Objective To explore the anti-depression mechanism of Kai-Xin-San(KXS)via regulation of neurogenesis in hippocampus of depression-like mice.Methods The extracts of KXS were prepared and the anti-depression effects of KXS were evaluated by behavioral tests on chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)induced depression-like mice.Evaluating depression-like behavior in CUMS mice through sucrose preference test,forced swimming test,tail suspension test,and other methods.Neurogenesis in hippocampus were determined by immunofluorescence assay.In addition,effects of KXS on regulating nestin expression and Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway were explored by western blotting analysis.Amounts of cortisol,corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF),adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and nerve growth factor(NGF)were determined by ELISA tests.Mouse primary neural stem cells(NSC)was used to evaluate the effect of KXS on promoting its proliferation by immunofluorescence assay.In addition,effects of KXS on regulating nestin and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were also explored by Western blotting analysis.Results KXS significantly ameliorated the depression-like behaviors in presence of increased sucrose preference rate and decreased immobile time of tail suspension and forced swimming.KXS significantly promoted the neurogenesis in the hippocampus and expressions of nestin,reduced the expressions of cortisol,CRF,ACTH,increased the expressions of BDNF,NGF,and regulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.KXS also promoted the proliferation of NSCs and expressions of nestin,enhanced the translocation of b-catenin into nucleus,and regulated the expressions of proteins of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Conclusion KXS promoted neurogenesis in hippocampus and regulated Wnt/β-catenin pathway,which might contribute to its antidepressant effect.

Objective Evaluation of the effect and mechanism research of Qi-Shen-Yi-Zhi formula on improving learning and memory ability in mice injected with Aβ1-42 in hippocampus.Methods Alzheimer's disease model mice were constructed by injecting β amyloid peptide 1-42 into hippocampus and treated with water extracts of Qi-Shen-Yi-Zhi formula.The cognitive abilities of mice were assessed using Morris water maze and Y maze tests,which measure learning and memory capabilities.HE staining was used to observe the damage and TUNEL method was used to determine apoptosis of hippocampus.Detection of the expression of oxidative factors,inflammatory factors,and related antioxidant proteins and apoptotic proteins in the hippocampal tissue of a mouse model of dementia.Results Both high-dose and low-dose groups of Qi-Shen-Yi-Zhi formula significantly improved cognitive dysfunction in mice injected with Aβ1-42 in hippocampus,and attenuated the damage and apoptosis of the hippocampus.It also inhibited oxidative stress and downregulated the expressions of inflammatory factors IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-a,increased the expression of antioxidant proteins Nrf2 and HO-1,and regulated the expressions of apoptotic proteins Caspase-9,Caspase-3,Bax and Bcl-2.Conclusion Qi-Shen-Yi-Zhi formula improves the learning and memory abilities of mice injected with Aβ1-42 in hippocampus,which might be related to the attenuation of oxidative stress and neuronal inflammation of hippocampus.

AIM:To elucidate the possible biological mechanism of silica-induced acute lung injury in rats.METHODS:Sixteen Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control and acute silicosis model groups,and instilled intratracheally with 1 mL of normal saline and 50 g/L silica suspension,respectively.After 7 d,the rats were sacrificed for collection of lung tissue and serum.The serum levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were measured by using ELISA.The protein expression levels of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)and gasdermin D(GSDMD)were measured by immunohistochemistry.Bacterial DNA was ex-tracted from the lung tissue for 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to characterize changes in the composition of lung flo-ra.The differences in the structure of bacterial flora between control and model groups were analyzed by bioinformatic analy-ses.RESULTS:Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the protein expression levels of NLRP3 and GSDMD were higher in the lungs of the rats in model group.In addition,serum cytokine profiling showed that IL-1β,IL-18 and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in model group.The most abundant bacterial genera in the lung flora of the rats in model group were Bifidobacterium,Clostridium sensu stricto 1,and Parasutterella.The NLRP3 and GSDMD levels in the lung tissue and IL-1β and TNF-α levels in serum were positively correlated with the abundance of Parasutterella.CONCLU-SION:The alterations in lung flora structure and increased inflammation levels may be the actual biological mechanisms underlying silica-induced acute lung injury.The modulation of lung flora may provide a basis for the prevention and treat-ment of silica-induced acute lung injury.

Objective:To analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in visceral adipose tissue of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on bioinformatics.Methods:The microarray dataset GSE78721 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including visceral fat samples data from 19 T2DM patients and 16 non-diabetic subjects. The analysis of transcriptomic profiling results from tissue samples was conducted, and a comparison between different groups of samples based on gender was performed. The online Xintao Academic Database was utilized for the analysis, employing the "limma" package in R language to filter DEGs. Subsequently, the DEGs were visualized, and Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation along with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were carried out and visualized. Based on the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database, a protein-protein interaction network (PPI) of DEGs was constructed and key differentially expressed genes were identified and visualized using Cytoscape software.Results:Analysis of visceral adipose tissue gene expression profiles revealed 168 DEGs (|log 2FC|≥1, P<0.05). In females, 42 mRNAs were up-regulated, 3 were down-regulated; in males, 105 were up-regulated, 37 were down-regulated, 19 genes were shared by the two groups. GO analysis linked DEGs to insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling and regulation, nutrient response, and leukocyte migration. KEGG analysis implicated extracellular matrix receptor interactions and leukocyte transendothelial migration. The PPI network unveiled 10 key genes, including COL1A1, COL1A2, TGFB3, PCOLCE, TIMP1, COL6A2, COMP, COL14A1, VCAM1 and THY1. Conclusion:Bioinformatics technology can effectively analyze and screen DEGs in visceral adipose tissue of T2DM patients, providing useful clues for further exploring its molecular mechanism and finding therapeutic targets.

Polyorchidism is a rare congenital malformation of the urogenital system, in which a man has three or more testes, and the excess testes are usually located in the scrotum. A case of polyorchidism was reported in this paper. The patient presented with a scrotal mass, and ultrasonography showed an echogenic mass resembling testicular tissue in the right scrotum. A palpable mass in the right lower pole of the testis was found during the operation and completely removed. Pathological examination showed that the nodule parenchyma was seminiferous tubules under the microscope, and the nodule was covered with a white structure, which was considered as polytorchidism. Six months after the operation, the bilateral testis and epididymis were normal.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of biorhythm factors on the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study. Data from patients undergoing heart surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass from June 2018 to December 2019 were collected and divided into 2 groups ( n=125 each) based on the time of anesthesia operation: morning rhythm group (group Ⅰ) and afternoon rhythm group (group Ⅱ). Anesthesia operation was performed from 8: 00 to 12: 00 in group Ⅰ. Anesthesia was performed from 14: 00 to 18: 00 in group Ⅱ. The occurrence of postoperative AKI and other postoperative complications (pulmonary infection, sepsis, cerebral infarction) was recorded. Results:Compared with group Ⅱ, the incidence of postoperative AKI was significantly increased, the relative risk was 3.2 (95% confidence interval 1.31-7.70), and no significant change was found in the incidence of pulmonary infection, sepsis and cerebral infarction in group Ⅰ ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Biorhythm factors affect the development of AKI after cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass, and performing surgeries in the afternoon rather than the morning helps reduce the risk of postoperative AKI.

Objective:To investigate the seroepidemiological status of Toxoplasma gondii among humans, dogs and cats and its influencing factors in three counties of Yunnan Province, and to assess the risk of dogs and cats transmitting Toxoplasma gondii to humans and causing disease and epidemics. Methods:Three pestis foci of demestic rodent in Mile City, Mang City and Lianghe County in Yunnan Province were selected as the investigation areas, and blood samples of humans, dogs and cats from 16 natural villages were collected. Serum IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii were detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the influencing factors were analyzed by logistic regression. Results:A total of 368 human serum samples, 307 dog serum samples, and 12 cat serum samples were tested. The positive rates of serum IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in humans, dogs and cats were 54.62% (201/368), 90.88% (279/307), and 91.67% (11/12), respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of Toxoplasma gondii infection (serum IgG antibodies positive) in humans of Mang City and Lianghe County were 8.20 times ( AOR = 8.20, 95% CI: 4.38 - 15.36) and 2.22 times ( AOR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.24 - 3.97) higher than those in Mile City, respectively, and the risk of Toxoplasma gondii infection (serum IgG antibodies positive) in humans in the age group of 30 - < 40 years old decreased by 57% compared to the age group of 30 years old ( AOR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.19 - 0.98, P < 0.10). The risk of Toxoplasma gondii infection (serum IgG antibodies positive) in dogs of Lianghe County was 89% lower than that in Mile City ( AOR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02 - 0.47). The risk of Toxoplasma gondii infection(serum IgG antibodies positive) in dogs aged 2 years old and older was 2.05 times higher than that in dogs aged younger than 2 years old ( AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 0.91 - 4.64, P < 0.10). Conclusions:The positive rates of serum IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in humans, dogs and cats in the three counties where the three pestis foci of demestic rodent are located in Yunnan Province is relatively high. The risk of Toxoplasma gondii infection (serum IgG antibodies positive) in humans, dogs is related to the region and age. The risk of dogs and cats transmitting Toxoplasma gondii to humans and other animals is relatively high. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring in key regions, carry out health education, and take corresponding health measures.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of Qishen Yizhi formula on improving learning and memory ability in D-galactose subcutaneous injection induced subacute aging mice.METHODS Subacute aging mice model mice were developed by D-galactose subcutaneous injection and then treated with positive drug donepezil(2 mg·kg-1·d-1)and Qishen Yizhi formula water extracts in low(1.33 g·kg-1·d-1)and high dose group(2.67 g·kg-1·d-1).The learning and memory abilities of mice were evaluated using Morris water maze and Y maze tests;HE staining was used to examine hippocampal damage in model mice;TUNEL was used to detect apoptosis of mouse hippocampal tissue;ELISA was used to detect the expression levels of oxidative stress factors and inflammatory fac-tors in the mouse hippocampus tissue;Western blot was used to detect the expression of signaling pathway proteins related to apoptosis,oxidative stress and inflammatory stress in the hippocampus of mice.RESULTS The water extract of Qishen Yizhi formula signifi-cantly shortened the latency and distance of model mice for reaching the platform in the water maze test(P<0.01),and significantly increased the number of crossing the platform(P<0.01);increased the exploration time and number of the Y maze new arm in model mice(P<0.05);inhibited the TUNEL fluorescence expression in the hippocampus of model mice(P<0.01);upregulated the activity of the oxidative stress factor superoxide dismutase(SOD)(P<0.05)and glutathione(GSH)content(P<0.05),and downregulated malondialdehyde(MDA)content(P<0.05);reduced interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)expression levels(P<0.05,P<0.01);decreased the expression of apoptosis signaling pathway proteins Cleaved Caspase-3 and Caspase-3(P<0.05),upregulated the expression of oxidative stress signaling pathway proteins Nrf2 and HO-1(P<0.05),and downregulated the expression of inflammatory stress signaling pathway proteins p-NF-κB and NF-κB(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Qishen Yizhi for-mula can improve the learning and memory ability of subacute aging model mice injected with D-galactose,which may be related to its inhibitory effect on hippocampal oxidative stress and inflammatory stress.

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign tumour in the salivary gland and has high morphological complexity. However, the origin and intratumoral heterogeneity of PA are largely unknown. Here, we constructed a comprehensive atlas of PA at single-cell resolution and showed that PA exhibited five tumour subpopulations, three recapitulating the epithelial states of the normal parotid gland, and two PA-specific epithelial cell (PASE) populations unique to tumours. Then, six subgroups of PASE cells were identified, which varied in epithelium, bone, immune, metabolism, stemness and cell cycle signatures. Moreover, we revealed that CD36⁺ myoepithelial cells were the tumour-initiating cells (TICs) in PA, and were dominated by the PI3K-AKT pathway. Targeting the PI3K-AKT pathway significantly inhibited CD36⁺ myoepithelial cell-derived tumour spheres and the growth of PA organoids. Our results provide new insights into the diversity and origin of PA, offering an important clinical implication for targeting the PI3K-AKT signalling pathway in PA treatment.
Humans ; Adenoma, Pleomorphic/genetics* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Transcriptome ; Myoepithelioma

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of chronic natural killer cell lymphoproliferative disease (CLPD-NK) associated peripheral neuropathy.Methods:The clinical data of 1 case of CLPD-NK associated peripheral neuropathy who was hospitalized in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital on March 17, 2022 were reported. The clinical characteristics, laboratory examinations, nerve biopsy, treatment and prognosis of CLPD-NK associated peripheral neuropathy were summarized in combination with domestic and foreign literature reports.Results:This patient was a 62-year-old woman with progressive weakness and numbness of limbs. Nerve conduction test revealed peripheral nerves injures of limbs. No abnormality was found in a routine biochemistry test of cerebrospinal fluid. Lymphocyte infiltration was found in the nerve bundle of sural nerve with CD56(+), TIA-1(+). After prednisone combined with cyclophosphamide treatment, her weakness and numbness of limbs were relieved, and the white blood cells count decreased. A total of 10 cases of CLPD-NK associated peripheral neuropathy were summarized, including 5 males and 5 females. The median onset age was 64 years. The peripheral blood white cells count was 5.50×10 9/L-24.66×10 9/L, the lymphocytes count was 1.54×10 9/L-32.00×10 9/L, and cerebrospinal fluid protein increased in 3 cases. Biopsy of sural nerve showed NK cell infiltration in all patients. Immunosuppression was the main treatment, and most patients had a good prognosis. Conclusions:CLPD-NK associated peripheral neuropathy is rare. Peripheral nerve biopsy is the important diagnostic method. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are effective for this disease.