Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer patients with different mismatch repair (MMR) statuses and their correlation with KRAS/NRAF/BRAF (KNB) gene mutations. Methods The clinicopathological data of 477 patients with colorectal cancer were collected, and MMR, microsatellite instability (MSI), and KNB status were detected via immunohistochemistry (IHC), PCR–capillary electrophoresis, and next-generation sequencing (NGS), respectively. The clinicopathological features of patients with different MMR statuses and correlations with KNB mutations were analyzed. Results Compared with the patients in the pMMR group, the patients in the classical dMMR group were younger, included more females, and exhibited more tumors in the right colon, mostly mucinous adenocarcinoma and poorly differentiated tumors (all P<0.05). The tumors in the nonclassical dMMR group were commonly found in the right colon and were prone to special histologic types (all P<0.05). MLH1-PMS2 codeletion, BRAF mutation, and KRAS G13 codon mutation were common in patients in both the classical and the nonclassical dMMR groups (both P<0.05). The results of MMR IHC (100%) were highly consistent with those of MSI PCR (99.1%). Patients in the classical dMMR group with KRAS mutations were younger, included more males, and were prone to specific histologic types, but distant metastasis was rare (all P<0.05). Conversely, lymph node metastasis was rare in patients in the nonclassical dMMR group with KRAS mutations (P=0.005). The mutation rate of the MSH6 gene was relatively high in the nonclassical dMMR group (P=0.002), and all patients presented complete deletion of MLH1-PMS2 combined with nonclassical expression of MSH6 (100%). Five patients with medullary carcinoma components had complete deletions of MLH1-PMS2. Among the five patients, three had combined nonclassical expression of MSH2/MSH6. Two of the three patients carried the MSH6 gene c.3261 locus mutation. Conclusion The clinicopathologic features of patients with classical/nonclassical dMMR colorectal cancer differ from those of patients with pMMR, and MMR IHC could be used to predict effectively the MSI status. The clinicopathologic features differ between classical and nonclassical dMMR colorectal cancer patients with KRAS mutations, but both groups present codeletion of MLH1-PMS2, BRAF mutation, and KRAS G13 codon mutation. In patients with nonclassical dMMR, complete deletion of MLH1-PMS2 combined with nonclassical expression of MSH6 is common. Mutations in the MSH6 gene may play a key role in the development of colorectal cancer with medullary carcinoma components.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of emergency video call system in remote guidance of non-medical volunteers to implement single person cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Methods:A scenario of sudden cardiac arrest with a bystander in a public place was created at Clinical Skill Training Center. 60 non-medical volunteers were randomly (ramdom number) divided into video group ( n = 40) and audio group ( n = 20). Volunteers in video group were remote instructed with the smart phone application software (APP) of Emergency Video Call System to implement CPR; the audio group receives remote voice guidance for CPR with a smart phone. The pressing depth, pressing frequency, volume of ventilation and the time of the first compression were compared between the two groups. The video group was divided into 5 subgroups to compare the cardiopulmonary resuscitation effect of 5 different models of smart phones. Ten CPR cycles were observed in each group. Results:the accuracy rate of pressing position in the video group was significantly higher than that in the audio group (91.5% vs 71.35%, P < 0.05); the proportion of pressing depth in the range of 5-6 cm was significantly higher than that in the audio group (62.79% vs. 44.73%, P < 0.05); the average pressing frequency was 100-120 times / min (70% vs. 52%, P < 0.05); the ventilation volume was 500-600 mL / time (18.25% vs. 10.75%, P < 0.05); The proportion of ventilation volume greater than 500ml / min was higher than that of audio group (64.88% vs. 43%, P < 0.05). The first pressing time was longer in the video group than in the audio group (131 s vs. 106 s, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the first ventilation time between the two groups (148 s vs. 144 s, P > 0.05). The total pressing pause time in video group was less than that in audio group (122.4 s vs. 164.2 s, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the above indicators among the five different models of smart phones in the video group ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:compared with audio remote guidance, video emergency system has obvious advantages in the accuracy of pressing position, pressing depth, pressing frequency, ventilation volume and pressing pause time, but the first pressing time is slightly longer than that of audio group. The popularization and application of the video system is supposed to improve the CPR quality and recovery success rate of non-medical personnel, and facilitated to encourage the first witness to implement CPR.

China/epidemiology* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology* ; Dyslipidemias/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prospective Studies

Objective: To investigate whether CD137-CD137L signaling could affect the secretion of mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) -derived exosomes through autophagy mediated Rab7 pathway. Methods: Primary thoracic aorta VSMCs from C57BL/6J mouse were obtained by tissue block adherence method. VSMCs between the third to fifth passages were used and VSMCs were divided into 4 groups: control group, CD137 agonist group, lentivirus control group, Rab7 lentiviral interference group. VSMCs in CD137 agonist group were treated with recombinant protein of CD137L (10 μg/ml), VSMCs in lentivirus control group were treated with lentiviral followed by recombinant protein of CD137L (10 μg/ml), VSMCs in Rab7 lentiviral interference group were treated with Rab7 lentiviral intervention followed by recombinant protein of CD137L (10 μg/ml). Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of LC3Ⅱ, p62, Rab7, CD9, CD81 and Hsc70. Fluorescence microscopy was used to track the changes of autophagy in cells infected with mRFP-GFP-LC3. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the morphology and size of VSMCs-derived exosomes. The nanoparticle tracking analysis(NTA) was used to detect the concentration and size of exosomes in each group. Results: (1) The expressions of Rab7, LC3Ⅱ and p62 protein in VSMCs of CD137 activation group were significantly higher than those in control group (all P<0.05). The expressions of Rab7, LC3Ⅱ and p62 protein in Rab7 lentivirus interference group was lower than in CD137 activation group (all P<0.05), while the expressions were similar between the lentivirus control group and the CD137 activation group (all P>0.05). (2) The total number of fluorescent spots and yellow fluorescent spots in the VSMCs of the CD137 activation group were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05), and the number of yellow fluorescent spots was higher than that of the red fluorescent spots in the VSMCs of the CD137 activation group ((50.3±0.9) vs. (10.3±1.5)/cell). The total numbers of fluorescent spots and yellow fluorescent spots in VSMCs of Rab7 lentivirus interference group were lower than those of CD137 activation group (both P<0.05), and the number of red fluorescent spots in VSMCs was higher than that of yellow fluorescent spots ((40.7±4.0) and (10.7±1.2)/cell) in the Rab7 lentiviral interference group. The total numbers of fluorescent spots and yellow fluorescent spots in the VSMCs were similar between the lentivirus control group and the CD137 activation group (all P>0.05). (3) Under transmission electron microscopy, the size of the VSMCs-derived exosomes was about 30-150 nm. The exosome markers (CD9, CD81) could be detected in vesicles by Western blot. NTA results showed that the concentration of VSMCs-derived exosomes was significantly higher in the CD137-activated group than in the control group (P<0.05), which was significantly lower in the Rab7 lentiviral interference group than in the CD137-activation group (P<0.05) and was similar between the lentivirus control group and the CD137 activation group (P>0.05). The expression of Hsc70 protein in exosomes secreted by CD137 activation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The expression of Hsc70 protein in exosomes was lower in Rab7 lentivirus interference group than in the CD137 activation group (P<0.05), which was similar between the lentivirus control group and the CD137 activation group (P>0.05). The expression of LC3Ⅱ protein in exosome was higher in CD137 activation group than in control group (P<0.05), which was lower in Rab7 lentivirus interference group than in CD137 activation group (P<0.05), which was similar between the lentivirus control group and the CD137 activation group (P>0.05). Conclusion The CD137-CD137L signaling may affect the secretion of mouse VSMCs-derived exosomes through modulating the Rab7 pathway mediated autophagy.

Objective To investigate whether CD137?CD137L signaling could affect the secretion of mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)?derived exosomes through autophagy mediated Rab7 pathway. Methods Primary thoracic aorta VSMCs from C57BL/6J mouse were obtained by tissue block adherence method. VSMCs between the third to fifth passages were used and VSMCs were divided into 4 groups: control group, CD137 agonist group, lentivirus control group, Rab7 lentiviral interference group. VSMCs in CD137 agonist group were treated with recombinant protein of CD137L (10 μg/ml), VSMCs in lentivirus control group were treated with lentiviral followed by recombinant protein of CD137L (10 μg/ml), VSMCs in Rab7 lentiviral interference group were treated with Rab7 lentiviral intervention followed by recombinant protein of CD137L (10 μg/ml). Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of LC3Ⅱ, p62, Rab7, CD9, CD81 and Hsc70. Fluorescence microscopy was used to track the changes of autophagy in cells infected with mRFP?GFP?LC3. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the morphology and size of VSMCs?derived exosomes. The nanoparticle tracking analysis(NTA) was used to detect the concentration and size of exosomes in each group. Results (1) The expressions of Rab7, LC3Ⅱand p62 protein in VSMCs of CD137 activation group were significantly higher than those in control group (all P<0.05). The expressions of Rab7, LC3Ⅱ and p62 protein in Rab7 lentivirus interference group was lower than in CD137 activation group (all P<0.05), while the expressions were similar between the lentivirus control group and the CD137 activation group (all P>0.05). (2) The total number of fluorescent spots and yellow fluorescent spots in the VSMCs of the CD137 activation group were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05), and the number of yellow fluorescent spots was higher than that of the red fluorescent spots in the VSMCs of the CD137 activation group ((50.3 ± 0.9) vs. (10.3 ± 1.5)/cell). The total numbers of fluorescent spots and yellow fluorescent spots in VSMCs of Rab7 lentivirus interference group were lower than those of CD137 activation group (both P<0.05), and the number of red fluorescent spots in VSMCs was higher than that of yellow fluorescent spots ((40.7 ± 4.0) and (10.7 ± 1.2)/cell) in the Rab7 lentiviral interference group. The total numbers of fluorescent spots and yellow fluorescent spots in the VSMCs were similar between the lentivirus control group and the CD137 activation group (all P>0.05). (3) Under transmission electron microscopy, the size of the VSMCs?derived exosomes was about 30-150 nm. The exosome markers (CD9, CD81) could be detected in vesicles by Western blot. NTA results showed that the concentration of VSMCs?derived exosomes was significantly higher in the CD137?activated group than in the control group (P<0.05), which was significantly lower in the Rab7 lentiviral interference group than in the CD137?activation group (P<0.05) and was similar between the lentivirus control group and the CD137 activation group (P>0.05). The expression of Hsc70 protein in exosomes secreted by CD137 activation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The expression of Hsc70 protein in exosomes was lower in Rab7 lentivirus interference group than in the CD137 activation group (P<0.05), which was similar between the lentivirus control group and the CD137 activation group (P>0.05). The expression of LC3Ⅱprotein in exosome was higher in CD137 activation group than in control group (P<0.05), which was lower in Rab7 lentivirus interference group than in CD137 activation group (P<0.05), which was similar between the lentivirus control group and the CD137 activation group (P>0.05). Conclusion The CD137?CD137L signaling may affect the secretion of mouse VSMCs?derived exosomes through modulating the Rab7 pathway mediated autophagy.

Objective To observe the effect oftert-Butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) on the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2),heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in high glucose cultured retinal Müller cells;and to investigate the anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic effects oftBHQ.Methods Retinal Müller cells were divided into normal glucose group (5.5 mmol/L,N group),high glucose group (45 mmol/L,HG group) and tBHQ intervention group (HG+tBHQ group).After retinal Müller cells were cultured with high glucose for 48 hours,the pretreatment with tBHQ (20 μmol/L) induced the expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and HO-1.The Müller cells were identified by immunofluorescence staining.The expressions of Nrf2,HO-1,PI3K,B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bax were detected by Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of retinal Müller cells in rats.Results Müller cytoplasm and nucleus GS showed strong positive,large cell body,abundant cytoplasm,uniform green fluorescence;nuclear DAPI staining round or oval,clear boundary.The expression of Nrf2 protein (t=4.114,P=0.006),HO-1 protein (t=9.275,P=0.000),Nrf2 mRNA (t=7.292,P=0.000) and HO-1 mRNA (t=15.014,P=0.000) in the HG group were higher than those in the N group.The expressions of Nrf2 protein (t=7.847,P=0.000),HO-1 protein (t=7.947,P=0.000),PI3K protein (t=5.397,P=0.002),Bcl-2 protein (t=6.825,P=0.000),Nrf2 mRNA (t=18.046,P=0.000),HO-1 mRNA (t=39.458,P=0.000),PI3K mRNA (t=4.979,P=0.003) and Bcl-2 mRNA (t=9.535,P=0.000) in the HG+tBHQ group were significantly higher than those in the HG group.The protein and mRNA expressions of Bax protein in the HG+tBHQ group were significantly lower than those in the HG group (t=14.998,16.520;P=0.000,0.000).Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate of Müiller cells in the HG group was significantly higher than that in the N group (t=39.905,P=0.000).The apoptosis rate of Müller cells in the HG+tBHQ group was significantly lower than that in the HG group (t=21.083,P=0.000).Conclusion tBHQ can inhibit the apoptosis of retinal Müller cells by up-regulating the expression ofNrf2,HO-1 and PI3K.

OBJECTIVETo screen out serum differential proteins between vinyl chloride monomer (VCM)-exposed workers and healthy controls by proteomics and analyze the functions of differential proteins, and to provide a basis for elucidating the pathogenesis of diseases caused by VCM exposure and searching for the protein biomarkers.

METHODSFasting venous blood was collected from 125 VCM-exposed workers and 40 healthy controls according to accumulated exposure doses. Proteins were precipitated by acetone precipitation. These proteins were identified by 2D-nano LC-ESI-TOF/MS and quantified by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation. The functions of differential proteins were analyzed by gene ontology.

RESULTSA total of 596 proteins were identified, including 194 quantified proteins. There were 21 differential proteins according to the screening criteria (19 upregulated proteins and 2 downregulated proteins), including complement, apolipoprotein, and glycoprotein. The functions of these differential proteins were binding, enzyme regulator activity, catalytic activity, and transporter activity, and they were involved in the biological processes including immune system process and response to stimulus.

CONCLUSIONThe complement, apolipoprotein, and glycoprotein identified in the proteomics may be related to liver injury caused by VCM exposure, and they could be used as candidate protein biomarkers of diseases caused by VCM exposure.

Biomarkers ; blood ; Blood Proteins ; analysis ; Humans ; Liver ; injuries ; Occupational Exposure ; Proteins ; metabolism ; Proteomics ; Vinyl Chloride ; toxicity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between CD147 expression and its untranslated regions 3'UTR rs8259 T/A polymorphism and acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

METHODSThe genotypes of CD147 were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods in 182 ACS patients and 328 healthy controls. The plasma level of CD147 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CD147 mRNA and protein expression was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot.

RESULTSThe plasma CD147 level obtained from radial artery in ACS patients ((3.63 ± 0.70) pg/L) was significantly higher than in control ((2.45 ± 0.27) pg/L, P < 0.05), and highest in plasma obtained from the coronary artery ((4.28 ± 1.03) pg/L, P < 0.05) in ACS patients. Furthermore, the plasma CD147 level was higher in the ACS patients with rs8259 AA genotype than in the ACS patients with rs8259 TT genotype ((4.08 ± 0.41) pg/L vs. (3.05 ± 0.79) pg/L in radial artery and (5.29 ± 0.62) pg/L vs. (3.13 ± 0.52) pg/L in coronary artery, both P < 0.05). There are an enhanced expression of CD147 mRNA (2.45 times higher than control) and protein (3.66 ± 1.56 vs. 1.81 ± 1.29) in PBMCs from ACS patients than that from controls (both P < 0.05). The PBMCs CD147 mRNA and protein expression level were significantly higher in ACS patients with rs8259 AA genotype (mRNA:2.45 ± 0.35, protein:1.63 ± 0.16) compared to ACS patients with rs8259 TT genotype (mRNA:1.69 ± 0.15, protein: 0.88 ± 0.16, both P < 0.05). Multiple logistic analysis showed that CD147 T allele (AT+TT) was a protective factor to ACS (OR = 0.667, 95% CI 0.507-0.879, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe over-expression of CD147 is involved in the pathogenesis of ACS. The CD147 3'UTR rs8259 T allele may be a protective factor for ACS, its polymorphism can affect the CD147 protein expression in ACS patients.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; genetics ; Alleles ; Basigin ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Genotype ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

Objectives To screen the high-risk population of stroke in China using color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI)and to establish a stroke risk prediction model in Chinese population in order to prevent and treat stroke early. Methods Forty-one base hospitals and 715 286 people in the project areas of the first 6 provinces of China conducted routine physical examinations and investigated the related risk factors for cardiocerebrovascular diseases from July 2011 to April 2012 using a cross-sectional study,among them 61 860 patients underwent carotid CDFI screening,and 49 386 of them were high-risk population (exposed to≥3 risk factors). The bilateral common carotid interma-media thickness (IMT),the number of plaques and the degree of carotid stenosis were screened and documented. And whether carotid IMT thickening or not,with or without carotid plaques,and degree of carotid artery stenotic rate 0-49% and≥50% were performed by multivariate logistic regression analysis with the risk factors for stroke,respectively. Results (1)Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension,atrial fibrillation,smoking,and lack of physical exercise were the independent risk factors for carotid IMT thickening (hypertension:OR,1. 17;95%CI 1. 12-1. 22;atrial fibrillation:OR,1. 15;95%CI 1. 09-1. 21;smoking:OR,1. 13;95%CI 1. 08-1. 17;and lack of physical exercise:OR,1. 12;95%CI 1.08-1. 16). (2)Hypertension,atrial fibrillation, smoking,and diabetes were the independent risk factors for carotid plaque and carotid artery stenosis rate≥50%(carotid plaque,hypertension:OR,1. 55;95%CI 1. 47-1. 62;atrial fibrillation:OR,1. 13;95%CI 1.06-1. 21;smoking:OR,1. 16;95%CI 1. 11-1. 22;and diabetes:OR,1. 30;95%CI 1. 24-1. 37). Carotid stenosis rate≥50%,hypertension:OR,1. 78;95%CI 1.55-2. 03;atrial fibrillation:OR,1. 59;95%CI 1. 39-1. 81;smoking:OR,1. 33;95%CI 1. 20-1. 48;and diabetes:OR,1. 30;95%CI 1. 17-1. 45. Simple obesity did not increase the incidences of carotid atherosclerotic plaque and carotid artery stenosis ≥50%(OR,0. 78, 0.83;95%CI 0. 75-0. 82 ,0. 75-0. 92,respectively). Conclusions Neck vascular ultrasound can be used as a valuable means for screening high-risk population and detecting risk factors of stroke. It has an important clinical significance for the early diagnosis and treatment of carotid atherosclerosis disease.

Objective To detect Pneumocystis carinii in sputum in patients with AIDS complicated with Pneumocystis pneumoniae (PCP)by using indirect immunofluorescence microscopy.Methods Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy was used to detect Pneumocystis carinii in sputum samples of 53 patients with AIDS complicated with suspected PCP,observed the clinical effects and outcomes of the patients.Results Of the 53 cases,30 cases were positive.The positive rate was 56.6％.Patients with positive CD4+ T lymphocyte count was in average 33.33 ± 42.99/μl,23 patients who were negative for PCP had a CD4+ T lymphocyte count of 104.13 ± 77.87/μ1.Conclusions The indirect immunofluorescence microscopy was specific rapid and sensitive method in detection of pneumocystis infection in HIV infected patients.