Objective:To systematically integrate qualitative researches on the financial toxicity experience of cancer patients, so as to provide reference for formulating intervention strategies for financial toxicity in cancer patients.Methods:Qualitative studies on financial toxicity experience of cancer patients were searched in Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang data, and China Biology Medicine disc, with a search period from database establishment to August 31, 2023. The quality of the included literature was evaluated using the quality evaluation criteria for qualitative research of the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Based Health Care Center in Australia. The aggregation integration method was used to integrate the results.Results:A total of 12 articles were included, and 68 research results were extracted and categorized into 15 new categories. Four integrated results were obtained, including anxiety and stress under financial difficulties, relying on family members to start a new in adversity, and dancing together with treatment and life to write a new article, and great expectations for the future.Conclusions:Pay attention to the financial toxicity of cancer patients, actively seek response strategies, and bring benefits to cancer patients.

Objective To evaluate the colon cleaning efficacy and safety of prucalopride combined with polyethylene glycol electrollytes powder in bowel preparation for colonoscopy examination and treatment under colonoscopy in elderly patients.Methods Elderly patients who prepared for colonoscopy were enrolled from October 2014 to January 2015.They were divided into group A,B and C.Patients of group A only took polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder (137.12 g dissolved in 2 000 mL warm water,stired until completely dissolved),patients of group B took polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder (same usage as group A) combined with prucalopride 2 mg/d for one day,patients of group C took polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder (same usage as group A) combined with prucalopride 2 mg/d for three days.The bowel preparation effects,especially ascending colon and ileocecal junction and cardiovascular adverse effects in all the patients and constipation patients of three groups were compared.Student t test,chisquare test and analysis of variance were performed for statistical analysis.Results A total of 124 elderly patients were divided into group A (64 cases),group B (23 cases) and group C (37 cases).Bowel preparation scores of total colon and ascending colon-ileocecal junction of group A,B,C were 8.34±0.90 and 2.56±0.56,8.96±0.21 and 2.96±0.21,8.86±0.35 and 2.86±0.35,respectively.The cleaning effects in total colon and ascending colon-ileocecal junction of group B were better than those of group A (t=5.52 and 5.15,both P＜0.05).The cleaning effects in total colon and ascending colon-ileocecal junction of groupCwere better than those of group A (t=4.69,3.65,both P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between group B and group C in cleaning effects in total colon and ascending colon-ileocecal junction (both P＞0.05).There were 33,11 and 29 constipation cases in group A,B and C,respectively.The bowel preparation scores for total colon and ascending colon and ileocecal junction of group A,B,C were 7.85±0.94 and 2.24±0.56,8.91±0.30 and 2.91±0.30,8.83±0.38 and 2.83 ± 0.38,respectively.The cleaning effects in total colon and ascending colon-ileocecal junction of group B were better than those of group A (t=6.72 and 5.49,both P＜0.05).The cleaning effects in total colon and ascending colon-ileocecal junction of group C were better than those of group A (t=104.04 and 59.65,both P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between group B and group C in cleaning effects in total colon and ascending colon ileocecal junction (both P＞ 0.05).No obvious cardiovascular adverse events were observed in the patients of three groups.Conclusions The cleaning effects of prucalopride combined with polyethylene glycol electrolytes powder are good for colonoscopy examination in elderly patients,including elderly patients with constipation,especially in ascending colon and ilecocecal junction.No obvious cardiovascular adverse events are observed.

Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) has developed more than 40 years in the treatment of laryngeal cancer. TLM is especially important in the minimally invasive surgery of laryngeal carcinoma. Compared with the traditional open surgery, it is a major breakthrough, which has the significant advantages such as safety, effectiveness, low rate of local recurrence and high rate of larynx preservation. Not only can cure early laryngeal cancer, but also more and more the use of TLM in advanced supraglottic and glottic laryngeal cancer were reported. This article will review the characteristics, indications, superiority, surgical options and efficacy of the TLM in laryngeal carcinomas.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Glottis ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Laryngectomy ; Laser Therapy ; Microsurgery ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Organ Sparing Treatments ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures

OBJECTIVE: Understand the changes before and after treatment in patients with severe OSAHS serum S100β protein, NSE levels and cognitive function. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in patients with severe OSAHS. Serum S100β protein, NSE levels and cognitive function were examined before and after the therapy. METHOD: Select one hundred patients diagnosed as severe OSAHS were included, by polysomnography (PSG) diagnosis of severe OSAHS patients. Determination of serum S100β protein, and NSE levels and theat the same time be MoCA score were checked at after the day after admission, CPAP treatment for the 7th days after CPAP treatment and the 90th day after, comprehensive treatment in these patients for 3 months. Assessment of severe OSAHS patients with serum S100β protein, NSE basic level and MoCA score situation. Comparison of three groups serum S100β protein, NSE levels and MoCA score changes. Serum S100β protein, NSE detection assay (ELISA) method using enzyme-linked immunosorbent. RESULT: (1) Severe OSAHS patients with serum S100β protein, and NSE levels in severe OSAHS patients were positively correlated with AHI, but negatively correlated with lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO2); (2) MoCA score in patients with severe OSAHS was significantly negatively correlated with AHI, but positively correlated with LSaO2; (3) S100β protein, NSE levels were negatively correlated with MoCA score; (4) Compared with admission, serum S100β protein, and NSE levels in these patients have declined after 7 days CPAP therapy, compared with admission the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After 3 months of comprehensive treatment, patients' serum S100β protein and, NSE levels were significantly decreased, compared with the admission and the 7th days after CPAP treatment. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). (5) After CPAP treatment for 7 days, the MoCA scores were slightly higher, but have there was no statistically significant difference compared with the admission (P > 0.05). After 3 months of comprehensive treatment, MoCA score improved significantly, compared with the admission and 7 days after CPAP treatment the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Comprehensive treatment can reduce serum S100β protein, and NSE levels, and improve MoCA score. Disease severity in patients with OSAHS have a correlation some relative.with the serum S100β protein, NSE levels and MoCA score. Long-term hypoxemia and the structure of sleep disorders may be the cause of elevated serum S100β protein, NSE levels elevated and causes of cognitive dysfunction. Comprehensive treatment can improve patient hypoxemia, correct disorders of sleep structure ,and can improve cognitive function and to improve the quality of life of patients.
Cognition Disorders ; blood ; etiology ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Humans ; Polysomnography ; Quality of Life ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; blood ; S100 Proteins ; blood ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; blood ; therapy

OBJECTIVE: As a subtype membrane receptor of tumor necrosis factor alpha, not much is known about the link between the soluble TNF receptor-I and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. We hypothesized that the TNF receptor might play an important role in the inflammation in patients with OSAHS, moreover this study was undertakan to investigate the effects of multimodality therapies on its periphery blood level. METHOD: Seventy-seven adults with habitual snoring and mean age of 34.9 +/- 11 years old consented to participate in the study. All participants were studied with overnight polysomnography, physical examination and a blood crew at baseline. According to the severity of OSAHS, they were categorized into three groups and one control group. Moderate and severe OSAHS groups returned for a repeat test of polysomnography and a blood crew at 3 months after the ENT surgery or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). serum levels were measured by using an immunoluminometric assay kit. RESULT: (1) Compared with control non-OSAHS group, serum sTNF-R I levels prior to treatment in OSAHS groups were significantly greater, with a mean serum levels at (742 +/- 258 & 340 +/- 102) pg/ml (P < 0.05), respectively. (2) Plasma solube tumor necrosis factor receptor-I responsed sensitively to the effect of comprehensive therapies when we compared its prior treatment levels with post ones. (3) Analysis was used to assess the associations adjusting for age, gender, BMI and weight ,a positive assosiation were found between apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and sTNF-R I (r = 0.646, P < 0.01) a negative assosiation were found between lowest nadir oxygen saturation (LSaO2) and (r = 0.522, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION ln summary, independent of age, gender, BMI and weight ,our datas suggest a relationship can be found between the the severity of OSAHS and periphery blood level of soluble TNF receptor-I. Comprehensive therapies is effective in changing sTNF-R I. sTNF-R I may be recommended as a Inflammation factor of OSAHS.
Adult ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polysomnography ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor ; blood ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; blood ; therapy ; Snoring ; blood ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and free fatty acids (FFA) in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) patients. And the relativity among the serum level of MMP-9, FFA, four factors of blood lipids,hypopnea index (AHI), minimum oxygen saturation, body mass index (BMI) in OSAHS patients. METHOD: Fifty cases diagnosed of OSAHS,with integral clinical data in our department, were enrolled in the research. Fifty cases were selected as control group by the sleepiness scale score and the exclusion of the physical examination OSAHS. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) of the body mass index (BMI) and age in the two groups. Two fasting venous blood samples of 3 ml were taken from every object in the morning wake from sleep monitoring and kept at room temperature for 30 min. The samples were sent to the laboratory to test the four factors of blood lipid and the FFA by colorimetric determination. Another fasting venous blood samples of 3 ml was preserved in refrigerator at -75 degrees C, used for serum MMP-9 test with Enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA). SPSS 13.0 statistical software was used for all relevant data processing and analysis. RESULT: Serum levels of MMP-9 and FFA in severe OSAHS cases were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.01). Serum four factors of blood lipids level of severe OSAHS was a little higher(P < 0.05) than those in control group. There were a close relationship among serum FFA and TG, LSaO2 , BMI and AHI in severe O()SAHS patients. Serum FFA level was positively related with TG, BMI and AHI and negatively related with LSaO2. There were also a close relationship among serum MMP-9 and FFA, LSaO2 and AHI. The serum MMP-9 was positively related with FFA and AHI and negatively related with LSaO2. There was a positive linear correlation between serum FFA concentration and MMP-9 concentration in severe OSAHS cases. CONCLUSION The higher risk of endocrinopathy and cardiovascular diseases were happened in OSAHS patients. The higher expression of both MMP-9 and FFA in OSAHS cases suggested a higher risk than that of the single high expression of them.
Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Oxygen ; blood ; Risk Factors ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; blood

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of IgE in recur repeatedly children otitis media with effusion (OME), and the relativity of IgE between adenoid and middle ear effusion. METHOD: Thirty-five cases diagnosed of OME in our department, were enrolled in the research. Thirty-one adenoidal hypertrophy cases were selected as control group. Obtained middle ear effusion and adenoid samples from experimental group, and obtained adenoid samples from control group. All adenoid samples were taken for tissue homogenate. Determination all samples of concentration of IgE by ELISA. SPSS 18.0 statistical software was used for all relevant data processing and analysis. RESULT: Compared the IgE content between experimental group and control group with adenoid samples, IgE content increased significantly in experimental group (P < 0.05), and IgE in experimental group of middle ear effusion samples were also increased (P < 0.05). The content of IgE in the experimental group of middle ear effusion and adenoid assumed straight-line correlation, in negative correlation (r = 0.580, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The occurrence of OME is related to immune factors. Adenoidal hypertrophy may lead to local immunity enhancement, may cause middle ear cavity immune system abnormality, give rise to recur repeatedly with OME and procrastinate does not recover.
Adenoids ; immunology ; metabolism ; Adolescent ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Ear, Middle ; immunology ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; metabolism ; Male ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; immunology ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible regulation mechanism of nuclear factor-kappa B subunit p50 on Th1/Th2 cytokine in nasal polyps. METHOD: The expression of IL-4, gamma-IFN and p50 were examined by the method of immunohistochemistry staining in 40 cases of nasal polyps and 20 normal subjects, and the linear correlations between activity of p50 and IL-4, gamma-IFN were evaluated. RESULT: The expression of p50 mainly distribute in the cytoplasm of epithelia, inflammatory cell and the epithelia of gland. The expression of IL-4 and the activity of p50 was increased significantly in nasal polyps (all P<0.01). But the expression of gamma-IFN had no significant difference between the groups (P>0.05). Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that p50 nuclear-presented closely correlation with IL-4 level, but not gamma-IFN. The correlation coefficient was 0.70 for p50 and IL-4 (P<0.01), 0.14 for p50 and gamma-IFN (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The activity of p50 in nasal polyps is increased significantly. The activation of p50 may play an important role in the imbalance of Th1/Th2-typed cytokines by upregulating the level of IL-4.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; NF-kappa B p50 Subunit ; metabolism ; Nasal Polyps ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the curative effect and esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) by classic surgical approaches and surgical approaches with the assistant of nose endoscope. METHOD: A retrospective review was conducted in 19 cases treated from 1980 to 2000. Ten cases were treated by classical surgical approaches. Tumors in 4 patients (According to the Kadish system, stage A, 3 cases; stage B, 1 case) were removed via a transnasal approach, 6 patients (stage B, 5 cases; stage C, 1 case) were performed by lateral rhinotomy. After 1995, 9 cases (stageA, 2 case; stageB, 5 cases; stageC, 2 cases) received surgical resection with nasale endoscope. All of the patients were conducted radiation after operation. RESULT: The 5-year survival rate for the classic procedure and the surgical procedure with the assistant of endoscope were 50.0%, 88.9%, respectively. And the local recurrence rates were 50.0%, 33.3%, respectively (had no statistical significance). And the mean recurrent time were 5.2 months, 16 months, respectively. With the assistant of endoscope, the recurrent time was significant retarded. CONCLUSION There are better illumination and better operation field during the surgical operation with the assistant of endoscope. And the tumors are more likely resected entirely and the tumor recurrent time could be deferred.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Endoscopy ; Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory ; mortality ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nose Neoplasms ; mortality ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To explore the diagnose and treatment of severe OSAHS with distinction of different extent. METHOD: All 256 severe OSAHS patients were divided into two groups according to sleep apnea hypopnea index (AHI): group one (severe group), 40 < AHI < 65; group two (extra severe group), AHI > or = 65. All patients were underwent CPAP treatment for at least one week before modified UPPP in general anesthesia. UPPP and (or) nasal septum plasty or partial inferior turbinectomy were operated in one stage if tracheotomy was conducted. If tracheotomy were not conducted, the patient was only accepted UPPP under general anesthesia. The other operations to remove the multi block factors were operated in local anesthesia. RESULT: In 198 group one patients, there were 169 patients accepted UPPP in general anesthesia without tracheotomy, the other 29 patients were conducted with tracheotomy. The tracheotomy rate was 14.6%. The total effective cure rate was 85.9%. In all 58 group two patients, tracheotomy were conducted, and the total effective cure rate was 63.8%. The complication rate of all the two groups' patients was 3.5%. After three weeks,the uvulas decurtated from(4.89 +/- 0.58) cm to (3.12 +/- 0.46)cm. CONCLUSION It is important to divide the severe OSAHS patients into severe group and extra severe group because the treatments were different. Not all the severe OSAHS patients need tracheotomy. There were advantages to retain the uvula in UPPP and patients' life quality was improved with uvula reserved.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Palate ; surgery ; Palate, Soft ; surgery ; Pharynx ; surgery ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; classification ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Uvula ; surgery