Müller cells(MCs)are the most common glial cells in the human retina. They provide homeostatic, metabolic, and functional support to neurons. MCs play a critical role in regulating extracellular space volume, ion and water homeostasis, and maintaining the blood-retinal barrier. They release gliotransmitters and other neuroactive molecules, influencing synaptic activity through neurotransmitter recycling. All these functions directly or indirectly alter neuronal activity. MCs support the survival of photoreceptors and neurons, are responsible for the structural stability of the retina, and act as regulators of immune and inflammatory responses. They are activated in response to almost all pathogenic stimuli. Reactive MCs have neuroprotective effects, but excessive activation of MCs under pathological conditions can withdraw neuronal protection and lead to neuronal degeneration. Thus, MCs may play a double-edged sword role in the pathogenesis of macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion(RVO-ME). Understanding the response of MCs to pathological stimuli and their protective and damaging effects on the retina and macula is crucial for studying the pathogenesis and guiding the treatment of RVO-ME. This article reviews the role of MCs in RVO-ME, aiming to provide new strategies for the treatment of RVO-ME.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of the specialized centralized procurement policy for insulin on daily cost and affordability of insulin， and provide data support for the enhancement of relevant policies. METHODS In this research， the insulin purchasing data were obtained from provincial centralized procurement platforms in provinces before and after the specialized centralized procurement of insulin （October-December 2021 and October-December 2022）， and the cost variations of insulin before and after the centralized procurement were analyzed by the defined daily dose cost （DDDc） of various types of insulins. The changes in the affordability of various types of insulins before and after the specialized centralized procurement were evaluated， using the percentage of annual expenditure on various types of insulins relative to annual per capita disposable income （i.e. the proportion of annual expenditure） as an indicator. RESULTS After the specialized centralized procurement， DDDc of various types of insulins decreased by 20.7%-71.8%， with an average reduction of 45.7%. Moreover， the reduction in DDDc for third-generation insulin exceeded that for second-generation insulin. The reduction in the proportion of annual expenditure on insulin ranged from 24.3% to 73.4%， with an average decrease of 48.5%. Premixed insulin analogs experienced the greatest reduction （73.4%）. Following the specialized centralized procurement， DDDc of insulin decreased in all provinces. Except for Guangxi （10.2%）， the average proportion of annual expenditure on insulin in the remaining provinces dropped to below 10%. CONCLUSIONS The specialized centralized procurement policy for insulin has significantly reduced insulin costs and improved affordability， thereby alleviating the economic pressure on patients with diabetes. There are notable cost disparities among provinces and among insulin categories， which require attention.

The"season-visceral-related"theory originated from Huangdi Neijing,and its content contains the"holism of five viscera"and"correspondence between nature and humans"in the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Recently,the prevalence of post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI)has gradually increased with the increasing incidence of stroke.TCM believes that PSCI is located in the brain,however,the causative factors such as phlegm,depression,deficiency,and stasis are caused by the lesions of the five zang viscera.Therefore,PSCI can not be treated with the brain alone.Based on the"season-visceral-related"theory,this article discusses the etiology,pathogenesis,and treatment ideas for PSCI from the four seasons and five zang viscera.Xiaoyao Pill was selected as a treatment for patients with qi imbalance in spring to disperse stagnated liver qi to relieve qi stagnation.Tianwang Buxin Dan was selected as a treatment for patients with blood loss and spirit injury in the summer to nourish the blood and calm the heart and brain.Kaixin Powder was selected as a treatment for patients with spleen deficiency and phlegm blockage in late summer to strengthen the spleen,awaken the mind,and remove stasis.Wenfei Jiangzhuo Decoction was selected as a treatment for patients with qi deficiency and spirit departure in autumn to nourish the lungs,reduce turbidity,and nourish the mind.Dihuang Yinzi was selected as a treatment for patients with marrow reduction and internal toxin in winter to expel phlegm and fill the mind.Treating PSCI using the"season-visceral-related"theory reflects the overall concept of TCM and the hypothesis of syndrome differentiation and treatment and provides novel method for treating PSCI.

Objective To analyze the changes of relaxation values of different brain gray matter nuclei in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD)by synthetic magnetic resonance imaging(SyMRI),and to explore the correlation between relaxation values and clinical subtypes of PD,so as to provide some imaging basis for the diagnosis and classification of PD.Methods A total of 53 patients with PD and 34 healthy controls(HC)were scanned by SyMRI sequence.The patients with PD were divided into early group(33 cases),middle and late group(20 cases),postural instability/gait difficulty(PIGD)group and tremor dominant(TD)group.The region of interest(ROI)was drawn manually and the T1,T2 and proton density(PrD)values of different brain gray matter nuclei were measured,respectively.The differences between the groups were compared.Results There were statistical differences between the PD group and the HC group in multiple gray matter nuclei and multiple relaxation value parameters(P＜0.05).There were statistical differences in the relaxation values of gray matter nuclei such as head of the caudate nucleus,body of the caudate nucleus,putamen,globus pallidus,thalamus,red nucleus,and substantia nigra among the early PD group,the middle and late PD group,and the HC group,and red nucleus PrD value had the most testing effectiveness in the diagnosis of early PD[area under the curve(AUC)0.823,P＜0.001].There were statistical differences in the relaxation values of gray matter nuclei such as head of the caudate nucleus,putamen,and thalamus between the PIGD group and the TD group(P＜0.05).Conclusion It is found that there are statistical differences in different nuclear relaxation values between PD patients and healthy people,as well as between PD patients with different clinical types via SyMRI,suggesting that SyMRI has a certain clinical value in the diagnosis and classification of PD.

Objective:The three-step model of ″new nurse, professional group nurse, and clinical nurse specialist″ combines the clinical professional nursing group to promote the development of clinical nurse research capabilities and the construction of nursing research teams.Methods:A three-step model of ″new nurse, professional group nurse, and clinical nurse specialist″ was established by combining the individual development of nurses and team collaboration. Taking the clinical professional nursing group as the entry point, clinical work of the clinical professional nursing group, quality control of clinical professional nursing groups, quality control circle activities, nurse career development, and nursing research team building were integrated to implement the three-step model, thereby driving the development of clinical nurses′ research capacity and nursing research team construction. The methods of the three-step model combined with clinical professional nursing groups to promote the development of clinical nurse research capabilities and the construction of nursing research teams were implemented. The following were the eleven specific management measures: Improving the structure and echelon construction of clinical professional nursing groups, developing research plans and goals from four dimensions (departments, clinical professional nursing groups, individual nurses, and new nurses), carrying out nursing research training to clinical professional nursing groups that emphasizes both theriotical methods and practical operations, organizing nursing research projects by clinical professional nursing groups, promoting the innovation of work towards digitization and informatization, promoting clinical professional nursing groups to conduct interventional studies, launching quality control circle projects by clinical professional nursing groups, participating in and hosting nursing rounds by clinical professional nursing groups, improving the clinical technical problem by The clinical professional nursing groups, encouraging collaboration and communication between clinical professional nursing groups and physicians, facilitating the cross-integration and development of clinical professional nursing groups.Results:The three-step model has promoted the growth of nurses from the route of ″new nurse, professional group nurse, and clinical nurse specialist″, built a nursing research team and talent echelon based on the breakthrough of clinical professional nursing groups, and solved clinical practical problems and produced scientific research results.Conclusions:Implementing the three-step model combined with clinical professional nursing groups to promote the development of clinical nurse research capabilities and the construction of nursing research teams can promote the collaborative development of clinical nursing research and clinical nursing work.

The dysregulation of transcription factors is widely associated with tumorigenesis. As the most well-defined transcription factor in multiple types of cancer, c-Myc can transform cells by transactivating various downstream genes. Given that there is no effective way to directly inhibit c-Myc, c-Myc targeting strategies hold great potential for cancer therapy. In this study, we found that WSB1, which has a highly positive correlation with c-Myc in 10 cancer cell lines and clinical samples, is a direct target gene of c-Myc, and can positively regulate c-Myc expression, which forms a feedforward circuit promoting cancer development. RNA sequencing results from Bel-7402 cells confirmed that WSB1 promoted c-Myc expression through the β-catenin pathway. Mechanistically, WSB1 affected β-catenin destruction complex-PPP2CA assembly and E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptor β-TRCP recruitment, which inhibited the ubiquitination of β-catenin and transactivated c-Myc. Of interest, the effect of WSB1 on c-Myc was independent of its E3 ligase activity. Moreover, overexpressing WSB1 in the Bel-7402 xenograft model could further strengthen the tumor-driven effect of c-Myc overexpression. Thus, our findings revealed a novel mechanism involved in tumorigenesis in which the WSB1/c-Myc feedforward circuit played an essential role, highlighting a potential c-Myc intervention strategy in cancer treatment.

Synthetic lethality is a proven effective antitumor strategy that has attracted great attention. Large-scale screening has revealed many synthetic lethal genetic phenotypes, and relevant small-molecule drugs have also been implemented in clinical practice. Increasing evidence suggests that CDKs, constituting a kinase family predominantly involved in cell cycle control, are synthetic lethal factors when combined with certain oncogenes, such as

OBJECTIVE: To detect pathological variant in a Chinese pedigree affected with congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA). METHODS: Next generation sequencing (NGS) was used to scan the whole exome of the proband. Potential variant of the FBN2 gene was also detected in all members of the pedigree and 100 healthy controls by Sanger sequencing. With the determination of the genotype, prenatal diagnosis was carried out by amniotic fluid sampling. RESULTS: A c.3528C>A (p.Asn1176Lys) variant was identified in the FBN2 gene of the proband, other patients from this pedigree, as well as the fetus. The same variant was not found among healthy members from this pedigree and the 100 healthy controls. CONCLUSION The c.3528C>A (p.Asn1176Lys) variant of the FBN2 gene probably underlies the pathogenesis of CCA in our case. The new variant has enriched pathological spectrum of the FBN2 gene.
Arachnodactyly ; complications ; genetics ; Contracture ; congenital ; etiology ; genetics ; Exome ; Female ; Fibrillin-2 ; genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis

Objective: To explore the feasibility of applying Omaha system theory to patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) through comparative analysis of nursing description. Methods: Using content extraction analysis method, the nursing records, nursing plans and nursing measures of discharged patients with CHD were retrieved from the medical records, and then the conceptual consistency of the extracted records and the problem classification system and intervention measures in the Omaha system were evaluated by cross mapping method. Results: A total of 2 609 nursing problems and intervention measures were extracted from the medical records of 68 patients with CHD. Among them, 1 844 (70.68%) records were labeled as "perfect fit", 608 records (23.30%) as "partial fit", and 157 (6.02%) recordsas "not fit at all". The total fit rate was 93.98% (perfect fit and partial fit). The most frequently reported problems were in physiological domain, followed by health-related behaviors domain, psychosocial domain and environmental domain. The nursing interventions extracted accounted for 26.67% (1 968 sentences) of directions and l00.00% (4 kinds) of categories in the intervention scheme of Omaha system. Conclusions The conceptual congruence between the medical records of patients with CHD and the Omaha System is quite high. It can help to improve nursing problems of patients of CHD in health-related behavioral domain, psychosocial domain and environmental domain, and can be applied to such patients after appropriate adjustment, so as to help clinical nursing staff to provide specialized and all-round guidance for patients with CHD.

Objective To research the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) effects of cuprous oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) on melanoma.Methods Cuprous oxide nanoparticles were prepared hydrothermally.The B16 cells were cultured with cuprous oxide nanoparticlesat different concentrations (5,25,50 μg/ml).The changes of the morphology of the B16 cell were observed under the inverted microscope.The effects of CONPs on B16 cell migration ability were detected through the Wound healing assay and the Transwell assay.Then cell immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to test the EMT related molecular markers, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Cytokeratin, and Vimentin.Results The synthesized cuprous oxide nanoparticles distribute uniformly with a diameter of 40 nm.Our study indicated that CONPs inhibited the EMT of B16 cell.A conversion process was discovered in this study.In B16 cells, CONPs inhibited B16 cell migration, promoted the expression of E-cadherin, Cytokeratin and Desmoplakin, while the expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin was repressed in protein level.Conclusion Cuprous oxide nanoparticles can significantly restrain the invasion and metastasis of melanoma cells and inhabit the EMT of B16 cells.