Craniosynostosis is a prevalent congenital craniofacial anomaly characterized by premature fusion of cranial sutures. It is of great social significance for the study and prevention of the genetic mechanism of craniosynostosis. Mutant genes such as FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, TWIST1, MSX2, RAB, ERF related to craniosynostosis has been identified in humans, leading to the generation of a large number of recombinant animal models with similar functional acquisition or loss mutations to simulate various manifestations of craniosynostosis. The similarity of craniofacial development and molecular pathways between mice and humans makes them a good animal model for studying craniosynostosis. This article reviews the research progress of mouse models related to syndromic, non-syndromic craniosynostosis and craniosynostosis with non-human gene mutations, in order to provide a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of the genetic pathogenesis and treatment of this disease.

Parotid hypertrophy is a non-neoplastic, non-inflammatory and chronic salivary gland enlargement, which leads to facial "swelling", especially in the lower and lateral parts of the face, weakens the aesthetic feeling, and adversely affects the mental health of patients to a certain extent. However, there is no standard clinical treatment. In recent years, studies have explored and confirmed that botulinum toxin type A injection showed a good clinical effect in the treatment of parotid hypertrophy. With the aim of providing reference for the clinical treatment, the authors summarize the potential mechanism, Methods and complications of botulinum toxin type A treating parotid hypertrophy.

Acromegaly is a chronic disease predominantly caused by the hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH), typically due to a pituitary adenoma. The characteristic craniofacial deformities include pronounced zygomatic arches, frontal bossing, prognathism, dental malocclusion and macroglossia. It’s recommended that facial reconstructive interventions be deferred until the patient’s serum GH levels have been consistently normalized for at least 12 months. This review summarized the current knowledge on diagnosis, screening and facial management strategies for this disease.

Craniosynostosis is a prevalent congenital craniofacial anomaly characterized by premature fusion of cranial sutures. It is of great social significance for the study and prevention of the genetic mechanism of craniosynostosis. Mutant genes such as FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, TWIST1, MSX2, RAB, ERF related to craniosynostosis has been identified in humans, leading to the generation of a large number of recombinant animal models with similar functional acquisition or loss mutations to simulate various manifestations of craniosynostosis. The similarity of craniofacial development and molecular pathways between mice and humans makes them a good animal model for studying craniosynostosis. This article reviews the research progress of mouse models related to syndromic, non-syndromic craniosynostosis and craniosynostosis with non-human gene mutations, in order to provide a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of the genetic pathogenesis and treatment of this disease.

Parotid hypertrophy is a non-neoplastic, non-inflammatory and chronic salivary gland enlargement, which leads to facial "swelling", especially in the lower and lateral parts of the face, weakens the aesthetic feeling, and adversely affects the mental health of patients to a certain extent. However, there is no standard clinical treatment. In recent years, studies have explored and confirmed that botulinum toxin type A injection showed a good clinical effect in the treatment of parotid hypertrophy. With the aim of providing reference for the clinical treatment, the authors summarize the potential mechanism, Methods and complications of botulinum toxin type A treating parotid hypertrophy.

Acromegaly is a chronic disease predominantly caused by the hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH), typically due to a pituitary adenoma. The characteristic craniofacial deformities include pronounced zygomatic arches, frontal bossing, prognathism, dental malocclusion and macroglossia. It’s recommended that facial reconstructive interventions be deferred until the patient’s serum GH levels have been consistently normalized for at least 12 months. This review summarized the current knowledge on diagnosis, screening and facial management strategies for this disease.

Objective:This study aims to obtain the prevalence and features associated with Violence Against Children (VAC) in China and, thus, formulate a prevention strategy.Methods:The mortality-related data of VAC was sourced from the National Disease Surveillance Points System (DSP) during 2013-2021. We analyzed the DSP data regarding children aged 0-17 years old who died from violence. The hospital cases of VAC was sourced from the National Injury Surveillance System (NISS), 2013-2021. We analyzed the data from NISS with the parameter of "intentional injury" caused by VAC in children aged between 0-17 years. Using robust linear regression, we analyze the time trend in the proportion of violence incidence. To understand the variations in the incidence of different types of violence across genders, we apply the chi-square test and adjusted Pearson residuals.Results:The overall trend of death caused by VAC has declined; it was reduced to 0.14/100 000 in 2021 from 0.33/100 000 in 2013. In 2021, male VAC mortality (0.15/100 000) was higher than females (0.13/100 000). The proportion of VAC cases to all injury cases has declined from 3.34% in 2013 to 2.29% in 2021. Among 9 344 VAC cases supervised by hospitals in 2021, the number of males (7 503 cases) was around 4 times that of females (1 841 cases), and the top three modes of violence were blunt tools (64.77%), falls (7.46%) and sharp instruments (6.18%), and 45 cases of sexual violence included 38 girls and 7 boys.Conclusions:The declining death rate due to VAC may be related to the benign development of Chinese society. Prevention strategies targeting training in parenting skills and problem-solving should be prioritized.

Objective To investigate the application effect of a bedside ultrasound-guided intestinal cleaning program in patients with severe acute pancreatitis.Methods A total of 51 patients with severe acute pancreatitis admitted to the ICU of a tertiary A hospital in Shandong from March to September 2023 were selected by convenience sampling method,and they were divided into an experimental group and a control group according to random number table method.The experimental group was given the bedside ultrasound-guided intestinal cleaning program,and the control group was given the routine intestinal cleaning program.Acute gastrointestinal injury ultrasonography score,the incidence of grade Ⅲ acute gastrointestinal injury and intra-abdominal pressure were compared between the 2 groups before intervention,on the 3rd and 5th day.Results There was an interaction effect between time and group in the comparison of acute gastrointestinal injury ultrasonography scores in the 2 groups(F=7.478,P<0.001);simple effect analysis showed that acute gastrointestinal injury ultrasonography scores in the experimental group were lower than those in control group on the 3rd and 5th day,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The incidence of grade Ⅲ acute gastrointestinal injury in the experimental group(23%)was lower than that in the control group(60%),with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The intra-abdominal pressure had an interaction effect between the 2 groups(F=47.128,P<0.001);simple effect analysis showed that the intra-abdominal pressure in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group on the 3rd and 5th day,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion The bedside ultrasound-guided intestinal cleaning program can improve acute gastrointestinal injury and reduce intra-abdominal hypertension in patients with severe acute pancreatitis.

Cranial suture mesenchymal stem cells are a heterogeneous population of craniofacial stem cells with self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation capabilities. These cells play a crucial role in various physiological processes, including skull growth and development, maintenance of homeostasis, and injury repair. Previous studies on mesenchymal stem cells or skeletal stem cells have mainly focused on long bones, while relevant studies in the field of cranial bone research are quite limited. This paper provides a comprehensive summary of the discovery, extraction, and identification of cranial suture mesenchymal stem cells, along with an overview of their biological characteristics. Additionally, it reviews the latest advancements in understanding the role of cranial suture mesenchymal stem cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of craniosynostosis.

Craniosynostosis is a common congenital craniofacial deformity in which bony fusion time of cranial sutures is earlier than normal age. It is of great social significance for the study and prevention of the genetic mechanism of craniosynostosis. The identification of human mutant genes such as FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, TWIST1, MSX2, RAB, ERF related to craniosynostosis has stimulated the generation of a large number of recombinant animal models with similar functional acquisition or loss mutations to simulate various manifestations of craniosynostosis. The similarity of craniofacial development and molecular pathways between mice and humans makes them a good animal model for studying craniosynostosis. This article reviews the research progress of mouse models related to syndromic, non- syndromic craniosynostosis and craniosynostosis with non-human gene mutations, in order to provide a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of the genetic pathogenesis and treatment of this disease.