Objective: To investigate the late identification and its influencing factors of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Shangcheng District, Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into the development of strategies for early detection and identification of HIV/AIDS cases. Methods: Basic information, identification routes and CD4+T lymphocyte counts among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Shangcheng District from 2013 to 2022 were collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The proportion of late identification of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases was analyzed, and factors affecting late identification was analyzed by a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 1 052 HIV/AIDS cases were newly reported in Shangcheng District from 2013 to 2022, including 1 011 males (96.10%), and had a mean age of (32.90±12.39) years. There were 333 cases with late identification, accounting for 31.65%. The proportions of late identification have no significant changing trend from 2013 to 2022 (P>0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that HIV/AIDS cases aged 25 years and older (25 to 49 years, OR=1.894, 95%CI: 1.350-2.658; 50 years and older, OR=3.010, 95%CI: 1.838-4.928) had a higher risk of late identification, while HIV/AIDS cases with college degree and above (OR=0.655, 95%CI: 0.459-0.936) and identified by voluntary counseling and testing (OR=0.542, 95%CI: 0.380-0.772) had a lower risk of late identification. Conclusions The proportion of late identification of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Shangcheng District from 2013 to 2022 was 31.65%. Age, educational level and identification route were important factors affecting late identification of HIV/AIDS cases in Shangcheng District.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases aged 15 years and older in Shangcheng District, Hangzhou City from 2006 to 2022, so as to provide the basis for improving AIDS prevention and control strategies. Methods: Data of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases aged 15 years and older in Shangcheng District from 2006 to 2022 were collected through HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Control System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Population distribution and transmission routes were analyzed, and changing trends in case number were analyzed using average annual percent change (AAPC) and annual percent change (APC). Results: A total of 4 409 HIV/AIDS cases aged 15 years and older were newly reported in Shangcheng District from 2006 to 2022, including 3 932 males (89.18%). There were 3 447 cases (78.18%) under 50 years old and 962 cases (21.82%) being 50 years and older. Sexual contact was a predominant transmission route, with 4 326 cases accounting for 98.12%, including 2 626 cases (59.56%) with homosexual contact and 1 700 cases (38.56%) with heterosexual contact. The number of HIV/AIDS cases showed an overall upward trend from 2006 to 2022 (AAPC=13.038%, P<0.05), with an upward trend from 2006 to 2015 (APC=42.578%, P<0.05) and a downward trend from 2015 to 2022 (APC=-19.713%, P<0.05). The increase in the number of cases aged 50 years and older group was faster than that of cases aged under 50 years (AAPC=22.641% vs. 11.162%, both P<0.05). The increase in the number of cases with homosexual contact transmission was faster than that of cases with heterosexual contact transmission (AAPC=20.417% vs. 7.455%, both P<0.05). Conclusions The number of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases aged 15 years and older in Shangcheng District performed an overall upward trend from 2006 to 2022. The cases aged 50 years and older and transmitted through homosexual contact increased rapidly, which should be taken seriously.

Lung cancer is the top cause of cancer deaths globally.Advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have transformed cancer treatment,but their use in lung cancer has led to more side effects.This study examined if past pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)affects ICIs'effectiveness and safety in lung cancer treatment.We reviewed lung cancer patients treated with ICIs at Beijing Chest Hospital from January 2019 to August 2022.We compared outcomes and side effects between patients with and without prior TB.Of 116 patients(40 with TB history,76 without),prior TB didn't reduce treatment effectiveness but did increase severe side effects.Notably,older patients(≥65 years)faced a higher risk of severe side effects.Detailed cases of two patients with severe side effects underscored TB as a risk factor in lung cancer patients receiving ICIs,stressing the need for careful monitoring and personalized care.

Objective:To explore the longitudinal changes of symptom clusters and quality of life in young and middle-aged postoperative patients with cervical cancer during chemotherapy, and to clarify the correlation between the two, in order to provide reference for clinical staff symptom management and improvement of patients′ quality of life.Methods:A longitudinal study was conducted, a total of 252 young and middle-aged who underwent chemotherapy after radical cervical cancer surgery in the gynecological ward of Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from December 2022 to August 2023 were selected as the investigation objects by convenient sampling method. Data were collected at 2 d before chemotherapy (T1), 1 week after the first chemotherapy (T2), 1 week after the third chemotherapy (T3), and 1 week after the sixth chemotherapy (T4), using the general data questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cervix. Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract symptom clusters from the data. The generalized estimation equation model was used to analyze the dynamic change trend and correlation between symptom clusters and quality of life.Results:A total of 221 patients with cervical cancer aged 18-59 (46.85 ± 6.50) years old were included. At T1 and T2, there were 4 symptom clusters, which were psychological symptom cluster, gastrointestinal symptom cluster, disease behavior symptom cluster and perimenopausal symptom cluster. T3 and T4 increased the neurological symptom cluster and self-image disorder symptom cluster, a total of 6 symptom clusters. The higher score of each symptom cluster, the lower total score of quality of life (Wald χ2 values were 8.08-62.70, all P<0.01). Conclusions:Young and middle-aged postoperative patients with cervical cancer suffered from multiple symptom clusters during chemotherapy, which not only remained relatively stable, but also showed a constantly changing trend. Effective dynamic management of symptoms clusters in young and middle-aged postoperative patients with cervical cancer during chemotherapy is expected to improve their quality of life.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective: To analyze the awereness and beliefs on sedentary behavior among college students and associated factors, so as to provide a reference for improving sedentary behavior. Methods: A total of 1 261 students from six universities in Hangzhou City, were selected using a convenience sampling method. Sedentary behavior and its influencing factors were analyzed using the Chi square test and binary Logistic regression, respectively. Results: The pass rate of the knowledge and belief scores were 33.2% and 55.5%, respectively. The average duration of sedentary behavior on weekdays and weedends were (6.73±3.03) and (6.22±3.41)h/d, respectively. The results of the binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of health related sedentary behavior included gender, grade, subject major, sports performance and belief score ( P <0.01). Female students were 2.18 times more likely to exhibit unhealthy sedentary behaviors than male students (95% CI =1.58-3.01); senior college students were less likely to exhibit unhealthy static behaviors than freshmen ( OR =0.38,95% CI =0.23-0.61); and sports majors were less likely to exhibit unhealthy sedentary behaviors than medical majors ( OR =0.10, 95% CI =0.03-0.34). Students with high sports performance were less likely to exhibit unhealthy sedentary behavior ( OR =0.63, 95% CI =0.48-0.83). In terms of belief scores, students who obtained a pass rate were less likely to exhibit unhealthy static behavior ( OR =0.67, 95% CI =0.52-0.87). Conclusion Sedentary behavior is common among college students, and is influenced by several factors influencing factors. Colleges and universities should pay attention to improving the knowledge and belief level of students’ sedentary behavior, promote healthy exercise habits, reduce the duration of static behavior, and maintain the health level of college students.

Background At present, domestic research on job burnout and health-related productivity is limited to medical workers, and the impact of job burnout on health-related productivity of enterprise staff deserves attention. Objective To explore the association between job burnout and health-related productivity loss among enterprise staff. Methods A cross-sectional online questionnaire survey was conducted among enterprise staff who were selected from seven enterprises in Minhang District of Shanghai. The Chinese version of Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) was used to assess job burnout, and a questionnaire based on and modified from the WHO Health and Work Performance Questionnaire was used to assess the loss of health-related productivity. Logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of job burnout on health-related productivity under the control of selected demographic characteristics, socio-economic factors, and occupational factors. Results A total of 3489 questionnaires were recovered, and 3156 valid questionnaires were included in the statistical analysis. Among the 3156 valid questionnaires, 2228 (70.8%) respondents were assessed as suffering from job burnout, in which 1858 (59.0%) were mild to moderate job burnout, and 370 (11.7%) were severe job burnout; the median score (interquartile range) of MBI-GS was 2.18（2.69）, the median rates (interquartile range) of absenteeism and presenteeism were 0.00% (0.00%) and 20.00% (50.00%), respectively. The prevalence of presenteeism significantly varied by gender, education, marital status, working years, job category, exhaustion, cynicism, professional efficacy, and job burnout (P<0.05). The prevalence of absenteeism significantly varied by education, marital status, working years, job category, exhaustion, cynicism, professional efficacy, and job burnout (P<0.05). Job burnout was positively correlated with absenteeism (r=0.157) and presenteeism (r=0.412) (P<0.01). After controlling for selected demographic characteristics, social economic factors, and occupational factors, the logistic regression showed that job burnout was associated with health-related productivity loss, the OR value remained relatively stable, and referring to negative job burnout, the OR (95%CI) of severe job burnout was 6.35 (4.52-8.92). Conclusion Job burnout of enterprise staff has a negative impact on health-related productivity. Severer job burnout associates with higher health-related productivity loss. Enterprises should pay attention to the prevention and control of job burnout to reduce health-related productivity loss.

Objective To explore the effective constituents from Sonchus arvensis L. and the potential mechanism in treating sepsis by network pharmacology. Methods The chemical ingredients reported in the literature were taken as research objects and Swiss Target Prediction database was used to collect the identify the potential targets of those ingredients. The GeneCards, OMIM and TTD databases were applied to screen the sepsis related molecular targets. The cross targets were obtained and used to construct the active ingredient-disease target network. In addition, the targets were also imported into STRING database to construct a PPI network. Finally, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed on the target genes to predict the mechanism via DAVID database. Results 71 components from S. arvensis L. were obtained, which corresponded to 579 potential drug targets. There were 3437 related targets of sepsis. S. arvensis L. and sepsis shared 272 common targets. The results showed that 1366 terms were found by GO function enrichment, including 245 molecular functions (MF), 1002 biological processes (BP), and 119 cell composition (CC), The KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that 166 signaling pathways were involved. Conclusion The study revealed that TNF, AKT1, IL-6, IL-1β, TP53 and some other targets might be affected by potentially active ingredients of S arvensis L. such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid and oleic acid to regulate the expression of steroids, sphingolipids hormones as well as epidermal factors and chemokines in treating sepsis.

Humans ; COVID-19 ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Risk Factors

Objective:To explore the protective effect and underlying mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP) in mice.Methods:Totally 225 adult male Kunming mice were selected to establish CO poisoning model via intraperitoneal injection carbon monoxide (CO), and were randomly divided into the air control group, CO poisoning group, and HBO group. Each group was further divided into five time points group, that was 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 d. The mice in the air control group were injected intraperitoneally with the same amount of air, and the HBO group received HBO treatment at the same time every day. DEACMP mice model was screened by behaviors using the open field test, new object recognition test and nesting test, and the content of myelin basic protein (MBP) were assayed. The mouse brain tissue and mitochondrial were prepared and malonialdehyde (MDA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were measured with ultraviolet spectrophotometer. MBP content in brain tissue and cytochrome C (CytC) content in the mitochondrial were measured by ELISA. The mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) was measured by flow cytometry.Results:Compared with the air control group, the content of carboxyhemoglobin (COHB) in blood increased significantly and the content of MBP in brain tissue decreased significantly in CO poisoning mice. CO poisoning mice showed motor ability and cognitive dysfunction. Compared with the air control group, the contents of MMP, CytC and ATP were significantly decreased ( P<0.01) in the CO poisoning group; while the MDA content was significantly increased ( P<0.01). Compared with the CO poisoning group, mice behaviors were improved significantly ( P<0.05), the content of MBP, MMP, CytC and ATP were increased ( P<0.05), while the MDA content decreased significantly ( P<0.01) in the HBO group. Conclusions:The abnormal mitochondrial function might be closely related to the occurrence and development of DEACMP, and HBO therapy plays an effective role in preventing and treating the DEACMP mice model via the mitochondrial pathway.