Inflammatory diseases (IDs) are a general term of diseases characterized by chronic inflammation as the primary pathogenetic mechanism, which seriously affect the quality of patient′s life and cause significant social and medical burden. Current drugs for IDs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, biologics, and antioxidants, but these drugs may cause gastrointestinal side effects, induce or worsen infections, and cause non-response or intolerance. Given the outstanding performance of metal polyphenol network (MPN) in the fields of drug delivery, biomedical imaging, and catalytic therapy, its application in the diagnosis and treatment of IDs has attracted much attention and significant progress has been made. In this paper, we first provide an overview of the types of IDs and their generating mechanisms, then sort out and summarize the different forms of MPN in recent years, and finally discuss in detail the characteristics of MPN and their latest research progress in the diagnosis and treatment of IDs. This research may provide useful references for scientific research and clinical practice in the related fields.

Platycodonis Radix is the dry root of Platycodon grandiflorum of Campanulaceae, which has a variety of pharmacological effects and is a commonly used bulk Chinese medicine. In this study, the chloroplast genome sequences of six P. grandiflorum from different producing areas has been sequenced with Illumina HiSeq X Ten platform. The specific DNA barcodes were screened, and the germplasm resources and genetic diversity were analyzed according to the specific barcodes. The total length of the chloroplast genome of 6 P. grandiflorum samples was 172 260-172 275 bp, and all chloroplast genomes showed a typical circular tetrad structure and encoded 141 genes. The comparative genomics analysis and results of amplification efficiency demonstrated that trnG-UCC and ndhG_ndhF were the potential specific DNA barcodes for identification the germplasm resources of P. grandiflorum. A total of 305 P. grandiflorum samples were collected from 15 production areas in 9 provinces, for which the fragments of trnG-UCC and ndhG_ndhF were amplificated and the sequences were analyzed. The results showed that trnG-UCC and ndhG_ndhF have 5 and 11 mutation sites, respectively, and 5 and 7 haplotypes were identified, respectively. The combined analysis of the two sequences formed 13 haplotypes (named Hap1-Hap13), and Hap4 is the main genotype, followed by Hap1. The unique haplotypes possessed by the three producing areas can be used as DNA molecular tags in this area to distinguish from the germplasm resources of P. grandiflorum from other areas. The haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity and genetic distance were 0.94, 4.79×10^-3 and 0.000 0-0.020 3, respectively, suggesting that the genetic diversity was abundant and intraspecific kinship was relatively close. This study laid a foundation for the identification of P. grandiflorum, the protection and utilization of germplasm resources, and molecular breeding.

Five flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the methanol and ethyl acetate fractions of the ethanol extract of Diphylleia sinensi by using various chromatographic methods, including silica gel, MCI gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified as diphyflavonoid A (1), diphyflavonoid B (2), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-(6″-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5) by spectroscopy methods (1D NMR, 2D NMR, UV, IR, and MS). Compounds 1 and 2 were two new flavonoid glycosides, and compounds 3 and 5 were isolated from the genus Diphylleia for the first time.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of new simplified insulin resistance(IR)assessment indexes in identifying subclinical left ventricular systolic function impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 150 T2DM patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF≥50%)who were admitted to Department of Endocrinology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from June 2021 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography to measure left ventricular global longitudinal strain(GLS).According to GLS value,the subjects were divided into the normal group(GLS≥18%group,n=80)and the impaired group(GLS<18%group,n=70).Some new simplified IR assessment indicators were calculated and compared between the two groups,including body mass index(BMI),TG/HDL-C ratio,triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index,TyG-BMI index,TyG-WHR and metabolic score for IR(METS-IR).Correlation between the GLS and the new simplified IR assessment indexes was analyzed.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of different simplified IR assessment indexes,with the area under the curve(AUC)calculated.Furthermore,according to whether the subjects were complicated with hypertension,binary logistics regression analysis was performed to explore the independent correlation between the simplified IR assessment index and GLS<18%.Results Total 150 were included with aged(54.5±13.7)years with 96(64.0%)men and 54(36.0%)women.Compared with the GLS≥18%group,the TG/HDL-C ratio,TyG index,TyG-BMI,and METS-IR of subjects in the GLS<18%group were significantly increased(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that TG/HDL-C ratio,TyG index,TyG-BMI,TyG-WHR,and METS-IR were negatively correlated with GLS(P<0.05).ROC analysis showed that TyG index had a certain predictive value for the evaluation of GLS<18%(AUC=0.678,95%CI 0.591-0.765,P<0.001).Stratification based on hypertension and further adjusting for confounding factors,TyG index remains significantly associated with GLS<18%(OR=3.249,95%CI 1.045-10.103,P=0.042).Conclusions The novel simplified insulin resistance evaluation indexes are closely associated with left ventricular subclinical systolic dysfunction in T2DM patients with preserved ejection fraction.TyG index is an effective index to identify left ventricular subclinical dysfunction in these populations.

Objective To observe the effect of catgut implantation at acupoint(CIAA)on the learning and memory function,hippocampal microangiogenesis,and the mRNA and protein expression of angiopoietin-1(Ang-1)/vascular endothelialgrowth factor(VEGF)and its receptor TEK tyrosine kinase(TIE2)/VEGF receptor 2(VEGFR2)in rats with vascular dementia(VD).To explore the mechanism of catgut implantation at acupoint in preventing and treating VD.Methods Using a random number table,VD rats were divided into a model group,a nimodipine group,and an catgut implantation at acupoint group,and a sham operation group was set up,with 10 rats in each group.On the 7th day after surgery,the treatment groups were given catgut implantation at acupoint and nimodipine gastric lavage for 21 days.After treatment,Morris water maze behavioral test was performed.HE staining was used to observe hippocampal CA1 tissue.CD34 immunohistochemical staining was used to detect hippocampal microvascular density(MVD).Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of Ang-1/VEGF and its receptor TIE2/VEGFR2 in the hippocampus.Results Compared with the model group,the average escape latency of the other groups was significantly shortened,and the target quadrant residence time was significantly prolonged(P<0.01,P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the number of nucleolus and well-formed pyramidal cells in hippocampal CA1 area of the catgut implantation at acupoint group and the nimodipine group increased in varying degrees,and they were arranged more closely,with only a few cells scattered and swollen.In the sham surgery group,a few CD34 positive cells were scattered.The treatment groups had more closely distributed CD34 positive cells with significant staining compared to the model group.The MVD of the model group was significantly higher than that of the sham surgery group(P<0.01).Both nimodipine group and catgut implantation at acupoint group had higher MVD than the model group(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the sham surgery group,the mRNA and protein expression of Ang-1/VEGF and its receptor TIE2/VEGFR2 in the model group increased significantly(P<0.01,P<0.05).Compared with the model group,both nimodipine group and catgut implantation at acupoint group had higher mRNA and protein expression of Ang-1/VEGF and its receptor TIE2/VEGFR2(P<0.01,P<0.05).Conclusion Catgut implantation at acupoint can improve the learning and memory abilities in VD rats,promote hippocampal microvascular angiogenesis,which may be related to the up-regulation of Ang-1/VEGF and its receptor TIE2/VEGFR2 mRNA and protein expression.

Objective To investigate the efeects of microRNA(miR)-103a-3p regulates tumor protein 53-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1(TRIAP1)on osteoblast differentiation and bone mass in ovariectomized mice.Methods MC3T3-E1 cells were divided into normal group,miR-103a-3p-NC group,miR-103a-3p mimic group,miR-103a-3p mimic+TRIAP1-NC group,miR-103a-3p mimic+TRIAP1 mimic group.mRNA expression of miR-103a-3p,TRIAP1,P53 were detected by Real-time PCR;Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT test and flow cytometry;cytoskeleton and mineralization of cells were detected by F-actin immunofluorescence staining and alizarin staining;alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity was detected by ELISA.24 female mice were divided into sham group,osteoporosis(OP)group,miR-103a-3p antagonist-NC group,miR-103a-3p antagonist group(six in each group),extract bilateral ovaries to establish an OP model,sham group mice only isolated fat around ovarian tissue.mRNA expression of miR-103a-3p,TRIAP1,P53,ALP,osteocalcin(OCN),osteopontin(OPN)of bone tissue were detected;microCT detect bone mineral density(BMD),bone mineral content(BMC);haematoxylin eosin staining was used to observe pathological changes of bone tissue.Results After miR-103a-3p mimic was transfected into cells,the miR-103a-3p and P53 expression increased,TRIAP1 expression decreased,cell proliferation decreased,apoptosis increased,F-actin expression decreased,the number of calcium nodules decreased,and ALP enzyme activity decreased(P<0.01);however,after TRIAP1 mimic was additionally transfected into cells,the above result caused by miR-103a-3p mimics were significantly reversed(P<0.01).In OP group,the miR-103a-3p and P53 expression in bone tissue increased,the TRIAP1,ALP,OCN and OPN expression decreased,BMD and BMC were decreased,and bone tissue construct was damaged(P<0.05);in miR-103a-3p antagonist group,the miR-103a-3p and P53 expression in bone tissue decreased,TRIAP1,ALP,OCN,OPN expression increased,BMD and BMC increased,and bone tissue construct was improved(P<0.05).Conclusion MiRNA-103a-3p mediate TRIAP1/P53 to inhibit proliferation and mineralization of osteoblast,while miR-103a-3p antagonistic treatment reduce bone loss in OP mice.

Objective To discuss the application of the"rotating guidewire and correcting the filter recovery hook direction technique"("rotation-correction loop technique"for short),a technique invented by the authors in clinical practice,in the retrieval of complex inferior vena cava filter(IVCF),and to discuss its technical skills and advantages.Methods The clinical data of 417 patients carrying an IVCF,who were admitted to the Department of Vascular Surgery of Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University of China to retrieve IVCF between January 2022 and December 2022,were retrospectively analyzed.Taking the time spent on the retrieval of IVCF and the intraoperative radiation dose as the evaluation indicators,the advantages and disadvantages of the standard filter retrieval technique,the"rotation-correction loop technique"and the other loop-assisted techniques were compared.Results Both the intraoperative radiation dose and the time spent on the retrieval of IVCF using"rotation-correction loop technique"were remarkably lower than those of other loop-assisted techniques(P＜0.000 1).Conclusion For the retrieval of complex IVCF,especially for the IVCF which is heavily tilted and/or its recovered hook is attached to the vascular wall,the use of"rotation-correction loop technique"can shorten the time spent on the the retrieval of IVCF and reduce the intraoperative radiation dose.This technique carries high safety and practicability,the device is simple and it can be manipulated by single physician,which is conducive to clinical application and promotion.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:289-294)

Objective:To evaluate the reliability of the Edinburgh visual gait score(ECGS)and assess its validity by com-parihg the results to three-dimensional gait analysis.Additionally,the study examines the correlation between EVGS and gross motor function classification system(GMFCS).The findings are expected to support the clini-cal application of EVGS. Method:Twenty children with cerebral palsy(CP)were randomly selected from 727 children who underwent three-dimensional gait analysis at Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital between 2019 and 2021.The walking videos of CP were evaluated using EVGS by four evaluators with different experience backgrounds,and repeated by the same evaluators after one month.Intragroup correlation coefficient(ICC)was used to test inter-and intra-evaluator reliability.Spearman was used to test EVGS,three-dimensional gait analysis data and GMFCS. Result:The ICC of the first assessment among evaluators was 0.947(P＜0.001),the ICC of the second as-sessment was 0.952(P＜0.001),indicating high inter-and intra-evaluator reliability.The Spearman correlation analysis results showed a moderate relationship between ECGS and three-dimensional gait data,with poor valid-ity in coronal items.A significant correlation was found between EVGS and GMFCS.Further,the intra-item correlation analysis of EVGS showed that the foot,pelvis and trunk significantly influenced the overall EVGS outcomes. Conclusion:The inter-and intra-evaluator reliability among the four evaluators were highly reliable.The validi-ty of EVGS was lower when compared with three-dimensional gait analysis.However,EVGS were correlated with the motor dysfunction levels in CP.Overall,EVGS can be used as a substitute tool for gait analysis,which is the most reliable visual gait score at present.

Gallbladder carcinoma,a relatively rare malignancy within the biliary tract,presents a grave prognosis primarily due to asymptomatic early stages leading to advanced stage diagnosis and the absence of efficacious treatment options.Research has identified chronic inflammation,predom-inantly caused by gallstones,as a critical etiological factor.While surgical intervention offers potential curative outcomes in early stages,the majority of cases are identified too late for optimal surgical outcomes.Chemotherapy and targeted therapy,despite offering new therapeutic avenues,have not significantly improved overall survival rates.Thus,understanding the pathogenesis of gallbladder cancer,especially its association with key genetic and molecular pathways,is imperative for devising novel therapeutic strategies.This review delineates the epidemiology,pathogenesis,current treat-ment modalities,and research advancements in gallbladder cancer,aiming to provide innovative in-sights for clinical management and guide future research endeavors.

Objective:To investigate the value of antioxidant-associated long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)risk score model in prognosis and the association with immune microenvironment of the gastric cancer patients.Methods:Gastric cancer transcriptome data and clinical information were downloaded from TCGA database.Antioxidant-associated lncRNAs were obtained by co-ex-pression analysis of lncRNAs and antioxidant genes.Risk score was constructed using univariate cox regression analysis and lasso regression analysis.Log-Rank test was used to compare the survival differences between two groups.Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was used to assess the specificity and sensitivity of the prognostic risk score model.Nomogram was constructed com-bining risk score and clinical parameters.Immune cell infiltration was assessed by TIMER 2.0.Im-munotherapy sensitivity of each sample was analyzed at TIDE website.Results:A risk score in-cluding 12 IncRNAs was constructed by univariate cox regression analysis and lasso regression anal-ysis.The risk score was an independent factor influencing patient prognosis[HR=5.406(3.131～9.335),P＜0.001].Risk score was positively correlated with multiple suppressive immune cells infil-tration(M2 macrophage,tumor-associated fibroblast).Meanwhile,multiple aberrant expression of immune checkpoint genes and higher TIDE score were found in high-risk group,suggesting that high-risk groups may be more sensitive to immunotherapy.Conclusion:The antioxidant-associ-ated IncRNAs risk score is a good prognostic predictor and can act as a reference in individualized immunotherapy for gastric cancer patients.