ObjectiveTo observe the intervention effect of Huaiqihuang granules （HQH） on immunoglobulin A vasculitis nephritis （IgAVN） mice and explore the underlying therapeutic mechanism. MethodFifty SPF-grade male Kunming mice were randomly divided into a normal group， an IgAVN model group， a dexamethasone group （2.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， a low-dose HQH group （4 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and a high-dose HQH group （8 g·kg^-1·d^-1）. The mouse model was established using oral administration of gliadin combined with intravenous injection of India ink. After successful modeling， the mice were euthanized after 4 weeks of gastric gavage according to groups. The 24 h urinary total protein （24 h UTP）， urine β₂-microglobulin （β₂-MG）， serum total protein， albumin， IgA， etc. were detected in each group. Flow cytometry was used to determine the proportion of T helper 17 （Th17） cells in spleen cell suspension. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase α （AMPKα）， phosphorylated AMPKα （p-AMPKα）， acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 （ACC1）， and phosphorylated ACC1 （p-ACC1） in Th17 cells. Pathological changes in the spleen and kidneys were observed. ResultCompared with the normal group， the IgAVN model group showed significant increases in 24 h UTP， urine β₂-MG， total cholesterol （P<0.05）， serum interleukin-17 （IL-17）， IgA， Th17 proportion in the spleen cell suspension， and IL-17 expression in the spleen tissue （P<0.01）， and significantly decreased serum total protein， albumin， p-AMPKα/AMPKα， and p-ACC1/ACC1 expression of Th17 cells （P<0.01）. Compared with the IgAVN model group， in the 4th week， the 24 h UTP， urine β₂-MG， serum IL-17， IgA levels， and renal IgA deposition were significantly reduced in each treatment group （P<0.01）， and the Th17 proportion and IL-17 expression in spleen tissue were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Serum albumin levels significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the IgAVN model group， the dexamethasone group and the high-dose HQH group showed increases in serum total protein （P<0.01）， p-AMPKα/AMPKα， and p-ACC1/ACC1 expression of Th17 cells （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The high-dose HQH group showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol level （P<0.05）. Various treatment groups showed different degrees of improvement in spleen and kidney pathological changes. ConclusionHQH may affect Th17 cell differentiation by regulating the AMPK/ACC pathway， correcting immune inflammatory disorders， and exerting therapeutic effects on IgAVN.

Objective: To develop the Family-School-Community Cooperation Dilemma Scale for Nutritional Education in Primary Schools Students, and to determine its reliability and validity, in order to provide a basis for developing targeted strategies to promote family-school-community cooperation in the area of nutritional education. Methods: Based on overlapping spheres of influence theory, the initial scale was developed through a qualitative and literature review, discussion with Delphi experts and a pilot survey from July 2022 to July 2023. From July to September 2023, a total of 125 primary school parents, 118 primary school teachers and 113 community personnel were selected from six cities in Jiangsu Province by convenient sampling methods, who were investigated to test the reliability and validity of the scale and to develop a formal scale. Results: The final Family-School-Community Cooperation Dilemma Scale for Nutritional Education in Primary School students consisted of 3 dimensions and 19 items. The exploratory analysis extracted three metric factors, with a contribution ratio of 69.07% to the accumulated variance. The mean scale component effectiveness was 0.94, and the coefficient of association between the respective dimensions and the scale ranged from 0.80 to 0.91.The overall Cronbach α coefficient for the scale was 0.95, the folded half reliability was 0.87, and the retest reliability was 0.98. Conclusion The Family-School-Community Cooperation Dilemma Scale for Nutritional Education in Primary School Students has good reliability and validity, and can be used to measure the degree of the family-school-community cooperation dilemma regarding nutritional education in primary school students.

Objective:To investigate the incidence and related risk factors of refeeding syndrome (RFS) in patients with severe stroke.Methods:Patients with severe stroke admitted to the Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University underwent nutritional treatment again after fasting between December 2017 and October 2022 were included retrospectively. The incidence of RFS in patients with severe stroke was summarized. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the independent risk factors for RFS. A restricted cubic spline model was used to explore the dose-response relationship between relevant indicators and RFS. Results:A total of 188 patients were included, including 108 males and 80 females, with a median age of 72 years (interquartile range, 63-77 years); 185 patients (98.4%) had ischemic stroke and 3 (1.6%) had cerebral hemorrhage; 59 (31.4%) received enteral nutrition, 36 (19.1%) received gastrointestinal decompression, 30 (16.0%) received mechanical ventilation; and 60 patients (31.9%) developed RFS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum creatinine (odds ratio [ OR] 1.011, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.001-1.020; P=0.025), serum potassium ( OR 8.349, 95% CI 3.025-23.039; P<0.001), serum phosphorus ( OR 46.578, 95% CI 6.444-336.661; P<0.001) and diabetes ( OR 2.173, 95% CI 1.087-4.345; P=0.028) were the independent risk factors for the occurrence of RFS. The restricted cubic spline model analysis showed that there was a non-linear relationship between serum creatinine and RFS, and the increased risk of RFS showed an "S" shape with the increase of serum creatinine. When serum creatinine exceeded 70.68 μmoI/L, the risk of RFS continued to increase. There was no non-linear relationship between serum phosphorus and serum potassium and RFS. Conclusions:Serum creatinine, serum phosphorus, serum potassium and diabetes are the independent risk factors for RFS in patients with severe stroke. These risk factors should be utilized to identify the high-risk patients with RFS early and the targeted measures should be taken as soon as possible.

Objective To investigate the effects of socioeconomic factors on the prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) patients and construct a prediction model for evaluating myeloma-specific survival (MSS) rates. Methods A total of 32625 patients diagnosed with MM between January 2007 and December 2016 were included through the SEER database. Cox regression model was used to analyze the predictive indicators of MSS. The results of the multivariate subgroup analysis were presented as forest plots. The significant factors identified in the multivariate Cox analysis were used to construct a nomogram. The predictive performance of the nomogram was assessed using the AUC and calibration plots. A nomogram score-based risk stratification system was constructed using a restricted cubic spline. Results Patients were divided into five groups according to their socioeconomic status (SES). Groups with higher SES had relatively higher proportions of those part of the White, insured, married, and urban populations. Age, gender, race, marital status, insurance status, and SES were independent prognostic factors of MSS (all P < 0.001). The linear trend of increased MSS risk with decreasing SES was most pronounced among the White, married, insured, and urban patients (all P < 0.001). The nomogram exhibited good discrimination and accuracy in both training and validation sets, showing AUC values of 0.701, 0.709, and 0.722 for predicting 3-, 5-, and 8-year MSS, respectively. A risk stratification model was established based on the nomogram total points and the HR, which then divided patients into three different risk levels with substantial survival disparities (all P < 0.001). Conclusion Socioeconomic factors, such as marital status, insurance status, and SES, have a significant impact on the survival outcomes of MM patients. The nomogram and the risk stratification model based on these factors can accurately and reliably predict MSS.

Objective:To explore the utilization of cancer-related data from basic medical insurance databases in China, and promote the application of medical insurance data in cancer prevention and treatment.Methods:Database PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI were used to select related research papers using data from basic medical insurance system in China published by December 2021. Descriptive analysis was conducted in terms of the number of publications, types of cancer, primary research contents and author affiliations.Results:A total of 65 papers were included in the study. The number of publications increased rapidly after 2016. The most studied cancer type was lung cancer, and healthcare costs were the most common research contents. Fujian, Beijing, and Anhui have made a better use of cancer-related medical insurance databases compared to other provincial regions. The accessibility of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme data was limited due to the high regional barriers, while the accessibility of the urban basic medical insurance data was relatively high. The researchers from Peking University and Fudan University had higher utilization of basic medical insurance data compared with those from other institutions.Conclusions:The utilization of cancer-related data from basic medical insurance databases in China is limited because of poor accessibility, insufficient data sharing, and regional restrictions. Thus, it is urgent to improve data accessibility and promote the integration and utilization of regional medical insurance data.

Gastrointestinal viruses include acute gastroenteritis virus and enterovirus. These viruses are highly contagious and human populations are generally susceptible to them, and the viruses require only tens to hundreds of virus particles to cause infection. Digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) has the advantages of high sensitivity, strong anti-interference and direct quantification. It has shown its uniqueness in the detection of gastrointestinal viruses, especially for samples with low viral loads, which is a beneficial supplement to the real-time PCR technology. This article reviews and looks forward to the application of digital PCR technology in gastrointestinal virus detection.

Objective: To investigate the role of long non-coding RNA double homeobox A pseudogene 9 (DUXAP9) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to evaluate the expression level, molecular function and mechanism of DUXAP9 in HNSCC cells. Methods: Differential expression of lncRNAs between normal and tumor tissues in HNSCC tissues were screened using lncRNA microarray, the expression level of DUXAP9 in HNSCC tissues and its relationship with prognosis were analyzed in the TCGA database. The expression levels of DUXAP9 in HNSCC tissues and cell lines were detected using qRT-PCR. The function in HNSCC cells after DUXAP9 silencing was evaluated using the CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay, Transwell migration assay and subcutaneous xenograft assay in nude mice. Changes in the transcription and translation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells after DUXAP9 silencing were detected using qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results: lncRNA microarray results showed that, compared to adjacent normal tissues, DUXAP9 was abnormally upregulated in HNSCC tissues. Analysis from TCGA database showed that, compared to HNSCC patients with low DUXAP9 expression, HNSCC patients with high DUXAP9 expression had poorer survival. The relative expression of DUXAP9 in HNSCC tissues and 4 HNSCC cell lines increased compared to paired adjacent normal tissues as detected using qRT-PCR. Silencing DUXAP9 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and expression of EMT-related genes in HNSCC cells. The silencing of DUXAP9 significantly inhibited subcutaneous tumorigenesis of the HNSCC cell line CAL27 in nude mice. Conclusion Silencing DUXAP9 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HNSCC cells and subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice. DUXAP9 may mediate the migration of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells via the EMT pathway.

OBJECTIVE：To establish a m ethod to determine the cont ents of 20 elements impurities in Aminomethylbenzoic acid injection ，and to investigate its compatibility in low-borosilicate glass ampoules. METHODS ：The sample was diluted with 5％ nitric acid solution ，and then determined by ICP-MS using scandium ，indium and bismuth as internal standards. The nebulizer flow（argon）was 0.92 L/min，collision gas flow （helium）was 4.5 L/min，RF power was 1 895 W，plasma flow was 18 L/min， pump speed was 40 r/min，injection delay time was 65 s. The collision mode was used as measurement mode ，the data sampling adopted peak skipping mode ，and repeated for 3 times. The accelerated test was carried out after sample was stored at 70 ℃ for 1 and 3 months，and the compatibility was investigated by comparing the change trend of element impurity content. RESULTS ：The linear range of vanadium ，cobalt，chromium，arsenic，cadmium，antimony，mercury，thallium and lead were 0.01-20 μg/L；those of magnesium ，aluminium，ferrum，nickel，copper，zinc，barium were 0.1-200 μg/L；those of boron ，silicon，potassium and calcium were 1-2 000 μg/L（r≥0.999 8）. RSDs of precision ，intermediate precision ，stability（8 h）and repeatability test were all lower than 6％. The limits of quantitation were 0.000 7-2.986 3 μg/L；the limits of detection were 0.000 2-0.895 9 μg/L. The average recoveries were 88.50％-111.00％（RSDs were 0.52％-2.33％，n＝9）. The minimum content of 20 element impurities was less than detection limits ，the maximum contents were 3 835.9 μg/L（0 month），10 448.4 μg/L（1 month），17 261.2 μg/L（3 month） in Aminomethylbenzoic acid injection from 8 manufacturers. Among the 20 elements impurities ，except that boron ， aluminum，magnesium，silicon，calcium and potassium were not specified ，the contents of other elements were less than the threshold. The research of compatibility showed that the impurity contents of seven elements such as boron ，aluminum，silicon， potassium，zinc，arsenic and barium showed an increasing trend. The silicon concentration ，silicon/aluminum concentration ratio and silicon/boron concentration ratio in the accelerated samples after stored for one and three months were significantly different from those stored for 0 month. CONCLUSIONS ：The established method is sensitive ，reproducible and accurate ，and can be used for the content determination of 20 element impurities in Aminomethylbenzoic acid injection. The interaction between low-borosilicate ampoule and Aminomethylbenzoic acid injection is obvious.

Objective To investigate the current knowledge and execution status of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention and management among critical care practitioners in cancer hospitals in China. Methods A self-designed electronic questionnaire was used to survey the registered medical members from the Critical Care Medicine Society of China Anti-Cancer Association (CACA), 409 practitioners participated in the survey with validated questionnaires. The respondents were divided into physician group (n = 142) and nurse group (n = 267) according to the occupation. The practitioners' basic knowledge situation of VTE prevention, the daily practice of VTE prophylaxis, and the prevention of anti-coagulation situation in patients undergoing tumor surgery and non-surgery treatment were analyzed. Results Respondents from 24 Departments of Critical Care Medicine of Cancer Hospitals in 17 provinces and 4 municipalities across China participated in the survey, accounting for 29.0% of the total registered members of the Critical Care Medicine Society of CACA. ① Practitioners' current basic knowledge and attitude of VTE prevention:45.8% (11/24) of the hospitals involved in the survey had established VTE quality control system; 66.5% (272/409) of the respondents very concerned about VTE; the proportion of respondents very concerned about VTE [83.8% (119/142) vs. 57.3% (153/267)] and proportion of respondents who thought that VTE had a significant effect on prognosis [84.5% (120/142) vs. 74.9% (200/267)] in physician group were significantly higher than those in nurse group (both P < 0.05); a similar proportion of the respondents in physician and nurse groups suggested energetic prevention of VTE should be carried out [70.4% (100/142) vs. 69.3% (185/267), P > 0.05]. ② Daily practice of VTE prevention: compared with American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines, the proportion of the respondents who were familiar with the VTE guidelines from the Chinese society of clinical oncology (CSCO) was significantly higher [61.4% (251/409) vs. 38.9% (159/409), 38.1% (156/409)]; 99.0% (405/409) of the respondents believed guidelines were necessary for the VTE prevention and management of critically ill cancer patients, meanwhile 60.6% (248/409) suggested the implementation of the current guidelines needed to be adjusted according to the clinical practical situation; 85.1% (348/409) of the respondents performed regular VTE risk assessment in clinical practice; 81.9% (335/409) implemented VTE prevention strategy based on difference in risk stratification results; 66.7% (273/409) of the respondents selected Caprini score recommended by the guidelines for VTE risk assessment. ③ VTE prophylaxis for critically ill cancer patients: for postoperative cancer patients, 78.5% (321/409) of the respondents implemented both mechanical prophylaxis and anticoagulants for prevention of VTE, 66.3% (271/409) respondents discontinued the mechanical prophylaxis and 54.0% (221/409) discontinued prophylactic anticoagulation once the patients were ambulatory; for patients with critical cancer illness under medical treatment, only 9.5% (39/409) of the respondents routinely implemented prophylactic anticoagulation, while the majority of respondents 82.4% (337/409) implemented prophylactic anticoagulation based on a comprehensive risk assessment for bleeding; 61.1% (250/409) discontinued mechanical prophylaxis and 42.3% (173/409) discontinued prophylactic anticoagulation once the patients were ambulatory. Conclusions The results of this nation-wide survey reveal the current knowledge and practice status of the VTE prevention and management among critical care practitioners in China, indicating that VTE prophylactic anti-coagulation practice for critically ill cancer patients is still suboptimal. The present guidelines are not directing to the VTE preventive works for such patients, resulting in that the VTE preventive strategy remains largely based on experiences of medical workers rather than scientific evidence from clinical trials. Establishing and improving expert consensus or guidelines for critical cancer patients are beneficial and of great importance to elevate the level of standardizing prevention and management of VTE in China.

To develop a clinical diagnosis technique for bluetongue virus infection, we established serotype-specific methods to detect serotype 4 of bluetongue virus (BTV-4). Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against VP2 protein of BTV-4, named 4A-1G7 and 4B-1B6, were used as competitive antibodies in the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (C-ELISA). We detected 50 negative serum samples from sheep, goats and cattle by C-ELISA. The cut-off values of 4A-1G7 and 4B-1B6 mAbs were 49% and 40%, respectively. The results of the sensitivity, specificity and repeatability by detecting standard positive serum, were consistent with the general standard of Office International Des Epizooties. Furthermore, serum samples of BTV-4, BTV-18 and BTV-20 infection could be screened out through the combined C-ELISAs by 4A-1G7 and 4B-1B6 mAbs. Thus, this technique may diagnose BTV-4, BTV-18 and BTV-20 infections.