Objective To investigate risk factors for healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in patients with craniocerebral operation,and provide reference for the prevention and control of HAI.Methods A total of 4 246 cases of craniocerebral surgery in a neurosurgery department from January 2010 to December 2012 were enrolled in the study,the risk fac-tors for HAI were analyzed.Results Of 4 246 cases of craniocerebral surgery,393 patients developed 446 times of post-operative HAI,HAI incidence rate was 9.26%,case infection rate was 10.50%,which were higher than inci-dence (2.02%)and case infection rate (3.02%)of HAI of all hospital during the same period,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =811 .06,629.30,respectively,P <0.001).The major infection site was central nervous system (56.50%),followed by respiratory system (27.36%).Unconditional univariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex,age,community-acquired infection,primary disease,operative time,length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU)before infection,the number of surgery,invasive procedures and nasogastric tube,the difference was statistically significant (all P <0.05 ).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex,elderly pa-tients,congenital brain diseases,stay in ICU>7 d,antimicrobial use >7 d,central venous and urinary tract cathe-terization,invasive ventilator were risk factors for HAI in patients with craniocerebral operation.Conclusion The incidence of HAI in patients with craniocerebral operation is high,effective preventive and control measures accord-ing to risk factors should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of HAI.

OBJECTIVE To study the degree and regular of Aspergillus flavus air contamination in hospital.METHODS Some ambient air of different environment in our hospital was taken 5 times in one day of four seasons one year by using centrifugal air sampler,and then cultivated(using eumycete cultural methods),counted and analyzed.RESULTS A.flavus strain was collected in all sampling points in four seasons.The concentration of Aspergillus flavus in six standort was diverse from each other,and the highest was the out-patient clinic with 1238.9 CFU/m3.The concentration of Aspergillus flavus in each division of Medical Department was significant difference during four seasons(P0.05).The difference between internal medicine and external enviroment was significant between the first and the third season(P=0.022,P=0.039),but that of the second and the fouth season was not significant(P=0.022,P=0.624).CONCLUSIONS The contamination of Aspergillus flavus in hospital was severe.So it′s necessary to prevent the Aspergillus flavus infection and enhance the environmental control of susceptible population.

OBJECTIVE In order to prevent and control the nosocomial infection effectively by hospital construction design scientifically.METHODS The theory and the practical application of hospital construction,were analyzed and discussed to prevent the nosocomial infection.RESULTS The hospital construction was fundamental in preventing and controlling nosocomial infection.It could control exogenous nosocomial infection.Through scientific and effective isolation,the hospital construction could help to control source of infection,cut off infection routin and protect the susceptible population.CONCLUSIONS Hospital construction design should conform to the principle of nosocomial infection precention and control.

OBJECTIVE To understand the prevalence of HIV infection in hospitalized patients and the prevention measures.METHODS The prevalence of HIV infection of the hospitalized patients in our General Hospital from Jan 2005 to Jun 2009 was investigated retrospectively.The time,population and endemic distribution of the HIV infected patients were analyzed.RESULTS Forty-eight HIV infected patients(19 HIV patients),were screened out from 271 955 hospitalized patients from Jan 2005 to Jun 2009 with year by year increasing.Most of HIV infected patients(62.5%) came from Beijing,Henan and Hebei provinces.Some sporadic patients came from other areas.CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HIV infected patients among hospitalized patients in our hospital is increasing in recent years.The prevention measures in diagnosis and therapy process for these patients should be strengthened to reduce hospital infection.

OBJECTIVE To compare modified Kane/Fischer system and PCR method in identification for Trichophyton rubrum.METHODS Using modified Kane/Fischer system and TR1F and TR1R primers to identify 32 strains of dermatophytes.RESULTS The modified Kane/Fischer system and PCR could rapidly and stably(identify) T.rubrum.CONCLUSIONS The two methods can be used as the standard system to identify T.rubrum.

OBJECTIVE To strengthen occupational safety and health(OSH) management of medical service. METHODS To analyze actuality of OSH management and internal and international laws and regulations for OSH management,and give the proposition of its construction. RESULTS On the basis of the requirement,a set of OSH management scheme was established. CONCLUSIONS It is imperative that construct occupational safety and health management laws and regulations and system in medical service.They are pacing factors for physical and mental health of medical members.

OBJECTIVE To select applicable air disinfectors that can be used at indoor dynamic state to disinfect air in hospital.METHODS Some different air disinfectors were installed different volumetric rooms.To detect indoor air bacterial content before and after running the air disinfectors at quiet state and dynamic state.To evaluate the disinfection effect of these air disinfectors according to the eliminateion rates.RESULTS At quiet state,the indoor bacteria eliminateion rate exceed 90% after the air disinfectors running 0.5h.So the disinfection were qualified.At dynamic state,these air disinfectors showed good lasting disinfection effect.CONCLUSIONS The air disinfectors solve the problem of indoor air disinfection at dynamic state.It is imperative that select and use exactly the air(disinfectors) to get good disinfection effect.

OBJECTIVE To attend to the importance and issues of using the enzyme cleaner for the reprocessing of medical instrument. METHODS The principle, usage, precautions, and the selection of enzyme cleaner were analyzed. RESULTS The cleaning of the medical instrument must use the liquid enzyme detergent that has the following characters: clear solution, no or low foam, free rinsing, flexibilities to the water temperature, and no limitation to the water quality. CONCLUSIONS For successful cleaning of the medical instrument the use of the high-quality enzyme cleaner is required. A complete cleaning of the medical instrument is the first step to assure the quality of disinfection, sterilization, and the infection control.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of the nanometer photocatalysis air disinfector.METHODS The air disinfection effect of nanometer photocatalyis air disinfectior JBL-400 series,such as the self-cycling movable,mosaic and attached to the wind gap air disinfectors,was detected in the simulating field trial and field trial in intensive care units,operating rooms and therapy rooms according to the Disinfection Technique Standards.RESULTS The kill ratio of self-cycling air disinfector in simulating trial was more than 99.9%.After constant air disinfection in the above three kinds of medical divisions,the total bacteria number of static state in these places could reach to the standard of area Ⅱ(≤200 CFU/m3),with 56.8-78.4% dissolution ratio of the natural bacteria.The total bacteria number of dynamic state in these places could reach to the standard of area Ⅱ or area Ⅲ.CONCLUSIONS The JBL-400 series air disinfector has diverse application forms,and disinfects quickly with good effects.It can be used in all kinds of medical divisions.

OBJECTIVE To give experimental basis for further investigation on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm resistance,we investigated the erythromycin repression of the planktonic,resuspended and biofilm cells.METHODS log Reduction of the planktonic,resuspended and biofilm cells of S.epidermidis strain 1457 and wild isolate S 68 was tested under 100 MIC erythromycin.The cells inside biofilm were observed by transmission electron microscope.RESULTS log Reduction of the planktonic and resuspended cells of S.epidermidis 1457 were 5.56?0.11 and 5.28?0.08,respectively,after 4h under 100 MIC erythromycin,which was higher than that of biofilm cells(P0.05).The tendency of the log reduction of isolate S 68 was the same as that of strain 1457.The cells of biofilm without erythromycin were spherical and of even distributed,but the swelling,liquefied cells and cell debris were observed in the biofilm with erythromycin after 12h.The arrangement of cells inside biofilm with erythromycin was looser than that without erythromycin.CONCLUSIONS The erythromycin resistance of biofilm cells is higher.Biofilm can give protection for the bacteria to avoid the killing of action by antibiotics.