Objective To explore the effects of Jianpi Yichang Powder on the expressions of interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-18 of NLRP3 signaling pathway in ulcerative colitis(UC)model rats.Methods Ten rats were randomly selected from 40 SD rats as the normal group,and the other rats freely drank 5%dextran sulfate solution for 7 days to replicate UC rats model.The model rats were randomly divided into model group,sulfasalazine group and Jianpi Yichang Powder group,with 10 rats in each group.Jianpi Yichang Powder group and sulfasalazine group were given corresponding liquid medicine for gavage,and the normal and model groups were given equivalent volume distilled water for gavage for consecutive 14 d.The general status was observed,and the disease activity index(DAI)was scored,the contents of NLRP3,apoptosis-associated spotted proteins(ASC),and Caspase-1 in serum were detected by ELISA,the expressions of IL-1β and IL-18 protein and mRNA in colon tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry,Western blot and RT-PCR respectively.Results Compared with the normal group,the general status of the rats in model group was relatively worse,and DAI score significantly increased(P<0.01),the contents of NLRP3,ASC and Caspase-l in serum were significantly increased(P<0.01),the expressions of IL-1β and IL-18 protein and mRNA in colon tissue were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the general status of the rats in Jianpi Yichang Powder group and sulfasalazine group were significantly improved,DAI score significantly decreased(P<0.01),the contents of NLRP3,ASC and Caspase-l in serum significantly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the expressions of IL-1β and IL-18 protein and mRNA in colon tissue significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Jianpi Yichang Powder can inhibit IL-1β and IL-18 expression of NLRP3 signaling pathway to reduce colon immune inflammatory damage,thus play a role in treating UC.

Sishen Pills is a classic prescription for the treatment of spleen and kidney diarrhea,which has the effect of warming the kidney and the spleen,astringent intestine and antidiarrheal.In modern clinical application,the modified prescriptions based on Sishen Pills,combined with other treatments of TCM and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine are often used to treat ulcerative colitis with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome,and the curative effect is remarkable.Experimental pharmacological studies have shown that Sishen Pills may achieve the purpose of ulcerative colitis by regulating the expression of related signaling pathway proteins,regulating inflammatory factors,inhibiting inflammatory response,regulating autophagy,regulating intestinal flora,improving intestinal mucosal permeability,repairing intestinal mucosal barrier,regulating cellular energy metabolism,anti-oxidative stress,regulating cellular immune function,etc.In this article,the research status of Sishen Pills in the treatment of ulcerative colitis was sorted out and summarized,in order to provide reference for further study of its mechanism and clinical application.

Objective To explore the mechanism of protective effect of Jianpi Yichang Powder on intestinal mucosa by observing its effect on the expression of autophagy-related molecules in colon of ulcerative colitis(UC)model rats.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Jianpi Yichang Powder group and sulfasalazine group.UC rat model was established by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid/ethanol solution.After the model was successfully reproduced,the rats were given drugs orally once a day for 14 days.The general condition of rats was observed and the disease activity index(DAI)score was calculated.The pathological morphology of colonic tissue in all groups was observed by hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining.Autophagy of colonic epithelial cells was examined by transmission electron microscope.The expressions of myosin-like BCL2 interacting protein(Beclin1)and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)in colonic tissue were detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western Blot.The mRNA expressions of autophagy protein 5(Atg5),autophagy protein 7(Atg7)and ubiquitin-binding protein 62(p62)were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR).Results Compared with the normal group,the general situation of the model group was worse,and the DAI score increased significantly(P<0.000 1).There was obvious epithelial cell damage in colonic tissue,and the number of autophagosomes decreased obviously under electron microscope.The expressions of Beclin1 and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ protein as well as Atg5 and Atg7 mRNA in colonic tissue decreased significantly(P<0.000 1),while the expression of p62 mRNA increased significantly(P<0.000 1).Compared with the model group,the general condition of rats in Jianpi Yichang Powder group had recovered significantly,and the DAI score decreased significantly(P<0.000 1).Pathological damage of colonic tissue has been improved in different degrees,and the number of autophagosomes increased significantly under electron microscope.The expressions of Beclin1 and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ protein as well as Atg5 and Atg7 mRNA in colonic tissue were significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.000 1),while the expression of p62 mRNA was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion Jianpi Yichang Powder can protect UC colon mucosa from injury by up-regulating the expression of autophagy-related molecules including Beclin1,LC3,Atg5 and Atg7,down-regulating the expression of p62 and enhancing autophagy.

Objective To investigate the effects of Jianpi Yichang Powder on regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway to inhibit dendritic cells(DCs)inflammatory injury induced by TNF-α;To explore its mechanism in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.Methods C57BL/6 mice DCs were primitively isolated and cultured.The cultured DCs were randomly divided into the normal group,model group,negative control group,positive drug group and TCM group.DCs inflammatory microenvironment model was established by TNF-α induction.After corresponding treatments were given to each group,CCK-8 method was used to detect cell proliferation ability,immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect the protein expressions of NLRP3,ASC and Caspase-1 in DCs respectively,Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of IL-1β and IL-18 in DCs.Results Compared with the normal group,the proliferation ability in DCs of model group significantly decreased(P<0.01),the positive expressions of NLRP3,ASC and Caspase-1 significantly increased,the expressions of NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-18,IL-1β protein and IL-18,IL-1β mRNA in DCs significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group and negative control group,the proliferation ability of DCs significantly increased in positive drug group and TCM group(P<0.01),the positive expressions of NLRP3,ASC,and Caspase-1 significantly decreased(P<0.01),the protein expressions of NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-1β and IL-18 significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the mRNA expressions of IL-1β and IL-18 significantly decreased(P<0.01).The cell proliferation ability,Caspase-1 positive expression,and IL-18 mRNA expression of TCM group were significantly higher than those of the positive drug group(P<0.05),while the mRNA expression of IL-1β was lower than that of the positive drug group(P<0.05).Conclusion Jianpi Yichang Powder can inhibit the inflammatory response of DCs induced by TNF-α,and its mechanism in the treatment of ulcerative colitis may be related to regulating the expressions of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway,including the expressions of NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-18 and IL-1β.

Pathological mechanism of ulcerative colitis(UC)is not fully clear,which may be the result of Th17/Treg immune imbalance and the interaction of multiple complex factors.Numerous studies have found that classical TCM prescriptions,experienced formulas and TCM active components could regulate Th17/Treg balance by intervening in cytokines,transcription factors,and signaling pathways,restore intestinal mucosal immune function,suppress intestinal mucosal inflammatory response,and repair intestinal mucosal barrier damage.Based on the research status of UC,Th17/Treg balance and TCM treatment,this article reviewed the relationship between Th17/Treg balance and UC,and explained the key role of Th17/Treg balance in the occurrence and development of UC.At the same time,the Chinese materia medica targeting to regulate the balance of Th17/Treg in the treatment of UC in recent years was summarized,in order to provide reference for the treatment of UC.

Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Jianpi Yichang power on the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome signaling pathway in a rat model of ulcerative colitis （UC）. MethodSixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group （n=10） and an experimental group （n=50）. The experimental group received 5% dextran sulfate sodium （DSS） solution freely for 7 days to induce UC， and then they were further randomly divided into model group， sulfasalazine （0.3 g·kg^-1） group， and high-， medium-， and low-dose Jianpi Yichang power groups （54.4， 27.2， 13.6 g·kg^-1） for continuous treatment of 14 days. The general condition of the rats was observed and recorded daily， and the disease activity index （DAI） was scored before and after treatment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and interleukin-18 （IL-18） in the serum of rats in each group. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to observe the histopathological changes in the colon tissue. Immunohistochemistry， Western blot， and Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were used to detect the positive protein expression， protein expression， and mRNA expression of NLRP3， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD （ASC）， and cysteine aspartate-special proteases-1（Caspase-1） in the colon tissue. ResultCompared with the condition in the normal group， the general condition of rats in the model group was relatively poor， with increased DAI scores （P<0.01）， pathological changes in the colon， increased levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the serum （P<0.01）， and enhanced positive protein expression， protein expression， and mRNA expression of NLRP3， ASC， and Caspase-1 in the colon tissue （P<0.01）. Compared with the condition in the model group， the general condition of rats in the Jianpi Yichang power groups at various doses improved significantly， with reduced DAI scores （P<0.05， P<0.01）， alleviated pathological changes in the colon as revealed by HE staining， and reduced protein expression levels of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 in the colon tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18， and ASC protein expression in the colon， as well as the mRNA expression levels of NLRP3， ASC， and Caspase-1， decreased in the high- and medium-dose Jianpi Yichang power groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The positive protein expression levels of NLRP3， ASC， and Caspase-1 were reduced in the high-dose Jianpi Yichang power group （P<0.01）. The positive protein expression levels of ASC and Caspase-1 were reduced in the medium-dose Jianpi Yichang power group （P<0.05）. The mRNA expression level of ASC was reduced in the low-dose Jianpi Yichang power group （P<0.05）. ConclusionJianpi Yichang power can reduce colon immune inflammatory damage by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway， thereby exerting a role in treating UC.

Objective:To analyze the molecular characteristics of dengue virus (DENV) strains circulating in Shantou city in 2018 and 2019 for elucidating the reasons causing strikingly different dengue fever epidemics during the two years and understanding the transmission characteristics and routes of DENV, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of dengue fever.Methods:Detection of viral nucleic acid contents and amplification and sequencing of E gene were carried out on 872 samples positive for DENV acid in 2018 and 2019. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the E gene sequences to analyze the homology of DENV strains. The sources and transmission routes of the strains were also analyzed. Results:A total of 99 sequences of DENV E gene were acquired, including 68 DENV-1 sequences and 31 DENV-2 sequences. The cases of dengue fever were sporadic in 2018. Phylogenetic tree showed the strains isolated in 2018 were from multi-sources and closely related to those found in Guangzhou city and Southeast Asia area. Dengue fever outbreaks occurred in 2019 and most of the prevalent strains were from a single source, which was speculated to be Cambodia. Conclusions:Dengue fever in Shantou city was mainly caused by imported strains of the same year rather than by local strains in previous years. DENV strains in Shantou might be traced back to Southeast Asia area and transmitted to Shantou through many routes.

Objective To establish a comprehensive method combining physical model experiment and numerical simulation for studying airflow state of upper respiratory tract. Methods Based on CT medical images published online, a three-dimensional (3D) model of human upper respiratory tract was reconstructed. Based on 3D printing technology, an experimental model of the upper respiratory tract was established and the flow process of respiration was measured. A numerical simulation model was created based on the meshing of upper respiratory tract model and the turbulent Realizable k-ε model. Results Firstly, the result of numerical simulation was compared with the experimental conditions, and good agreement was achieved. The numerical simulation results showed that the airflow in respiratory process was in a parabolic shape; the distribution of flow field, pressure on wall and vortex structure were different between inspiratory and expiratory phases; there were air residues in the upper and lower nasal passages during the respiratory exchange process. In addition, the effects of airflow on physiological environment of the upper respiratory tract were preliminarily analyzed through the steak line, pressure field and vortex structure distribution. Conclusions The method proposed in this paper has the characteristics of pertinence, rapidity and accuracy, which gives full play to the advantages of reliable physical experiments and fine numerical simulation, and is applicable for studying different problems of the upper respiratory tract in different cases, with a high value for personalized diagnosis and treatment in clinic.

Objective: To analyze the results of various methods to detect dengue virus(DENV) infection and to provide experience for the development of reasonable detection strategies on DENV infection. Methods: An acute phase case infected with type 2 DENV was used as an example to analyze various methods of detection and the relation of their results. Results: While NS1 antigen, IgM and IgG antibody were all negative, the nucleic acid test showed a positive result ; the NS1 coding gene of the DENV strain from the infected case did not mutate significantly; by additional use of NS1 reagents from other manufacturers, the antigen test result turned to weakly positive. Conclusions To conduct screening of dengue fever cases, the result of nucleic acid detection should also be applied. Moreover, additional use of NS1 reagents from other manufacturers could be helpful in reducing missed diagnosis, and could obtain more reliable result.