Purpose: This study aimed to explore the trends in research keywords and topics in the field of urology based on text mining over the recent decades. The investigation looked into changes in frequent subject keywords and the trends in prevailing research topics, as reflected in representative urology journals over recent decades. Materials and Methods: A total of 27,129 bibliographic documents were collected from four urology journals, including European Urology, Journal of Urology, BJU International, and World Journal of Urology. The study then examined the changes in the most frequent author keywords over the decades. Moreover, structured topic modeling was employed to identify twenty prevailing research topics in urology and to examine their trends across different periods. Results: The study observed consistently increasing patterns in author keywords and topics related to the prostate and oncology.Conversely, research fields such as pediatrics, male infertility, voiding dysfunction, and cancer biology exhibited a downward trend in urology. Potential factors or reasons underlying these trends were further discussed in this study. Conclusions This exploratory study uncovered major research topics in the discipline of urology. The findings of this study depict the domain of urology research in recent decades, providing insights for both researchers and clinicians seeking to better understand the research trends in the discipline.

Background: The life expectancy of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) has significantly improved with advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, aging PLWH face a growing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), polypharmacy, and drug-drug interactions (DDIs), which pose challenges in their management. This study investigates the prevalence of NCDs, polypharmacy, and DDIs among PLWH aged ≥50 years in Korea and their impact on quality of life (QOL). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 243 PLWH aged ≥50 years receiving ART for at least three months at three university hospitals in Korea between January and July 2022. Data were collected through electronic medical records and personal interviews, assessing demographics, comorbidities, polypharmacy, ART adherence, and QOL using the Korean version of WHOQOL-HIV BREF scale. Potential DDIs were analyzed using the University of Liverpool HIV Drug Interaction Database, and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) were identified using the 2023 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria. We classified participants into three age groups:50–<65 years, 65–<75 years, and ≥75 years. Results: The prevalence of comorbidities was 71.6%, with older participants (≥75 years) showing a significantly higher burden, including bone diseases, osteoarthritis, and dementia (P<0.001). Polypharmacy was observed in 28.4% of participants and increased with age, with 53.3% of those aged ≥75 years taking ≥10 pills daily.Polypharmacy was associated with poorer QOL (71.6 vs. 76.6, P=0.010). Amber-flag DDIs were found in 81 participants (33.3%), most commonly involving metformin and divalent cations. No red-flag DDIs were identified.PIMs were observed in 6.6% of participants aged ≥65 years. Conclusion Aging PLWH in Korea face significant challenges from comorbidities, polypharmacy, and DDIs, which negatively impact QOL. Integrated, age-specific, and multidisciplinary care strategies are urgently needed to improve outcomes and ensure the well-being of older PLWH.

Background: Among gliomas, the most common primary malignant brain tumor, incidental gliomasaccount for 2.5%–5% of cases. The controversy over whether to pursue immediate treatment or adopt a wait-and-see approach remains, and more molecular and immunological evidence is needed for definitive treatment decisions. Methods: Total RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq)data were retrospectively analyzed to compare the molecular and immunological tumor microenvironment differences between incidental glioma and symptomatic glioma samples. These were classified using symptom data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and public dataset. Results: RNA-seq analysis of the GBMLGG dataset identified 343 genes upregulated in symp-tomatic glioma and 118 in incidental glioma, with 104 common genes upregulated in symptomatic glioma across both the TCGA and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) datasets. Enrichment analysis revealed that these 104 genes in symptomatic glioma were significantly associated with immunological pathways. scRNA-seq analysis of glioma revealed 11 cell types, including T cells, myeloid cells, and oligodendrocytes, with the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway strongly influencing other cell types, particularly myeloid cells. Enrichment and survival analyses showed that TNF signaling is associated with temozolomide resistance and poorer prognosis in glioma patients. Conclusion The findings suggest that symptomatic glioma enhances inflammatory responseslinked to poor prognosis and chemoresistance. This supports the hypothesis that immediate treatment of incidental glioma may improve patient outcomes over a wait-and-see approach.

Background: Among gliomas, the most common primary malignant brain tumor, incidental gliomasaccount for 2.5%–5% of cases. The controversy over whether to pursue immediate treatment or adopt a wait-and-see approach remains, and more molecular and immunological evidence is needed for definitive treatment decisions. Methods: Total RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq)data were retrospectively analyzed to compare the molecular and immunological tumor microenvironment differences between incidental glioma and symptomatic glioma samples. These were classified using symptom data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and public dataset. Results: RNA-seq analysis of the GBMLGG dataset identified 343 genes upregulated in symp-tomatic glioma and 118 in incidental glioma, with 104 common genes upregulated in symptomatic glioma across both the TCGA and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) datasets. Enrichment analysis revealed that these 104 genes in symptomatic glioma were significantly associated with immunological pathways. scRNA-seq analysis of glioma revealed 11 cell types, including T cells, myeloid cells, and oligodendrocytes, with the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway strongly influencing other cell types, particularly myeloid cells. Enrichment and survival analyses showed that TNF signaling is associated with temozolomide resistance and poorer prognosis in glioma patients. Conclusion The findings suggest that symptomatic glioma enhances inflammatory responseslinked to poor prognosis and chemoresistance. This supports the hypothesis that immediate treatment of incidental glioma may improve patient outcomes over a wait-and-see approach.

Background: The life expectancy of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) has significantly improved with advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, aging PLWH face a growing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), polypharmacy, and drug-drug interactions (DDIs), which pose challenges in their management. This study investigates the prevalence of NCDs, polypharmacy, and DDIs among PLWH aged ≥50 years in Korea and their impact on quality of life (QOL). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 243 PLWH aged ≥50 years receiving ART for at least three months at three university hospitals in Korea between January and July 2022. Data were collected through electronic medical records and personal interviews, assessing demographics, comorbidities, polypharmacy, ART adherence, and QOL using the Korean version of WHOQOL-HIV BREF scale. Potential DDIs were analyzed using the University of Liverpool HIV Drug Interaction Database, and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) were identified using the 2023 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria. We classified participants into three age groups:50–<65 years, 65–<75 years, and ≥75 years. Results: The prevalence of comorbidities was 71.6%, with older participants (≥75 years) showing a significantly higher burden, including bone diseases, osteoarthritis, and dementia (P<0.001). Polypharmacy was observed in 28.4% of participants and increased with age, with 53.3% of those aged ≥75 years taking ≥10 pills daily.Polypharmacy was associated with poorer QOL (71.6 vs. 76.6, P=0.010). Amber-flag DDIs were found in 81 participants (33.3%), most commonly involving metformin and divalent cations. No red-flag DDIs were identified.PIMs were observed in 6.6% of participants aged ≥65 years. Conclusion Aging PLWH in Korea face significant challenges from comorbidities, polypharmacy, and DDIs, which negatively impact QOL. Integrated, age-specific, and multidisciplinary care strategies are urgently needed to improve outcomes and ensure the well-being of older PLWH.

Background: Among gliomas, the most common primary malignant brain tumor, incidental gliomasaccount for 2.5%–5% of cases. The controversy over whether to pursue immediate treatment or adopt a wait-and-see approach remains, and more molecular and immunological evidence is needed for definitive treatment decisions. Methods: Total RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq)data were retrospectively analyzed to compare the molecular and immunological tumor microenvironment differences between incidental glioma and symptomatic glioma samples. These were classified using symptom data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and public dataset. Results: RNA-seq analysis of the GBMLGG dataset identified 343 genes upregulated in symp-tomatic glioma and 118 in incidental glioma, with 104 common genes upregulated in symptomatic glioma across both the TCGA and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) datasets. Enrichment analysis revealed that these 104 genes in symptomatic glioma were significantly associated with immunological pathways. scRNA-seq analysis of glioma revealed 11 cell types, including T cells, myeloid cells, and oligodendrocytes, with the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway strongly influencing other cell types, particularly myeloid cells. Enrichment and survival analyses showed that TNF signaling is associated with temozolomide resistance and poorer prognosis in glioma patients. Conclusion The findings suggest that symptomatic glioma enhances inflammatory responseslinked to poor prognosis and chemoresistance. This supports the hypothesis that immediate treatment of incidental glioma may improve patient outcomes over a wait-and-see approach.

Background: The life expectancy of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) has significantly improved with advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, aging PLWH face a growing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), polypharmacy, and drug-drug interactions (DDIs), which pose challenges in their management. This study investigates the prevalence of NCDs, polypharmacy, and DDIs among PLWH aged ≥50 years in Korea and their impact on quality of life (QOL). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 243 PLWH aged ≥50 years receiving ART for at least three months at three university hospitals in Korea between January and July 2022. Data were collected through electronic medical records and personal interviews, assessing demographics, comorbidities, polypharmacy, ART adherence, and QOL using the Korean version of WHOQOL-HIV BREF scale. Potential DDIs were analyzed using the University of Liverpool HIV Drug Interaction Database, and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) were identified using the 2023 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria. We classified participants into three age groups:50–<65 years, 65–<75 years, and ≥75 years. Results: The prevalence of comorbidities was 71.6%, with older participants (≥75 years) showing a significantly higher burden, including bone diseases, osteoarthritis, and dementia (P<0.001). Polypharmacy was observed in 28.4% of participants and increased with age, with 53.3% of those aged ≥75 years taking ≥10 pills daily.Polypharmacy was associated with poorer QOL (71.6 vs. 76.6, P=0.010). Amber-flag DDIs were found in 81 participants (33.3%), most commonly involving metformin and divalent cations. No red-flag DDIs were identified.PIMs were observed in 6.6% of participants aged ≥65 years. Conclusion Aging PLWH in Korea face significant challenges from comorbidities, polypharmacy, and DDIs, which negatively impact QOL. Integrated, age-specific, and multidisciplinary care strategies are urgently needed to improve outcomes and ensure the well-being of older PLWH.