 3-6 were obtained from the titled material for the first time. Compound 1 showed anti-renal fibrosis activity in TGF-β1-induced kidney proximal tubular cells.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical safety of Feilike Mixture （FLK） in the real world. MethodsThe safety of all children who received FLK from 29 institutions in 12 provinces between January 21，2021 and December 25，2021 was evaluated through prospective centralized surveillance and a nested case control study. ResultsA total of 3 035 juveniles were included. There were 29 research centers involved，which are distributed across 12 provinces，including one traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） hospital and 28 general hospitals. The average age among the juveniles was （4.77±3.56） years old，and the average weight was （21.81±12.97） kg. Among them，119 cases （3.92%） of juveniles had a history of allergies. Acute bronchitis was the main diagnosis for juveniles，with 1 656 cases （54.46%）. FLK was first used in 2 016 cases （66.43%），and 142 juvenile patients had special dosages，accounting for 4.68%. Among them，92 adverse drug reactions （ADRs） occurred，including 73 cases of gastrointestinal system disorders，10 cases of metabolic and nutritional disorders，eight cases of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases，two cases of vascular and lymphatic disorders，and one case of systemic diseases and various reactions at the administration site. The manifestations of ADRs were mainly diarrhea，stool discoloration，and vomiting，and no serious ADRs occurred. The results of multi-factor analysis indicated that special dosages （the use of FLK）［odds ratio （OR） of 2.642， 95% confidence interval （CI） of 1.105-6.323］，combined administration： spleen aminopeptide （OR of 4.978， 95%CI of 1.200-20.655），and reason for combined administration： anti-infection （OR of 1.814， 95%CI of 1.071-3.075） were the risk factors for ADRs caused by FLK. Conclusion92 ADRs occurred among 3 035 juveniles using FLK. The incidence of ADRs caused by FLK was 3.03%，and the severity was mainly mild or moderate. Generally，the prognosis was favorable after symptomatic treatment such as drug withdrawal or dosage reduction，suggesting that FLK has good clinical safety.

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site rs76206423 in the promoter region of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) β gene among Han males in a high radiation background area (HBRA) in Yangjiang City. Methods A total of 48 male participants from Tangkou Town, Yangxi County, Yangjiang City (HBRA group), and 51 male participants from Hengpo Town, Enping City (control group) were selected as the research subjects using the random number table method. Peripheral venous blood samples of participants from both groups were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted. The genotyping and allele frequency distribution of the rs76206423 (A/G) site in the IL-2R β promoter region was detected among the participants in both groups using the SNP detection method. The difference of allele frequencies between population in HBRA group and five area of East Asia, South Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas published in the Human Genome Project database from National Center for Biotechnology Information were analyzed. Results The allele frequencies of rs76206423 of population in both groups conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). In the HBRA group, the AA genotype was predominant (64.6%), while the AG genotype was the most common in the control group (51.0%), with a significant difference (P<0.05). Population in both groups showed a predominance of the variant allele A (78.1% and 72.5%, respectively), with no significant difference (P>0.05). The frequency of the G allele of rs76206423 in the population in HBRA group was higher than those in South Asian, African, European, and American populations (all P<0.01), but showed no significant difference compared with East Asian populations (P>0.05). Conclusion In the Han male population from the HBRA in Yangjiang City, the rs76206423 site in the IL-2R β gene promoter region is predominantly composed of the wild-type A allele and AA genotype, indicating genetic stability and a relatively high degree of variation at this locus.

The Expert Consensus on the Deployment of DeepSeek in Medical Institutions serves as a detailed guideline for the deployment of DeepSeek in medical institutions. It was developed by experts in the fields of healthcare， hospital management， medical information， health policy， law， and medical ethics from nearly 30 leading domestic medical and academic research institutions， based on relevant domestic and international laws and regulations as well as the practices of medical institutions. It aims to provide medical institutions with a scientific， standardized， and secure deployment guideline to ensure that the application of artificial intelligence （AI） technologies in healthcare， including but not limited to DeepSeek， conforms to the unique characteristics of the healthcare industry and effectively promotes the improvement of medical service levels. From the three aspects of pre-deployment evaluation， deployment implementation， and post-deployment management and monitoring， the key factors that medical institutions should consider when introducing DeepSeek were elaborated in detail， including medical demand compatibility， technical capabilities and infrastructure， legal and ethical risks， data preparation and management， model selection and optimization， system integration and training， performance monitoring and continuous optimization， risk management and emergency response， as well as compliance review and evaluation. This provides a comprehensive deployment framework for medical institutions to ensure the safety and effectiveness of technology applications.

Objective: To prepare platelet membrane biomimetic liposomes loaded with vincristine sulfate (VCR) for targeted delivery to tumor. Methods: Vincristine sulfate liposomes (LIPO) were prepared using the pH-gradient method, followed by the fusion of platelet membranes and subsequent drug loading to obtain platelet membrane biomimetic liposomes (PLM-LIPO). The particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), Zeta potential, and drug encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of both liposomes were characterized. The tumor-targeting capability was evaluated through in vitro cellular experiments and in vivo biodistribution studies. Results: The optimal preparation conditions for LIPO were determined as follows: DPPC-to-cholesterol molar ratio of 1∶1, internal aqueous phase of 0.3 M pH 4.0 citrate buffer, external aqueous phase of 1 M Na HPO solution, drug-to-lipid ratio of 1∶10, drug loading temperature of 60℃, and loading time of 10 minutes. The LIPO exhibited a mean particle size of (147.3±2.24) nm, PDI of 0.078±0.014, Zeta potential of (-3.54±0.75) mV, and EE% of 91.37±0.47. For PLM-LIPO, prepared via membrane fusion followed by drug loading, the mean particle size was (185.3±3.61) nm, PDI was 0.075±0.022, Zeta potential was (-18.91±1.54) mV, and EE% was 63.36±2.45. In the CD62P validation experiment, the fluorescence intensity of PLM-LIPO was five times higher than that of LIPO. In vitro cellular uptake experiments revealed that PLM-LIPO showed 1.3-fold and 1.2-fold higher uptake rates compared to LIPO at 6 h and 12 h, respectively. In vivo experiments demonstrated that 1h after administration, the accumulation of PLM-LIPO at tumor sites was 4-fold higher than that of LIPO and 6-7 times higher than that in healthy mice. Conclusion: The platelet membrane biomimetic liposomes loaded with vincristine sulfate were successfully developed. Both cellular uptake and tissue distribution studies confirmed the PLM-LIPO enhanced tumor-targeting capability.

OBJECTIVE To provide a reference for revising the safety content of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） instructions. METHODS A systematic analysis was conducted on the relevant announcements on the revision of TCM instruction from 2013 to 2024， including the year of publication， drug name， drug formulation， announcement release time， and the average number of revisions made to three safety contents （contraindication， adverse drug reaction， and precaution）. According to the report data of national adverse drug reaction monitoring from 2013 to 2024， analyze the proportion of TCM in all adverse drug reactions， the composition ratio of adverse drug reaction of different dosage forms of drugs [TCM injection， oral TCM， other （topical） TCM]. RESULTS From 2013 to 2024， the National Medical Products Administration issued a total of 101 notices on the revision of TCM instruction， involving 241 types of TCM. Among them， there were 163 types of oral TCM， 25 types of TCM injection， and 53 types of other （topical） TCM. There were 3， 10 and 0 types of TCM injection， oral TCM， and other （topical） TCM with missing safety content， respectively. The main source of adverse drug reaction data for TCM injections was post- marketing monitoring data （accounting for 48.00%）； the main source of adverse drug reaction data for oral TCM was monitoring data （accounting for 71.17%）； 73.58% of other （topical） TCM did not mention the source of adverse drug reaction data. The report on national adverse drug reaction monitoring showed that the proportion of all adverse drug reactions of TCM had decreased from 17.3% in 2013 to 12.1% in 2024. Among them， the proportion of adverse drug reaction of TCM injection in the three dosage forms of TCM had decreased from 61.3% in 2015 to 24.6% in 2024， while the proportion of adverse drug reaction of oral TCM in the three dosage forms of TCM had increased from 34.7% in 2015 to 64.0% in 2024. CONCLUSIONS The risk management of TCM safety content has achieved results in China， but still faces three major challenges： strongdependence on passive monitoring， insufficient data traceability， and missing key content. It is urgent to improve safety content by dosage form， optimize data sources， and fully utilize real-world evidence to supplement safety content.

Objective: To explore the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution and depressive symptom among school aged children and adolescents, so as to provide evidences for informing constitution based regulation and prevention of depressive symptom. Methods: From June to December 2024, a total of 4 729 students aged 6-14 were recruited by cluster random sampling from 10 primary schools in Baoding (Hebei Province), Heze and Liaocheng (Shandong Province). General information, TCM constitution and depressive symptom were collected. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to analyze related factors and threshold effects of depressive symptom. Binary Logistic regression was applied to examine the association between depressive symptom and TCM constitution, with subgroup analyses conducted. Results: The detection rate of depressive symptom among the included children and adolescents was 25.82%. RCS analyses indicated non linear associations between depressive symptom and age (inflection point at 10 years old), bedtime (inflection point at 22:00), and wake up time (inflection point at 6:30 ) (all P non linearity <0.01). Linear associations were observed with body mass index (BMI) and sleep duration (all P non linearity > 0.05 ). After adjusting for covariates such as age, BMI and sleep status, binary Logistic regression analyses showed that Yin deficient constitution ( OR =1.26, 95% CI =1.09-1.45) and Phlegm-dampness constitution ( OR =1.42, 95% CI =1.11-1.82) were significantly associated with depressive symptom among children and adolescents (all P <0.05). Conclusions Depressive symptom among school aged children and adolescents is primarily associated with Yin deficiency and Phlegm dampness constitutions in TCM constitution. Active attention should be paid to susceptible TCM constitution among children and adolescents. Targeted health guidance and interventions should be implemented to improve TCM constitution health status for preventing the occurrence of depressive symptom.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome （PCOS） is a common endocrine and metabolic disease mainly occurring among women of childbearing age. Its main symptoms include menstrual disorders， acne， hirsutism， infertility， oily skin， acanthosis nigricans， and obesity. Currently， the etiology and pathogenesis of PCOS remain unclear. Classical formulas， which have rigorous compatibility， concise composition， precise alignment with syndromes， and definitive therapeutic effects， demonstrate unique practical and scientific value in the treatment of PCOS. These formulas exhibit significant clinical efficacy， mild adverse effects， and sustained therapeutic outcomes. To explore the current status and mechanisms of classical formulas in treating PCOS， on the basis of Zhang Zhongjing's academic thoughts on gynecological diseases， this paper reviewed the relevant literature on the treatment of PCOS with classical formulas in recent years. The findings reveal that the pathogenesis of PCOS predominantly involves a combination of internal deficiency and superficial excess， closely related to dysfunction of the liver， spleen， and kidney. The root cause lies in deficiency， and on this basis， there are also symptoms of qi stagnation， blood stasis， phlegm obstruction， and dampness encumbrance. Commonly used classical formulas for treating this disease include Guizhi Fuling pills， Danggui Shaoyao powder， Wenjing decoction， and Jingui Shenqi pills. These classical formulas have good clinical efficacy in treating PCOS. Their mechanisms of action may be related to improving serum levels of sex hormones， increasing the dominant follicle diameter and endometrial thickness， alleviating insulin resistance， lowering glucose and lipid metabolism， inhibiting oxidative and inflammatory reactions in the ovarian tissue， regulating the intestinal flora， correcting the flora disorder， protecting the intestinal barrier function， and regulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. The above research results can help doctors use classical formulas flexibly， broaden diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for PCOS and provide ideas for improving the traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment plan for PCOS.