ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of the Wulao Qisun prescription on pathological new bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis （AS）. MethodsSynovial fibroblasts were isolated from the hip joints of AS patients and observed under a microscope to assess cell morphology. The cells were identified using immunofluorescence staining. The isolated AS fibroblasts were divided into blank group， low drug-containing serum group， medium drug-containing serum group， high drug-containing serum group， and positive drug group. After drug intervention， cell proliferation was measured using the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay to observe fibroblast growth and determine the optimal intervention time. Alkaline phosphatase （ALP） activity was measured using the alkaline phosphatase assay. Protein expression of osteocalcin （OCN）， osteopontin （OPN）， and runt-related transcription factor 2 （Runx2） was detected by Western blot. The mRNA expression levels of Wnt5a， β-catenin， and Dickkopf-1 （DKK-1） were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultsCompared with the blank group， each drug-containing serum group of Wulao Qisun prescription and the positive drug group inhibited the proliferation of AS fibroblasts and reduced ALP expression （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the low drug-containing serum group of Wulao Qisun prescription downregulated β-catenin mRNA expression （P<0.05）. The medium and high drug-containing serum groups and the positive drug group significantly downregulated Wnt5a and β-catenin mRNA expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）， with the positive drug group showing the most pronounced effect （P<0.01）. The high drug-containing serum group and the positive drug group significantly upregulated DKK-1 mRNA expression （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the low drug-containing serum group of Wulao Qisun prescription inhibited the expression of OPN and Runx2 proteins （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the medium and high drug-containing serum groups and the positive drug group inhibited the expression of OCN， OPN， and Runx2 proteins （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe Wulao Qisun prescription can inhibit the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of AS fibroblasts， thereby delaying the formation of pathological new bone in AS. The possible mechanism involves the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin-related gene expression， further inhibiting the transcription of downstream target genes.

The main protease (M^pro) of SARS-CoV-2 is an attractive target in anti-COVID-19 therapy for its high conservation and major role in the virus life cycle. The covalent M^pro inhibitor nirmatrelvir (in combination with ritonavir, a pharmacokinetic enhancer) and the non-covalent inhibitor ensitrelvir have shown efficacy in clinical trials and have been approved for therapeutic use. Effective antiviral drugs are needed to fight the pandemic, while non-covalent M^pro inhibitors could be promising alternatives due to their high selectivity and favorable druggability. Numerous non-covalent M^pro inhibitors with desirable properties have been developed based on available crystal structures of M^pro. In this article, we describe medicinal chemistry strategies applied for the discovery and optimization of non-covalent M^pro inhibitors, followed by a general overview and critical analysis of the available information. Prospective viewpoints and insights into current strategies for the development of non-covalent M^pro inhibitors are also discussed.

Osteoporotic proximal humeral fracture (OPHF) is one of the common osteoporotic fractures in the aged, with an incidence only lower than vertebral compression fracture, hip fracture, and distal radius fracture. OPHF, secondary to osteoporosis and characterized by poor bone quality, comminuted fracture pattern, slow healing, and severely impaired shoulder joint function, poses a big challenge to the current clinical diagnosis and treatment. In the field of diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of OPHF, traditional Chinese and Western medicine have accumulated rich experience and evidence from evidence-based medicine and achieved favorable outcomes. However, there is still a lack of guidance from a relevant consensus as to how to integrate the advantages of the two medical systems and achieve the integrated diagnosis and treatment. To promote the diagnosis and treatment of OPHF with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, relevant experts from Orthopedic Expert Committee of Geriatric Branch of Chinese Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Youth Osteoporosis Group of Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Osteoporosis Group of Orthopedic Surgeon Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and Osteoporosis Committee of Shanghai Association of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine have been organized to formulate Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic proximal humeral fracture with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine ( version 2024) by searching related literatures and based on the evidences from evidence-based medicine. This consensus consists of 13 recommendations about the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of OPHF with integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, aimed at standardizing, systematizing, and personalizing the diagnosis and treatment of OPHF with integrated traditional Chinse and Western medicine to improve the patients ′ function.

Objective: To explore the current status of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding tuberculosis(TB)prevention and control among high school students, and to compare differences between male and female students, so as to provide a scientific basis for targeted TB prevention and control measures in high schools. Methods: From April to May 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to conduct an electronic questionnaire survey among 1 912 students from 10 high schools using a compiled questionnaire on KAP towards TB prevention and control. The AMOS 26.0 software was utilized to construct structural equation modeling (SEM) and compared the difference among genders. Results: The overall awareness rate of core TB knowledge among high school students in Gongshu District was 76.62%. Additionally, core knowledge about TB (6.28±1.44), prevention attitudes (6.02±1.84), and prevention practices (6.38±2.11) scores of female students were higher than those of male students (5.96±1.74, 5.59±2.21, 6.15±2.23) ( t =4.31, 4.64, 2.25, P <0.05). The SEM showed that knowledge had a strong positive impact on practices and attitudes among boys, with total effect values of 0.963 and 0.819 , respectively; while the positive influence of attitudes on practices was relatively weak, with a total effect value of 0.186. Among girls, attitudes had a positive impact on practices and knowledge, with total effect values of 0.479 and 0.222, respectively. Conclusions The pathways and strengths of influence of KAP in the SEM of TB prevention and control differ between male and female high school students. Therefore, differentiated strategies should be implemented for TB health education targeting male and female high school students.

Background: Twenty-four-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) measurement is the initial diagnostic test for Cushing’s syndrome (CS). We compared UFC determination by both direct and extraction immunoassays using Abbott Architect, Siemens Atellica Solution, and Beckman DxI800 with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In addition, we evaluated the value of 24-hr UFC measured by six methods for diagnosing CS. Methods: Residual 24-hr urine samples of 94 CS and 246 non-CS patients were collected.A laboratory-developed LC-MS/MS method was used as reference. UFC was measured by direct assays (D) using Abbott, Siemens, and Beckman platforms and by extraction assays (E) using Siemens and Beckman platforms. Method was compared using Passing–Bablok regression and Bland–Altman plot analyses. Cut-off values for the six assays and corresponding sensitivities and specificities were calculated by ROC analysis. Results: Abbott-D, Beckman-E, Siemens-E, and Siemens-D showed strong correlations with LC-MS/MS (Spearman coefficient r = 0.965, 0.922, 0.922, and 0.897, respectively), while Beckman-D showed weaker correlation (r = 0.755). All immunoassays showed proportionally positive bias. The areas under the curve were 0.975 for Abbott-D, 0.972 for LCMS/MS, 0.966 for Siemens-E, 0.948 for Siemens-D, 0.955 for Beckman-E, and 0.877 for Beckman-D. The cut-off values varied significantly (154.8–1,321.5 nmol/24 hrs). Assay sensitivity and specificity ranged from 76.1% to 93.2% and from 93.0% to 97.1%, respectively. Conclusions Commercially available immunoassays for measuring UFC show different levels of analytical consistency compared to LC-MS/MS. Abbott-D, Siemens-E, and Beckman-E have high diagnostic accuracy for CS.

Objective:To observe the effects of high index of nutritional quality (INQ) enteral nutrition on clinical outcomes in elderly patients with acute heart failure. Methods:70 elderly patients with acute heart failure who had nutritional risk and needed nasal-feeding from the Department of Geriatrics of Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital and the 903 Hospital of PLA Joint Support Force Hospital were randomly divided into observation group (n=35) and control group (n=35). Patients in the observation group was treated with high INQ enteral nutrition. After 4 weeks of intervention, the difference of energy and protein supply, parenteral nutrition use, nutrition index, cardiac function index and incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reaction were compared between the two groups. Results:After intervention, the energy and protein supply of nasal-feeding in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05) , and the amount of parenteral nutrition used in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The nutritional indexes and cardiac function indexes of the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before intervention, and the nutritional status of the patients in the observation group was improved more significantly (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05) . Conclusion:High INQ enteral nutrition can meet the nutritional requirements of elderly patients with heart failure, reduce the use of parenteral nutrition, improve the nutritional status, and promote the recovery of cardiac function.

Objective To investigate the incidence rate,clinical characteristics,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen,China.Methods Led by Shenzhen Children's Hospital,the Shenzhen Neonatal Data Collaboration Network organized 21 institutions to collect 36 cases of neonatal stroke from January 2020 to December 2022.The incidence,clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of neonatal stroke in 21 hospitals from 2020 to 2022 was 1/15 137,1/6 060,and 1/7 704,respectively.Ischemic stroke accounted for 75％(27/36);boys accounted for 64％(23/36).Among the 36 neonates,31(86％)had disease onset within 3 days after birth,and 19(53％)had convulsion as the initial presentation.Cerebral MRI showed that 22 neonates(61％)had left cerebral infarction and 13(36％)had basal ganglia infarction.Magnetic resonance angiography was performed for 12 neonates,among whom 9(75％)had involvement of the middle cerebral artery.Electroencephalography was performed for 29 neonates,with sharp waves in 21 neonates(72％)and seizures in 10 neonates(34％).Symptomatic/supportive treatment varied across different hospitals.Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment was performed for 12 neonates(33％,12/36),with a mean score of(32±4)points.The prognosis of 27 neonates was followed up to around 12 months of age,with 44％(12/27)of the neonates having a good prognosis.Conclusions Ischemic stroke is the main type of neonatal stroke,often with convulsions as the initial presentation,involvement of the middle cerebral artery,sharp waves on electroencephalography,and a relatively low neurodevelopment score.Symptomatic/supportive treatment is the main treatment method,and some neonates tend to have a poor prognosis.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of tension-type headache(TTH)in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years globally in 1990-2021,and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of TTH.Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study data,the age-standardized prevalence distribution of TTH and its changing trend were analyzed among the children and adolescents aged 0-19 years,with different sexes,age groups,sociodemographic index(SDI)regions and countries/territories.Results The age-standardized prevalence rate(ASPR)of TTH in children and adolescents aged 0-19 globally in 2021 was 17 339.89/100 000,which was increased by 1.73%since 1990.The ASPR in females was slightly higher than that in males(1990:17 707.65/100 000 vs 16 403.78/100 000;2021:17 946.29/100 000 vs 16 763.09/100 000).The ASPR in adolescence was significantly higher than that in school-aged and preschool periods(1990:27 672.04/100 000 vs 10 134.16/100 000;2021:28 239.04/100 000 vs 10 059.39/100 000).Regions with high SDI exhibited a higher ASPR than the other regions,with significant differences in prevalence rates across different countries.From 1990 to 2021,there was a slight increase in global ASPR,with an average annual percentage change(AAPC)of 0.06%.Females experienced a smaller increase than males based on AAPC(0.04%vs 0.07%).There was reduction in ASPR in preschool and school-aged groups,with an AAPC of-0.02%,while there was a significant increase in ASPR in adolescence,with an AAPC of 0.07%.ASPR decreased in regions with low-middle and low levels of SDI,with an AAPC of-0.02%and-0.04%,respectively,while it increased in regions with middle SDI,with an AAPC of 0.24%.Conclusions There is a consistent increase in the ASPR of TTH in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years globally,with significant differences across sexes,age groups,SDI regions and countries/territories.

Ketamine,an antagonist of the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)receptor,is cur-rently one of the most widely abused psychoactive substances.Prolonged abuse can result in damages to various systems in the body,making it crucial to investigate the regulatory mechanism of ketamine addic-tion and screening related biomarkers.In this study,zebrafish embryos/larvae were initially exposed a-cutely to ketamine.Then,a ketamine addiction model was established in 6-month-old zebrafish through conditioned place preference(CPP)experiments.The zebrafish brain transcriptome was analyzed using RNA-seq,while qPCR and Western blotting were employed to detect the expression of key genes.Results revealed significant reductions in the spontaneous tail coiling,embryo hatching rate,and survival rate of zebrafish embryos in the ketamine-treated group compared to the control group.The distance moved also decreased significantly,from 1904.2 mm in the control group to 319.0 mm in the high dose of ketamine group(300 μmol/L).Conditional positional preference experiments demonstrated that the control ze-brafish did not exhibit significant changes in activity in the CPP tank.In contrast,the ketamine-treated group increased their activity time in the light zone of the tank from 385.2 s before training to 706.4 s af-ter training,representing a 26.8％increase(***P＜0.001).This suggests a preference for ketamine stimulation in zebrafish.KEGG analysis indicated enrichment of differentially expressed genes in the neu-roactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway in the ketamine-treated samples.GSEA analysis further re-veals a significant upregulation of the glutamatergic synapse pathway(NES=1.5).In addition,compared with the control group,the mRNA levels of Grin2b and Gria2 in the ketamine group increased by 4.6 and 1.4 times,respectively,while the protein levels increased by 2.0 and 1.4 times,respectively.These findings suggest that ketamine can induce addiction in zebrafish,potentially through upregulation of the glutamatergic synaptic pathway.

Objective This study aims to develop and validate a dynamic web-based nomogram for predicting kinetophobia in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A prospective design was employed to selectively enroll 330 PCI patients admitted to a hospital in Hangzhou from December 2022 to July 2023.Single-factor analysis and Lasso regression were utilized to identify independent risk factors for kinesophobia post-PCI.Logistic regression was performed using R software,and a nomogram was constructed.The model was assessed through the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)and Hosmer-Lemeshow tests.Results There were 206 cases of kinesiophobia in 330 patients after PCI,and the incidence was 62.4％.Logistic regression analysis identified combined heart failure,emergency surgery,NYHA cardiac function grade,ADL level,sedentary behavior,Chinese version of PROMIS Physical Function Summary Table score,and Chinese version of Perceptive Social Support Scale score as independent influencing factors for kinesophobia after PCI(P＜0.05).The AUC value of the model was 0.821,with a sensitivity of 70.4％and specificity of 82.0％.The Hosmer-Lemeshow fit test yielded a non-significant result(x2=9.350,P=0.314).Calibration and decision curves demonstrated the model's favorable calibration and clinical practicability.The C-index of the nomogram prediction model was 0.778,0.774,and 0.800,respectively,by 5-fold cross-validation,10-fold cross-validation,and the Bootstrap method.Conclusion The dynamic nomogram model developed in this study effectively predicts kinesophobia in patients after PCI.It provides valuable references and support for clinical staff in early identification of high-risk patients,enabling the formulation of individualized health education strategies and exercise rehabilitation plans.