A bivalent chimeric virus-like particle(ND-FAdV-4/8a/8b cVLPs)displaying NDV HN protein,FAdV4 fiber-2 protein,FAdV-8a Fiber protein and FAdV-8b Fiber protein was construc-ted based on insect baculovirus expression system and Newcastle disease virus-like particle vector platform and was identified using indirect immunofluorescence,Western blot and transmission e-lectron microscopy.The results showed that recombinant baculoviruses rBV-c8aFiber and rBV-c8bFiber expressing FAdV-8a Fiber and FAdV-8b Fiber were successfully constructed.In addition,all components of ND-FAdV-4/8a/8b cVLPs were correctly expressed,and ND-FAdV-4/8a/8b cVLPs was a nanoparticle about 100 nm in size,with a capsule membrane and fibers,providing a green and safe virus-like particle vaccine candidate for the control of Newcastle disease and avian adenovirus disease.

To investigate the role of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich-repeat-contai-ning family member X1(NLRX1)in the replication of Newcastle disease virus(NDV),the ex-pression level of NLRX1 was examined following infection of 10-day-old specific pathogen-free(SPF)chicks and HD11 cells with the NDV NA-1 strain.Additionally,the proliferation of NDV,the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in HD11 cells,and the oxidative stress status were e-valuated in the presence of either overexpressed or underexpressed NLRX1.The results demonstra-ted that NA-1 infection led to an increase in NLRX1 expression both in vivo and in vitro.Further-more,overexpression of NLRX1 inhibited viral proliferation,enhanced the expression of cellularIL-1β,IL-6,and IFN-β,without affecting levels of autophagy or apoptotic cells.However,NLRX1 elevation resulted in elevated mRNA levels of iNOS,Keap1,Nrf2,NQO1,and HO-1 within 24 h.In conclusion,NLRX1 suppresses NDV proliferation by promoting early ROS production.

OBJECTIVE To provide a reference for the safe use of drugs in patients with complex venous thromboembolism （VTE） and acute renal insufficiency. METHODS Clinical pharmacists participated in the management of anticoagulant therapy for a patient with complex VTE complicated with acute renal insufficiency， and evaluated the patient as high-risk thrombosis and bleeding based on their medical history， laboratory test results， etc.； combined with the complexity of thrombosis and renal insufficiency， clinical pharmacists suggested that enoxaparin sodium should be used in the acute stage of thrombosis （5 to 21 days after onset）， and then warfarin should be adopted for oral anticoagulation treatment. Because the patient’s anticoagulation was not up to the standard （the target range of the international normalized ratio was 2-3）， clinical pharmacists suggested increasing the warfarin dose， detecting the warfarin metabolism genotype， and adjusting the warfarin dose according to the genotype； at the same time， clinical pharmacists developed an anticoagulation monitoring plan to ensure the safety of anticoagulation treatment. RESULTS Doctors had adopted all the recommendations of clinical pharmacists. The patient did not experience adverse events such as bleeding or worsening of thromboembolism during anticoagulation in the hospital. When the anticoagulation met the standards， the patient was allowed to be discharged with medication. CONCLUSIONS By participating in the anticoagulation treatment management of patients with complex VTE and acute renal insufficiency， clinical pharmacists have assisted doctors in formulating personalized anticoagulation plans to promote the compliance with the anticoagulation treatment standard and ensure the safety and effectiveness of medication for patients.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors and prognosis of endoleak after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of abdominal aortic aneurysm.Methods:The clinical data of patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms treated by endovascular repair at the Department of Vascular Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from Jun 2012 to Nov 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:During the first follow-up CTA after surgery,136 out of 299 patients had endoleak.A total of 186 patients had at least one CTA reexamination after discharge. Statistical analysis showed that excessive neck angulation was an independent risk factor for type Ⅰa endoleak ( t=-6.108, P<0.001), wider common iliac artery diameter (left Z=-2.787, P=0.005, Right Z=-2.381, P=0.017) and iliac aneurysm ( χ2=6.398, P=0.011) were risk factors for type Ⅰb endoleak. The survival time of patients in endoleak group was similar to no endoleak group. Conclusions:Excessive neck angulation is an independent risk factor for type Ⅰa endoleak. Most leaks resolve spontaneously ,the prognosis is fair.

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for the management of antithrombotic therapy in thrombocytopenia patients with atrial fibrillation and atherosclerosis. METHODS The clinical pharmacist participated in the treatment of a thrombocytopenia patient with atrial fibrillation and atherosclerosis， and analyzed the causes of thrombocytopenia according to the patient’s medical history and laboratory examination results. At the same time， the risk of thrombosis-bleeding was evaluated according to the relevant guidelines， and the clinicians were assisted in formulating individual antithrombotic therapy plan and pharmaceutical care plan for the patient. The literature on antithrombotic therapy related to thrombocytopenia was collected and analyzed by retrieving CNKI. RESULTS Thrombocytopenia was considered as primary thrombocytopenia in this patient， and the main risk of bleeding was age ≥65 years old， bleeding tendency， and combined use of antithrombotic drugs. After the clinical pharmacist assessed the risk of thrombosis and bleeding， the clinician was recommended to give full dose of Bemiheparin sodium injection + Dronedarone hydrochloride tablets + Metoprolol succinate sustained-release tablets. In view of thrombocytopenia， the clinician gave Compound zaofan pill， Caffeic acid tablet and Sheng xuexiaoban capsule， but the patient developed diarrhea after the medication. The clinical pharmacist suggested stopping Sheng xuexiaoban capsule， and the clinician adopted the clinical pharmacist’s suggestion. When the patient was discharged from hospital， the clinical pharmacist suggested that the antithrombotic therapy plan for discharge was anticoagulation alone or selective anticoagulation. The clinician chose selective anticoagulation treatment considering that the patient’s current thrombocytopenia， urinary occult blood （+） and fecal occult blood were weakly positive， and ordered the patient to take Metoprolol succinate sustained-release tablets + Atorvastatin calcium tablets at discharge. Literature analysis showed that the causes of thrombocytopenia of patients with thromboembolism mainly included heparin induced-thrombocytopenia， immune thrombocytopenia， etc. All patients were improved after symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSIONS By participating in the management of antithrombotic therapy for the thrombocytopenia patient with atrial fibrillation and atherosclerosis， clinical pharmacists can help effectively control the patient’s condition and ensure the safety and effectiveness of drug use.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and response time of cardioinhibitory type vasovagal syncope (VVS-CI) in children.Methods:The clinical data of 56 children with syncope or pre-syncope were retrospectively analyzed and they visited specialist clinic for syncope and were diagnosed as VVS-CI in the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from December 2012 to September 2019.Based on height and weight, BMI was calculated, and divided into low BMI group (35 cases) and normal BMI group (21 cases). Between the 2 groups, baseline heart rate, head-up tilt test (HUTT) positive response heart rate, baseline head-up tilt test (BHUT) positive response time, and sublingual nitroglycerin-provocated HUTT (SNHUT) positive response time were compared.The correlation between BMI and positive response time was analyzed.SPSS 22.0 software was applied for statistical analysis.Results:There were no significant differences in age, sex, duration of disease and number of syncope between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). No significant differences were found in baseline heart rate and positive response heart rate between the 2 groups [(78.5±15.3) times/min vs.(72.8±8.7) times/min, t=1.223, P=0.230; (44.0±13.9) times/min vs.(47.0±10.0) times/min, t=-0.664, P=0.511]. Compared with normal BMI group, BHUT positive patients/SNHUT positive patients were higher in low BMI group (27/8 cases vs.9/12 cases, χ2=4.839, P=0.027), and the positive response time of BHUT was shorter [(13.1±4.6) min vs.(23.7±9.5) min, t=-2.691, P=0.023]. There were no significant differences in SNHUT positive response time between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Low BMI was correlated with BHUT positive response time ( r=0.750, P=0.005). Normal BMI was not associated with BHUT positive response time ( r=0.316, P=0.217). There was no correlation between low BMI and normal BMI and SNHUT positive response time ( r=0.177, P=0.431; r=0.021, P=0.940). Conclusions:Low BMI is positively correlated with BHUT positive response time of children with VVS-CI.The time it takes for syncope occurrence was shorter in children with low BMI than that in normal BMI.

Objective:To investigate the difference of heart rate variability in cardioinhibitory type vasovagal syncope(VVS-CI) children with different body mass index(BMI).Methods:Clinical data of thirty-four children with syncope or pre-syncope were retrospectively analyzed, who visited specialist clinic for syncope and diagnosed as VVS-CI at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2012 to December 2019.BMI was calculated based on height and weight, and divided into lean group(BMI≤18.4 kg/m 2, n=19) and normal group(BMI 18.5-23.9 kg/m 2, n=15). Heart rate variability(HRV) of 24 h dynamic electrocardiogram was analyzed using linear analysis method.Time domain index included SDNN, SDANN, rMSSD and pNN50.Frequency domain index included total power(TP), ultra low frequency power(ULF), very low frequency power(VLF), low frequency power(LF), high frequency power(HF) and LF/HF. Results:There was no significant difference in SDNN, SDANN and rMSSD between lean and normal group( P>0.05), but pNN50 increased in lean group( P<0.05). No significant differences were found in TP, ULF, LF, HF and LF/HF between two groups( P>0.05), while VLF was lower in lean group than that in normal group( P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in time domain index and frequency domain index between different gender between lean and normal group( P>0.05). SDNN, SDANN and LF were higher in<12 years old than those in≥12 years old in lean group( P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in rMSSD, pNN50, TP, ULF, VLF, HF and LF/HF( P>0.05). ULF increased and LF decreased in<12 years old compared to ≥12 years old in normal group( P<0.05). No statistical differences were found in SDNN, SDANN, rMSSD, pNN50, TP, VLF, HF and LF/HF( P>0.05). Conclusion:The autonomic nervous regulation function of VVS-CI children with low BMI and normal BMI is different, resulting in HRV difference.There were also differences in HRV between<12 years old and ≥12 years old with the same BMI.

Objective To establish the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced autism spectrum disorder(ASD) models at second trimester in rat offspring,and to investigate the effect of LPS exposure on social interaction behavior and neuro-immune system in rat offspring.Methods Twelve-week-old pregnant specific pathogen free rats were randomly divided into non-exposed group(10 cases) and LPS-exposed group(10 cases).Rats in the exposure group were intraperitoneally injected with LPS 25 mg/kg at 12.5 d,while rats in the non-exposed group were intraperitoneally injected with 9 g/L saline.At the age of 28 days,10 rats were randomly selected from each group as the experimental group and the control group.The following tests were carried out in two groups of rats.Their offspring were randomly allocated to the control group (10 cases) and the experimental group (10 cases).The autism-like social behaviors were evaluated by the social interaction test.Density of dendritic spine was analyzed by Golgi staining.The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1) were analyzed by immunohistochemisty.The levels of i nterleukin (IL)-1 β,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,interferon-gamma (IFN-γ'),and transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β) in rat offspring were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The score of social interaction test in the experimental group [(-197.81 ± 101.83) scores] was lower than that in the control group [(132.73 ± 114.63) scores],and the difference was statistically significant (t =5.453,P ＜ 0.05).Density of dendritic spine in CA1 region of hippocampus was lower in the experimental group[(7.71 ± 1.33) numbers/10 μm] than that in the control group[(9.66 ± 1.76) numbers/10 μm] by Golgi staining,and the difference was statistically significant(t =2.775,P ＜ 0.05).Expressions of GFAP and IBA1 in experimental group were higher than those in the control group by immunohistochemisty.Levels of IL-1 β,IL-6,IL-10 and IFN-γ in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group,while level of TGF-β was lower than that in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P ＜0.05).The scores of social interaction test were correlated with the levels of IFN-γ(r =0.756,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion LPS exposure at early pregnancy may affect the neuro-immune system of rat offspring and result in autism-like behavior.

Newcastle disease virus-like particles (NDV VLPs) are composed of matrix protein (M) as the skeleton,with the insertion of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and/or fusion protein.NDV VLPs are reported to be immunogenic and can induce specific humoral and cellular immune responses.However,its relationship with innate immunity remains elusive.Dendritic cells (DCs) are a group of specialized antigen presenting cells,which are crucial in connecting innate immunity and adaptive immunity.In this study,NDV VLPs and murine DCs were used to investigate the connection between NDV VLPs and innate immunity.The DC maturation induced by NDV VLPs (M+ HN) was evaluated.The results showed that NDV VLPs could be effectively taken up by DC and presented to naive T cells.NDV VLPs-induced DC significantly up-regulated the expression of MHC Ⅱ and costimulatory molecules on DC surface,and subsequently promoted the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.This experiments also showed that different assembled NDV VLPs induced significant stimulating ability in cytokine levels.In summary,NDV VLPs can induce DC maturation,which gives insights to better understanding of VLPs-mediated innate immunity and provide information in selecting preferred NDV VLPs candidate.

Long-term tachycardia may cause tachycardiomyopathy(TCM),clinical manifestation is similar to the dilated cardiomyopathy.But,after treatment,cardiac function can be partially or completely recovered.By the explanation of definition,etiology,pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment progress of TCM,the aim of the thesis is to enrich the knowledge of clinician about the diagnosis and treatment of TCM.