AIM: To study the early outcomes of anterior segment parameters after implantation of an implantable collamer lens with a central hole(ICL V4c)in patients with high myopia.METHODS:A total of 82 cases(160 eyes)with high myopia, including 42 males(82 eyes)and 40 females(78 eyes), aged 26.0±4.6(21 to 37)years, who underwent ICL V4c implantation at our institution from February 2019 to September 2022 and were followed up for 1 a, were included. The general characteristics of the anterior segment of the eye were measured preoperatively: spherical equivalent, mean horizontal corneal curvature, white-to-white(WTW), and axial length(AL); intraocular pressure(IOP), endothelial cell density(ECD), central anterior chamber depth(CACD), anterior chamber volume(ACV)and anterior chamber angle(ACA)were measured preoperatively and at 1 d, 1 wk, 1, 3 and 6 mo postoperatively. Furthermore, the distance from the centre of the posterior surface of the ICL V4c optical zone to the anterior surface of the lens(vault)was measured at 1 d, 1 wk, 1, 6 mo, and 1 a after surgery.RESULTS: The mean preoperative spherical equivalent of the patients was -7.56±2.55 D, mean horizontal corneal curvature was 42.89±1.47 D, WTW was 11.64±0.37 mm, and AL was 26.64±0.93 mm. The baseline IOP was 15.97±2.13 mmHg, and the differences in IOP at each time point after ICL V4c implantation compared to preoperative were not statistically significant(F=0.875, P=0.504); ECD was 2 989.30±140.78 cells/mm2 at baseline, and ECD at 6 mo after ICL V4c implantation was not statistically significant compared with preoperative ECD(t=1.475, P=0.142); CACD was 3.19±0.21 mm at baseline, and ACV was 210.30±27.7 mm3, and CACD and ACV were significantly lower than preoperative at all postoperative time points(F=111.10, 288.38, all P<0.001). The baseline ACA was 35.44°±11.27°, and the ACA at each time point after ICL V4c implantation was significantly lower than preoperatively(F=21.23, P<0.001). The vault was 665.32±184.03 μm at 1 d postoperatively, and continued to be significantly reduced at 1 wk, 1, 6 mo, and 1 a postoperatively compared with 1 d(F=52.10, P<0.001). However, it remained stable at 6 mo and 1 a postoperatively, and the difference was not statistically significant compared with vault at 1 mo postoperatively(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: ICL V4c has certain safety and efficiency in 1 a postoperative follow-up, and the parameters of the anterior segment of the eye stabilized in the early period.

Objective:To explore and analyze the mechanism of Fibronectin(FN)targeting JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway to regulate adhesive ileus.Methods:From January 2019 to De-cember 2020,65 patients with adhesive ileus who underwent intestinal resection were selected as the observation group,and 65 patients who underwent inguinal hernia surgery during the same pe-riod were selected as the control group.Intestinal tissue and preoperative blood samples were taken from the patients.qRT-PCR,Western Blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect FN,STAT3 and P-STAT3 gene and protein expression in intestinal tissue samples,and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect FN expression in serum samples.Cell line HIEC-6 was cultured in vitro.FN expression was inhibited by lentivirus transfection,and the effects of FN on cell proliferation and differentiation were observed by CCK8 and Transwell migra-tion experiments.At the same time,qRT-PCR and Western Blot were used to detect the effects of FN on the expression of STAT3 and P-STAT3.Results:Compared with the control group,the expression of FN mRNA and protein in intestinal tissue of observation group was significantly higher(P＜0.05),while the expression of STAT3 and P-STAT3 mRNA and protein was significantly lower(P＜0.05),and the content of secreted FN in serum of observation group was also signifi-cantly higher(P＜0.05).In vitro experiments showed that compared with NC siRNA group HIEC-6 cells,the proliferation rate of LV-FN siRNA group HIEC-6 cells was significantly lower at 48 h,72 h,96 h and 120 h(P＜0.05),and the cell migration ability was also significantly lower(P＜0.05).The mRNA and protein expressions of FN were significantly lower(P＜0.05),while the mRNA and pro-tein expressions of STAT3 and P-STAT3 were significantly higher(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Fibro-inin is significantly overexpressed in the intestinal tissues and serum of patients with adhesive il-eus,and can affect cell proliferation and migration through abnormal activation of JAK/STAT3 sig-naling pathway,leading to the pathogenesis of the diseased intestinal segment.

As a rapidly developing frontier discipline, structural biology has penetrated into every field of life science research. The course of “Structural Biology” plays an important role in expanding the knowledge system of undergraduate students and promoting students’ scientific spirit and innovation. For the high-quality training of highly skilled talents, we aimed to promote the original innovation of students, the ability of thinking, and the ability of engineering practice. The trinity education concept, including shape of the value, passing on knowledge, and ability cultivation, was applied. During the reform, we explored a step-by-step course content and searched for factors involved in ideological and political education. Based on the problem-based learning (PBL) method, a hybrid teaching model was designed to cultivate the problem-thinking and problem-solving skills of students. Meanwhile, a number of evaluation systems for students and teachers were established, which may be generally adopted for the course of “Structural Biology”. The survey data suggested that the exploration has a good effect on teaching and training and is conducive to the cultivation of research-oriented, comprehensive, innovative talents under the background of “New Engineering”.

Objective To construct a mouse model of alcoholic liver fibrosis and explore the effect of supplementing exogenous thyroid hormone T3 on oxidative stress in liver.Methods Eighty mice were randomly divided into 6 groups,normal control group,alcoholic liver fibrosis(ALF)model group,and low concentration T3 intervention group(25 μg/kg),medium concentration T3 intervention group(50 μg/kg),high concentration T3 intervention group(100 μg/kg)and T3 control group(the concentration of T3 is 100 μg/kg).A model of mice alcoholic liver fibrosis was established by using alcoholic liquid feed combined with 31.5％ethanol gavage.From the sixth week,mice in the T3 intervention and T3 control group were injected with corresponding concentrations of T3 intraperitoneally for three weeks.Mice in the control and T3 control groups were fed with control liquid feed.The degree of mice liver injury and fibrosis was evaluated through the sirius red staining,Western blotting,and serum biochemical testing.The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),the content of glutathione(GSH)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in liver tissue were detected by ELISA,and the protein expressions of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-Ⅱ(LC3-Ⅱ)and p62 were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Results The liver structure and function in the ALF group were severely damaged,autophagy was inhibited,and the oxidative stress response was significantly enhanced compared with the control group.Compared with the ALF group,the recovery of liver functional and structure and autophagy were showed in the T3 intervention group,and SOD activity and GSH content in the liver increased in the low and medium concentrations of T3 intervention groups,while MDA content significantly decreased.In the high concentration T3 intervention group,it showed the same increase in SOD activity,a significant decrease in MDA content,while the content of GSH was lower than that in the control group,which was not different with the ALF group.Conclusion Appropriate supplementation of T3 could affect the occurrence and development of alcoholic liver fibrosis by restoring the liver autophagy to inhibit the oxidative stress response.

Aim To investigate the mechanism of treatment of hepatolenticular degeneration with Garde-nia and Rhubarb decoction based on network pharma-cology and animal experiments.Methods The chemi-cal components and target sites of Gardenia and Rhu-barb decoction were retrieved using the Traditional Chi-nese Medicine System Pharmacology Analysis Platform(TCMSP).The disease targets were obtained by searching the databases of DisGeNET,GeneCards.The PPI network of active compound target sites was constructed using the STRING database.GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were per-formed using the DAVID database to predict the action pathway.A copper-loaded WD rat model was estab-lished by intragastric administration of copper sulfate pentahydrate.A total of 36 rats were randomly divided into the normal group,model group,penicillamine group and the low,medium and high dose groups of gardenia rhubarb.The relevant indicators and patho-logical changes of liver tissue were detected in WD rats.Results Network pharmacology screening identi-fied 68 potential active components of Gardenia and Rhubarb Decoction,30 intersection targets of diseases and drugs,involving key targets such as TNF,IL10,IGF1,IL1B,TP53,CASP3,PPARG,IL6,CXCL8,IL1A,TGFB1,mainly related to signal pathways such as MAPK,AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications.In the animal experiments,compared with the normal group,the urine copper,liver copper,blood copper,liver coefficient,serum and liver ALT,AST,TNF-α,CASP3,P53 levels in the model group rats significantly increased(P＜0.05);hepatocyte swelling,cytoplasm loose reticular appearance,feath-er-like degeneration and reticular necrosis were ob-served in liver tissue pathology;compared with the model group,the urine copper,liver copper,blood copper,liver coefficient,serum and liver ALT,AST,TNF-α,CASP3,P53 levels in the penicillamine group and Gardenia and Rhubarb decoction groups were sig-nificantly reduced(P＜0.05),and the degree of re-ticular necrosis in the rat liver cells in the penicilla-mine group and the Gardenia and Rhubarb decoction group was significantly reduced.Conclusions Garde-nia and Rhubarb decoction has the effect of regulating copper metabolism and reducing liver injury.The mechanism of action may be related to reversing apop-tosis and downregulating protein expression of TNF-α,CASP3,P53 in MAPK signaling pathway.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of the common pathogens isolated from urine from 2015 to 2021 in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program.Methods The bacterial strains were isolated from urine and identified routinely in 51 hospitals across China in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program from 2015 to 2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer method,automatic microbiological analysis system and E-test according to the unified protocol.Results A total of 261 893 nonduplicate strains were isolated from urine specimen from 2015 to 2021,of which gram-positive bacteria accounted for 23.8％(62 219/261 893),and gram-negative bacteria 76.2％(199 674/261 893).The most common species were E.coli(46.7％),E.faecium(10.4％),K.pneumoniae(9.8％),E.faecalis(8.7％),P.mirabilis(3.5％),P.aeruginosa(3.4％),SS.agalactiae(2.6％),and E.cloacae(2.1％).The strains were more frequently isolated from inpatients versus outpatients and emergency patients,from females versus males,and from adults versus children.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing strains in E.coli,K.pneumoniae and P.mirabilis was 53.2％,52.8％and 37.0％,respectively.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant strains in E.coli,K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii was 1.7％,18.5％,16.4％,and 40.3％,respectively.Lower than 10％of the E.faecalis isolates were resistant to ampicillin,nitrofurantoin,linezolid,vancomycin,teicoplanin and fosfomycin.More than 90％of the E.faecium isolates were ressitant to ampicillin,levofloxacin and erythromycin.The percentage of strains resistant to vancomycin,linezolid or teicoplanin was＜2％.The E.coli,K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii strains isolated from ICU inpatients showed significantly higher resistance rates than the corresponding strains isolated from outpatients and non-ICU inpatients.Conclusions E.coli,Enterococcus and K.pneumoniae are the most common pathogens in urinary tract infection.The bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance of urinary isolates vary with different populations.More attention should be paid to antimicrobial resistance surveillance and reduce the irrational use of antimicrobial agents.

Objective To understand the distribution and changing resistance profiles of clinical isolates of Enterococcus in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted for the clinical isolates of Enterococcus according to the unified protocol of CHINET program by automated systems,Kirby-Bauer method,or E-test strip.The results were interpreted according to the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints in 2021.WHONET 5.6 software was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 124 565 strains of Enterococcus were isolated during the 7-year period,mainly including Enterococcus faecalis(50.7％)and Enterococcus faecalis(41.5％).The strains were mainly isolated from urinary tract specimens(46.9％±2.6％),and primarily from the patients in the department of internal medicine,surgery and ICU.E.faecium and E.faecalis strains showed low level resistance rate to vancomycin,teicoplanin and linezolid(≤3.6％).The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant E.faecalis and E.faecium was 0.1％and 1.3％,respectively.The prevalence of linezolid-resistant E.faecalis increased from 0.7％in 2015 to 3.4％in 2021,while the prevalence of linezolid-resistant E.faecium was 0.3％.Conclusions The clinical isolates of Enterococcus were still highly susceptible to vancomycin,teicoplanin,and linezolid,evidenced by a low resistance rate.However,the prevalence of linezolid-resistant E.faecalis was increasing during the 7-year period.It is necessary to strengthen antimicrobial resistance surveillance to effectively identify the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and curb the spread of resistant pathogens.

Objective To examine the changing antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterobacter spp.isolates in 53 hospitals across China from 2015 t0 2021.Methods The clinical isolates of Enterobacter spp.were collected from 53 hospitals across China during 2015-2021 and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer method or automated testing systems according to the CHINET unified protocol.The results were interpreted according to the breakpoints issued by the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2021(M100 31st edition)and analyzed with WHONET 5.6 software.Results A total of 37 966 Enterobacter strains were isolated from 2015 to 2021.The proportion of Enterobacter isolates among all clinical isolates showed a fluctuating trend over the 7-year period,overall 2.5％in all clinical isolates amd 5.7％in Enterobacterale strains.The most frequently isolated Enterobacter species was Enterobacter cloacae,accounting for 93.7％(35 571/37 966).The strains were mainly isolated from respiratory specimens(44.4±4.6)％,followed by secretions/pus(16.4±2.3)％and urine(16.0±0.9)％.The strains from respiratory samples decreased slightly,while those from sterile body fluids increased over the 7-year period.The Enterobacter strains were mainly isolated from inpatients(92.9％),and only(7.1±0.8)％of the strains were isolated from outpatients and emergency patients.The patients in surgical wards contributed the highest number of isolates(24.4±2.9)％compared to the inpatients in any other departement.Overall,≤ 7.9％of the E.cloacae strains were resistant to amikacin,tigecycline,polymyxin B,imipenem or meropenem,while ≤5.6％of the Enterobacter asburiae strains were resistant to these antimicrobial agents.E.asburiae showed higher resistance rate to polymyxin B than E.cloacae(19.7％vs 3.9％).Overall,≤8.1％of the Enterobacter gergoviae strains were resistant to tigecycline,amikacin,meropenem,or imipenem,while 10.5％of these strains were resistant to polycolistin B.The overall prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter was 10.0％over the 7-year period,but showing an upward trend.The resistance profiles of Enterobacter isolates varied with the department from which they were isolated and whether the patient is an adult or a child.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.cloacae was the highest in the E.cloacae isolates from ICU patients.Conclusions The results of the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program indicate that the proportion of Enterobacter strains in all clinical isolates fluctuates slightly over the 7-year period from 2015 to 2021.The Enterobacter strains showed increasing resistance to multiple antimicrobial drugs,especially carbapenems over the 7-year period.

Objective To understand the changing distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Proteus,Morganella and Providencia in hospitals across China from January 1,2015 to December 31,2021 in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out following the unified CHINET protocol.The results were interpreted in accordance with the breakpoints in the 2021 Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)M100(31 st Edition).Results A total of 32 433 Enterobacterales strains were isolated during the 7-year period,including 24 160 strains of Proteus,6 704 strains of Morganella,and 1 569 strains of Providencia.The overall number of these Enterobacterales isolates increased significantly over the 7-year period.The top 3 specimen source of these strains were urine,lower respiratory tract specimens,and wound secretions.Proteus,Morganella,and Providencia isolates showed lower resistance rates to amikacin,meropenem,cefoxitin,cefepime,cefoperazone-sulbactam,and piperacillin-tazobactam.For most of the antibiotics tested,less than 10％of the Proteus and Morganella strains were resistant,while less than 20％of the Providencia strains were resistant.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE)was 1.4％in Proteus isolates,1.9％in Morganella isolates,and 15.6％in Providencia isolates.Conclusions The overall number of clinical isolates of Proteus,Morganella and Providencia increased significantly in the 7-year period from 2015 to 2021.The prevalence of CRE strains also increased.More attention should be paid to antimicrobial resistance surveillance and rational antibiotic use so as to prevent the emergence and increase of antimicrobial resistance.