Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated Hodgkin lymphoma.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. The clinical data of 22 HIV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma patients in Chongqing University Cancer Hospital from December 2013 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Their clinical features, laboratory results, treatment, and prognosis were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to perform survival analysis.Results:The age [ M ( Q1, Q3)] of 22 patients was 44 years old (36 years old, 53 years old); 18 cases were male, 4 cases were female; clinical staging was stage Ⅲ in 5 patients and stage Ⅱ in 17 patients. All 22 patients were infected with HIV through sexual transmission, with 10 cases transmitted through man sex with man and 12 cases transmitted through heterosexual transmission. Nine patients were found to be infected with HIV at the time of diagnosis of lymphoma, and 13 patients presented with lymphoma at 22.2 months (12.3 months, 38.4 months) after diagnosis of HIV infection. Of the 22 patients, 3 abandoned treatment; 19 patients were treated with antiretroviral therapy combined with ABVD regimen chemotherapy, 9 patients had complete remission, and 10 patients had partial remission. After follow-up of 46.8 months (24.8 months, 64.5 months), the 5-year progression-free survival rate was 83.9%, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 89.5%. Conclusions:HIV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma exhibits an invasive process in clinical practice, and standardized antiretroviral therapy combined with ABVD regimen chemotherapy can lead to long-term survival for patients.

Objective:To investigate the values of two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiographic parameters in predicting pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in chronic pulmonary thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH).Methods:A total of 141 patients diagnosed with CTEPH in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from November 2015 to December 2022 were included. Two-dimensional echocardiographic indicators reflecting PVR were constructed according to the calculation formula of PVR: echocardiographic estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP Echo)/left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd), echocardiographic estimated mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP Echo)/LVIDd. sPAP Echo/left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), sPAP Echo/left ventricular cardiac output (LVCO) were measured by three-dimensional echocardiography. The correlations between two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiographic ratios and invasive PVR were then analyzed using the Spearman correlation method. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, cut-off values for the ratios were generated to identify patients with PVR>1 000 dyn·s -1·cm -5. Pre- and postoperative hemodynamics and echocardiographic data were analyzed, as well as the correlation between the reduction rate of the echocardiographic index and PVR in 54 patients who underwent pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). Results:sPAP Echo/LVIDd, sPAP Echo/LVEDV and sPAP Echo/LVCO were moderately correlated with PVR( rs=0.62, 0.52, 0.63, both P<0.001). The ratio of sPAP Echo to LVEDV, when greater than or equal to 1.41, had a sensitivity of 0.800 and a specificity of 0.930 for determining PVR >1 000 dyn·s -1·cm -5 (AUC=0.860, P<0.001). Similarly, the ratio of sPAP Echo to LVIDd, when greater than or equal to 2.14, had a sensitivity of 0.647 and a specificity of 0.861 for determining PVR >1000 dyn·s -1·cm -5 (AUC=0.830, P<0.001). The sPAP Echo/LVIDd and mPAP Echo/LVIDd significantly decreased after PEA (both P<0.001). The sPAP Echo/LVIDd and mPAP Echo/LVIDd reduction rate (ΔsPAP Echo/LVIDd and ΔmPAP Echo/LVIDd) were significantly correlated with PVR reduction rate (ΔPVR), respectively ( rs=0.61, 0.63, both P<0.05). Conclusions:Two-dimensional ratio sPAP Echo/LVIDd and three-dimensional ratio sPAP Echo/LVEDV can be used to noninvasively estimate PVR in CTEPH patients. The conventional ratio sPAP Echo/LVIDd is convenient and reproducibly suitable for monitoring the improvement of PVR before and after treatment, and its ratio of 2.14 can predict the significant increase of PVR in CTEPH patients (>1 000 dyn·s -1·cm -5).

Background::Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination are a priority in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, limited information is available on vaccination coverage among patients with acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) in China. This study aimed to determine the rates and associated factors of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in patients hospitalized with AECOPD.Methods::Baseline data from a national, multicenter, hospital-based study that included adult inpatients with AECOPD between 2017 and 2021 were analyzed. The outcomes of interest were the influenza vaccination in the past year and the pneumococcal vaccination in the past 5 years. To ensure national representativeness, rates were weighted according to the distribution of hospital levels and types enrolled in this study. Multivariable Poisson regression based on mixed-effects models were used to determine the associated factors. The independent variables included the region and hospital features where the participants were located, sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, rural/urban residence, education, etc.), and clinical indicators (COPD disease history, lung function parameters, comorbidities, etc.). The treatment profiles of the vaccinated and unvaccinated participants were compared.Results::Of 6949 eligible participants, the weighted rates of influenza/pneumococcal, influenza, and pneumococcal vaccination were 2.72% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.34%-3.10%), 2.09% (95% CI: 1.76%-2.43%), and 1.25% (95% CI: 0.99%-1.51%), respectively. In multivariable models, age ≥60 years (60-69 years, odds ratio [OR]: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.11-3.25; ≥80 years, OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.06-3.78), geographical regions (Northern China relative to Eastern China, OR: 5.09, 95% CI: 1.96-13.21), urban residence (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.07-2.66), a higher education level (junior high school, OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.21-2.58; senior high school or above, OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.69-4.03), former smoking (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.15-2.79), and regular inhaled medication treatment (OR: 3.28, 95% CI: 2.29-4.70) were positively associated with vaccination. Patients who had experienced severe exacerbations in the past year were less likely to be vaccinated (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45-0.96). Compared with unvaccinated participants, vaccinated participants adhered better to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment.Conclusions::Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination coverage are extremely low. Urgent measures are necessary to increase vaccination coverage among inpatients with AECOPD in China.

Background::Understanding willingness to undergo pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and the factors associated with poor uptake of PFTs is crucial for improving early detection and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to understand willingness to undergo PFTs among high-risk populations and identify any barriers that may contribute to low uptake of PFTs.Methods::We collected data from participants in the "Happy Breathing Program" in China. Participants who did not follow physicians’ recommendations to undergo PFTs were invited to complete a survey regarding their willingness to undergo PFTs and their reasons for not undergoing PFTs. We estimated the proportion of participants who were willing to undergo PFTs and examined the various reasons for participants to not undergo PFTs. We conducted univariable and multivariable logistic regressions to analyze the impact of individual-level factors on willingness to undergo PFTs.Results::A total of 8475 participants who had completed the survey on willingness to undergo PFTs were included in this study. Out of these participants, 7660 (90.4%) were willing to undergo PFTs. Among those who were willing to undergo PFTs but actually did not, the main reasons for not doing so were geographical inaccessibility ( n = 3304, 43.1%) and a lack of trust in primary healthcare institutions ( n = 2809, 36.7%). Among the 815 participants who were unwilling to undergo PFTs, over half ( n = 447, 54.8%) believed that they did not have health problems and would only consider PFTs when they felt unwell. In the multivariable regression, individuals who were ≤54 years old, residing in rural townships, with a secondary educational level, with medical reimbursement, still working, with occupational exposure to dust, and aware of the abbreviation "COPD" were more willing to undergo PFTs. Conclusions::Willingness to undergo PFTs was high among high-risk populations. Policymakers may consider implementing strategies such as providing financial incentives, promoting education, and establishing community-based programs to enhance the utilization of PFTs.

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the effects of threshold inspiratory muscle training (TIMT) on respiratory function, motor function and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCT) about the effects of TIMT on dyspnea, quality of life, motor function and inspiratory muscle strength for COPD patients were retrieved from PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, Ovid, Cochrane Library, SinoMed, CNKI, VIP, since establishment to September, 2020. Two researchers independently screened literatures, extracted data and evaluated the methodological quality. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3. ResultsA total of 30 RCTs involving 2 060 patients were included. TIMT could obviously improve the maximum inspiratory pressure (MD = 10.68, 95%CI 7.43 to 13.92, P < 0.001), optimize the results of 6-minute Walking Test (MD = 24.62, 95%CI 9.09 to 40.15, P = 0.002), the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (MD = -3.08, 95%CI -5.84 to -0.33, P = 0.03), the modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (MD = -0.30, 95%CI -0.52 to -0.07, P = 0.01) and Borg score (MD = -0.84, 95%CI -1.24 to -0.44, P < 0.001). TIMT could also improve the forced expiratory volume in one second (MD = 0.11, 95%CI 0.04 to 0.19, P = 0.003) and the forced expiratory volume in one second in predicted (MD = 3.72, 95%CI 2.62 to 4.82, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the COPD Assessment Test (MD = -1.14, 95%CI -2.32 to 0.03, P = 0.06) or forced vital capacity (MD = 0.07, 95%CI -0.12 to 0.25, P = 0.49). ConclusionTIMT can improve the inspiratory muscle strength, alleviate the symptoms of dyspnea, and improve the lung function and the quality of life for COPD patients.

Objective To investigate the significance of computed tomography(CT)and 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)for esophageal carcinoma. Methods Thirty-five patients newly diagnosed with esophageal carcinoma who received radical radiotherapy in our hospital from November 2013 to April 2015 were enrolled as subjects. Target volume was delineated on the CT images and MRI images(T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted fusion images). The MRI-and CT-based IMRT plans were designed using the same dose prescription and dose constraints for organs at risk(OAR). The target volume,prescribed dose,and doses for OAR were compared between the two plans. Results In the two plans, dose distribution and planning parameters met the clinical requirement. The length of lesion,gross tumor volume (GTV),and planning target volume(PTV)defined by 3.0 T MRI were significantly smaller than those defined by CT(P=0.00,0.03,0.03). There were no significant differences in the D 2%,D 98%,D 50%,homogeneity index,or conformity index for primary GTV(PGTV)and PTV-PGTV between the two plans(all P>0.05). Compared with the CT-based plan,the 3.0 T MRI-based plan had a significantly smaller mean dose to the lungs and an insignificantly smaller actual dose to the lungs(P=0.00;P>0.05).There were no significant differences in maximum doses tolerated by the spinal cord or heart between the two plans. Conclusions In terms of target volume delineation and dosimetric parameters, both CT-and 3.0 T MRI-based plans meet the clinical requirement. The 3.0 T MRI-based plan may provide potential benefits for some OAR due to a smaller target volume compared with the CT-based plan.

Objective: To establish a TaqMan-MGB probe-based real-time fluorescence RT-PCR assay for avian influenza H5N6 virus used in rapid diagnosis for suspected cases and surveillance for outer environment of live poultry markets. Methods: Based on the conservative sequences of avian influenza H5N6 virus for HA and NA gene published on GenBank, specific primers and TaqMan-MGB probes were designed to develop and optimize for the dual real-time RT-PCR assay. Specificity, sensitivity, repeatability and comparison tests were carried out. Results: This dual real-time RT-PCR detection can be completed within 80 minutes. There was no cross-reaction with other subtypes of influenza virus and common respiratory pathogens. The minimum detection limit could be up to 10 copies/reaction. The correlation coefficient of standard curve for the gene of H5 and N6 were 0.999 and 0.993, and the coefficients of variation for cycle threshold were range from 0.151%-0.549%and 0.213%-0.575%, respectively. The positive and negative coincidence rates of the validation test were 100%. Conclusions This TaqMan-MGB probe-based dual real-time RT-PCR for avian influenza H5N6 virus was rapid, specific and sensitive. It will have a good use in early emergency detection of suspected cases and continuous monitoring of external environment in live poultry trade market.

Objective To observe the effects of ziprasidone and risperidone on schizophrenia patients and the change of serum leptin and adiponectin levels .Methods Totally 80 cases of schizophrenia patients were randomly divided into ziprasidone group and risperidone group ,which were treated for 8 weeks .Measure the positive and negative symptoms scale (PANSS) score and body weight of that number ,leptin and adiponectin at baseline ,treatment 4 weeks and 8 weeks respectively for patients ,at the end of the experiment ,the results for statistical analysis .Results Two groups of 4 ,8 weeks after treatment scores compared with baseline scores dropped significantly ,the difference was statistically significant(P<0 .05) .Risperidone group after treatment ,leptin levels significantly increased body mass index ,and adiponectin levels significantly decreased ,compared with the baseline before treatment was statistically significant difference(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Ziprasidone and risperidone in treatment of schizophrenia have similar efficacy .Ziprasidone has no significant effect on body weight ,leptin and adiponectin levels in treatment of schizophrenia patients . However ,risperidone has a significant effect ,long-term use should pay attention to the side effects .

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of syringinand and pedunculoside in Zhuang medicine Yuyang powder. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Agilent ODS with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 210 nm,the column temperature was 30℃,and the in-jection volume was 5μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.71-3.55μg for syringin(r=0.999 7)and 1.62-8.10μg for pedunculoside (r=0.999 8), respectively;RSDs of precision, stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 3%;recoveries were 100.8%-104.9%(RSD=1.7%,n=6) and 96.0%-100.8%(RSD=2.2%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,stable and reproducible,and can be used for the simultaneous determination of syringinand and pedunculoside in Zhuang medicine Yuyang powder.

Objective To observe the effects of ziprasidone and risperidone on patients with schizophrenia and their influence on bloodglucoseandlipids.Methods 96patientswithschizophrenicenrolledinthestudywererandomlydividedintotwogroups,zi‐prasidone and risperidone group ,and both were treated for 8 weeks .Their blood glucose ,blood lipid of base line and at the end of the 4th ,8th week were determined respectively .Results The positive and negative symptoms scores of the two groups by using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) before and after treatment were not statistically different(P> 0 .05) .Compared with the baseline scores ,scores at the end of 4th and 8th week in both ziprasidone and risperidone groups significantly decreased(P<0 .05) ,but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P>0 .05) .After 8 weeks′ treatment ,the ef‐fective rate was 91 .7% in ziprasidone groups and 89 .6% in risperidone group .There were no significant differences between the two groups(P>0 .05) .The blood lipids and glucose levels were less increased after ziprasidone treatment ,but was not statistically significant(P>0 .05) .The blood lipids and glucose levels significantly increased after risperidone treatment(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Ziprasidone and risperidone had the same effect on schizophrenia .Ziprasidone had no effect on blood glucose and lipids in schizo‐phrenic patients ,while risperidone could increase blood glucose and lipids level ,we should pay attention to the side effects of long‐term use .