This study explored the differences in academic achievement and psychological/emotional well-being between criterion-referenced evaluation (CRE) and norm-referenced evaluation (NRE) at a medical school. The objective was to address concerns about declining academic performance and to propose evaluation methods that promote a more supportive learning environment for students. In total, 90 first-year medical students who completed the basic medical curriculum in 2022 and 2023 were surveyed and analyzed. The sample consisted of 45 students assessed by NRE in 2022 and 45 students assessed by CRE in 2023. Academic performance was measured using school grades in basic medical subjects and scores from the Basic Medical Education Evaluation. Psychological and emotional well-being were assessed through scales measuring academic burnout, academic motivation, coping efficacy, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. The results indicated that students assessed by CRE achieved significantly higher academic scores in certain subjects than those assessed by NRE. Additionally, the CRE group exhibited more positive psychological and emotional states, including lower levels of academic burnout, anxiety, and depression. These findings suggest that CRE may have a beneficial impact on students’ emotional well-being and overall academic experience. The study concludes that CRE plays a critical role in improving both academic performance and emotional health among medical students, and that transitioning to CRE may alleviate concerns about declining grades while promoting a more supportive learning environment.

This study explored the differences in academic achievement and psychological/emotional well-being between criterion-referenced evaluation (CRE) and norm-referenced evaluation (NRE) at a medical school. The objective was to address concerns about declining academic performance and to propose evaluation methods that promote a more supportive learning environment for students. In total, 90 first-year medical students who completed the basic medical curriculum in 2022 and 2023 were surveyed and analyzed. The sample consisted of 45 students assessed by NRE in 2022 and 45 students assessed by CRE in 2023. Academic performance was measured using school grades in basic medical subjects and scores from the Basic Medical Education Evaluation. Psychological and emotional well-being were assessed through scales measuring academic burnout, academic motivation, coping efficacy, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. The results indicated that students assessed by CRE achieved significantly higher academic scores in certain subjects than those assessed by NRE. Additionally, the CRE group exhibited more positive psychological and emotional states, including lower levels of academic burnout, anxiety, and depression. These findings suggest that CRE may have a beneficial impact on students’ emotional well-being and overall academic experience. The study concludes that CRE plays a critical role in improving both academic performance and emotional health among medical students, and that transitioning to CRE may alleviate concerns about declining grades while promoting a more supportive learning environment.

This study explored the differences in academic achievement and psychological/emotional well-being between criterion-referenced evaluation (CRE) and norm-referenced evaluation (NRE) at a medical school. The objective was to address concerns about declining academic performance and to propose evaluation methods that promote a more supportive learning environment for students. In total, 90 first-year medical students who completed the basic medical curriculum in 2022 and 2023 were surveyed and analyzed. The sample consisted of 45 students assessed by NRE in 2022 and 45 students assessed by CRE in 2023. Academic performance was measured using school grades in basic medical subjects and scores from the Basic Medical Education Evaluation. Psychological and emotional well-being were assessed through scales measuring academic burnout, academic motivation, coping efficacy, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. The results indicated that students assessed by CRE achieved significantly higher academic scores in certain subjects than those assessed by NRE. Additionally, the CRE group exhibited more positive psychological and emotional states, including lower levels of academic burnout, anxiety, and depression. These findings suggest that CRE may have a beneficial impact on students’ emotional well-being and overall academic experience. The study concludes that CRE plays a critical role in improving both academic performance and emotional health among medical students, and that transitioning to CRE may alleviate concerns about declining grades while promoting a more supportive learning environment.

This study explored the differences in academic achievement and psychological/emotional well-being between criterion-referenced evaluation (CRE) and norm-referenced evaluation (NRE) at a medical school. The objective was to address concerns about declining academic performance and to propose evaluation methods that promote a more supportive learning environment for students. In total, 90 first-year medical students who completed the basic medical curriculum in 2022 and 2023 were surveyed and analyzed. The sample consisted of 45 students assessed by NRE in 2022 and 45 students assessed by CRE in 2023. Academic performance was measured using school grades in basic medical subjects and scores from the Basic Medical Education Evaluation. Psychological and emotional well-being were assessed through scales measuring academic burnout, academic motivation, coping efficacy, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. The results indicated that students assessed by CRE achieved significantly higher academic scores in certain subjects than those assessed by NRE. Additionally, the CRE group exhibited more positive psychological and emotional states, including lower levels of academic burnout, anxiety, and depression. These findings suggest that CRE may have a beneficial impact on students’ emotional well-being and overall academic experience. The study concludes that CRE plays a critical role in improving both academic performance and emotional health among medical students, and that transitioning to CRE may alleviate concerns about declining grades while promoting a more supportive learning environment.

This study explored the differences in academic achievement and psychological/emotional well-being between criterion-referenced evaluation (CRE) and norm-referenced evaluation (NRE) at a medical school. The objective was to address concerns about declining academic performance and to propose evaluation methods that promote a more supportive learning environment for students. In total, 90 first-year medical students who completed the basic medical curriculum in 2022 and 2023 were surveyed and analyzed. The sample consisted of 45 students assessed by NRE in 2022 and 45 students assessed by CRE in 2023. Academic performance was measured using school grades in basic medical subjects and scores from the Basic Medical Education Evaluation. Psychological and emotional well-being were assessed through scales measuring academic burnout, academic motivation, coping efficacy, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. The results indicated that students assessed by CRE achieved significantly higher academic scores in certain subjects than those assessed by NRE. Additionally, the CRE group exhibited more positive psychological and emotional states, including lower levels of academic burnout, anxiety, and depression. These findings suggest that CRE may have a beneficial impact on students’ emotional well-being and overall academic experience. The study concludes that CRE plays a critical role in improving both academic performance and emotional health among medical students, and that transitioning to CRE may alleviate concerns about declining grades while promoting a more supportive learning environment.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors recorded worldwide. This condition has high morbidity and mortality and seriously endangers people's health. Traditional diagnostic models fail to meet people's current needs for real-time monitoring of tumors. Compared with traditional detection methods, ctDNA detection is not only noninvasive but can also attain real-time detection of comprehensive genomic information of tumors. The advancement of detection technology has gradually highlighted the potential of ctDNA detection in the clinical treatment of CRC. This article reviews the advancements on the clinical application of ctDNA in early screening, minimal residual disease detection, and guidance on individualized treatment of CRC patients.

Objective    To report a simple and safe method for in situ fenestration of left subclavian artery in thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Methods    Twenty-eight patients received in situ fenestration of left subclavian artery in TEVAR from June 2018 to May 2019 in our center, including 23 males and 5 females at an average age of 57.7±9.6 years. Among them, 12 patients used adjustable sheath or guiding catheter (a group A) and 16 patients used "J. D" technique (a group B). The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared. Results    In the group A, 1 patient failed to receive fenestration and was transferred to the chimney technique. In the group B, 1 patient due to the traction system shift during operation, was completed by traditional adjustable sheath puncture. The group B had shorter alignment-perforation time and trigger time and less complications. There was no significant difference in endoleak during short-term follow-up between the two groups. Conclusion    The "J. D" technique is simple, safe and easy to obtain materials. It effectively reduces the risk caused by difficult sheath alignment during the in situ fenestration of the left subclavian artery. Although the results of recent follow-up are not significantly different from traditional methods, it still needs to accumulate the cases to observe the possible risks and difficulties.

Objective:To identify the risk factors of non-sentinel lymph node (nSLN) metastasis in breast cancer patients with 1~2 positive axillary sentinel lymph node (SLN) and construct an accurate prediction model.Methods:Retrospective chart review was performed in 917 breast cancer patients who underwent surgery treatment between 2002 and 2017 and pathologically confirmed 1-2 positive SLNs. According to the date of surgery, patients were divided into training group (497 cases) and validation group (420 cases). A nomogram was built to predict nSLN metastasis and the accuracy of the model was validated.Results:Among the 917 patients, 251 (27.4%) had nSLN metastasis. Univariate analysis showed tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), extra-capsular extension (ECE), the number of positive and negative SLN and macro-metastasis of SLN were associated with nSLN metastasis (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed the numbers of positive SLN, negative SLN and macro-metastasis of SLN were independent predictors of nSLN metastasis (all P<0.05). A nomogram was constructed based on the 6 factors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.718 for the training group and 0.742 for the validation group. Conclusion:We have developed a nomogram that uses 6 risk factors commonly available to accurately estimate the likelihood of nSLN metastasis for individual patient, which might be helpful for radiation oncologists to make a decision on regional nodal irradiation.

Objective:To identify the risk factors of non-sentinel lymph node (nSLN) metastasis in breast cancer patients with 1~2 positive axillary sentinel lymph node (SLN) and construct an accurate prediction model.Methods:Retrospective chart review was performed in 917 breast cancer patients who underwent surgery treatment between 2002 and 2017 and pathologically confirmed 1-2 positive SLNs. According to the date of surgery, patients were divided into training group (497 cases) and validation group (420 cases). A nomogram was built to predict nSLN metastasis and the accuracy of the model was validated.Results:Among the 917 patients, 251 (27.4%) had nSLN metastasis. Univariate analysis showed tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), extra-capsular extension (ECE), the number of positive and negative SLN and macro-metastasis of SLN were associated with nSLN metastasis (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed the numbers of positive SLN, negative SLN and macro-metastasis of SLN were independent predictors of nSLN metastasis (all P<0.05). A nomogram was constructed based on the 6 factors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.718 for the training group and 0.742 for the validation group. Conclusion:We have developed a nomogram that uses 6 risk factors commonly available to accurately estimate the likelihood of nSLN metastasis for individual patient, which might be helpful for radiation oncologists to make a decision on regional nodal irradiation.

OBJECTIVE: Increased carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid plaque as manifestations of carotid atherosclerosis have been used as markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) are linked to CVD, but the association between MetS and CVD is controversial. METHODS: A total of 8,933 Chinese adults aged 40 years or older from 2010 to 2014 were selected from the Jidong and Kailuan communities. MetS was defined by the International Diabetes Federation criteria. CIMT and carotid plaque were measured using color Doppler ultrasound. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association of MetS with carotid plaque and CIMT. RESULTS: MetS was found among 3,461 (3,461/8,933) participants. The odds ratio and 95% confidence internal (CI) for carotid plaques in participants with MetS was 1.16 (1.03-1.30). The risk of carotid plaques increased with the number of MetS components. The average CIMT was higher in participants with MetS (β = 0.020, 95% CI, 0.014-0.027) and in participants with more MetS components. CONCLUSION Individuals with MetS are at an increased risk for carotid atherosclerosis compared to those without MetS.