Background::Hypothermia therapy has been suggested to attenuate myocardial necrosis; however, the clinical implementation as a valid therapeutic strategy has failed, and new approaches are needed to translate into clinical applications. This study aimed to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a novel selective intracoronary hypothermia (SICH) device in mitigating myocardial reperfusion injury.Methods::This study comprised two phases. The first phase of the SICH was performed in a normal porcine model for 30 minutes ( n = 5) to evaluate its feasibility. The second phase was conducted in a porcine myocardial infarction (MI) model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion which was performed by balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 60 minutes and maintained for 42 days. Pigs in the hypothermia group ( n = 8) received hypothermia intervention onset reperfusion for 30 minutes and controls ( n = 8) received no intervention. All animals were followed for 42 days. Cardiac magnetic resonance analysis (five and 42 days post-MI) and a series of biomarkers/histological studies were performed. Results::The average time to lower temperatures to a steady state was 4.8 ± 0.8 s. SICH had no impact on blood pressure or heart rate and was safely performed without complications by using a 3.9 F catheter. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were lower at 60 min post perfusion in pigs that underwent SICH as compared with the control group. On day 5 post MI/R, edema, intramyocardial hemorrhage, and microvascular obstruction were reduced in the hypothermia group. On day 42 post MI/R, the infarct size, IL-6, CRP, BNP, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were reduced, and the ejection fraction was improved in pigs that underwent SICH.Conclusions::The SICH device safely and effectively reduced the infarct size and improved heart function in a pig model of MI/R. These beneficial effects indicate the clinical potential of SICH for treatment of myocardial reperfusion injury.

In recent years， the increasing scale and scope of public health emergencies have brought serious challenges to China's health emergency system. It is in urgent need to develop the existing health emergency system toward the goal of multi-industry， multi-discipline， multi-professional and multi-regional， while the concept of standardization is essential to achieve this goal. This article describes the construction process of health emergency standardization system by the World Health Organization， the International Organization for Standardization， the United States， and China； analyzes the problems of China's health emergency standardization system by comparing the system between China and the United States， proposes the construction dimensions of China's health emergency standard system， and suggests development strategies targeting the shortcomings of China's health emergency standardization.

Seed cells, biomaterials and growth factors are three important aspects in tissue engineering. Biomaterials mimic extra cellular matrix in vivo, providing a sound environment for cells to grow and attach, so as to maintain cell viability and function. The physicochemical properties and modification molecules of material surface mediate cell behaviors like cell adhesion, proliferation, migration and differentiation, which in turn affect cellular function and tissue regeneration efficacy. Furthermore, the modification molecules of material surface are the direct contact point for cell adhesion and growth. Therefore, the interactions between cells and surface modification molecules are the key to tissue engineering. This review summarizes the effects of surface modification molecules on cell phenotypes and functions.
Biocompatible Materials ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Differentiation ; Extracellular Matrix ; Tissue Engineering

Objective:To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) in children.Methods:The clinical data and follow-up information of 41 pediatric patients with ANE treated in Wuhan Children′s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology from January 2014 to September 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.Results:The 41 patients included 23 males and 18 females with the onset age of (4.4±3.2) years.The main prodromal symptoms were gastrointestinal (20/41 cases, 48.8%) and respiratory infections (19/41 cases, 46.3%). Acute encephalopathy progressed rapidly following the prodromal infection [29 cases (70.7%) ≤2 days], and patients had clinical manifestations of coma (32/41 cases, 78.0%), convulsion (32/41 cases, 78.0%), multiple organ dysfunction (27/41 cases, 65.9%), shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation were rarely occured, and 28 cases (68.3%) were admitted to intensive care unit for treatment.Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed lesion involving thalamus (41/41 cases, 100.0%), periventricular white matter (34/41 cases, 82.9%), brainstem (31/41 cases, 75.6%), basal ganglia (26/41 cases, 63.4%), cerebral cortex and subcortex (20/41 cases, 48.8%) and cerebellum (18/41 cases, 43.9%). The common presentations on the apparent diffusion coefficient mapping of brain MRI were " tricolor pattern" or " bicolor pattern" of the thalamus.During follow-up (≥ 6 months), MRI showed that hemorrhage, cystic degeneration and atrophy changed dynamically with the progression of ANE.All cases were treated with glucocorticoids, 38 cases(92.7%) with intravenous immune globulin.Seven cases (17.1%) were died and the 34 survivors had different degrees of neurological dysfunction.Conclusions:ANE in children is a distinctive type of clinicoradiologic syndrome with rapid progression and various presentations.Brain MRI has typical imaging characteristics and dynamically indicates the progression of this disease.The treatment options are still limited, the prognosis is poor and the survivors are often with neurological dysfunction.

Objective:To explore the clinical features of three early-onset infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) patients with variations in phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PACS2) gene and to review related literature.Methods:The clinical data and genetic features of three early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 66 (EIEE66) patients with a PACS2 gene variant diagnosed by the Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children′s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, from January 2019 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. A literature search with "PACS2 gene" "PACS2" "epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 66" and"early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 66" as key words was conducted at PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform (up to July 2020). Case reports of patients with PACS2 gene variants and related clinical data were chosen and reviewed.Results:Case 1, a girl aged 2 years and 2 months was hospitalized because of repetitive seizures within more than two years and 6 convulsions within 2 days due to fever. The seizures occurred at the age of 7 days, characterized by focal seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Sometimes, the frequency of seizures increased with high fever. Regular treatment had not been implemented in the early stage, later seizures were controlled by valproic acid treatment. Case 2, a female 5 months of age, was admitted due to recurrent convulsions in nearly five months. Focal seizures occured at the age of 5 days. And the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed abnormal cerebellar hemispheres and cerebellar vermis, as well as cerebellar dysplasia. Several antiepileptic drugs and ketogenic diet were ineffective in the early months, and later seizures were controlled with the treatment with levetiracetam and valproic acid. Case 3, a five-month-old girl, was admitted because of recurrent convulsions for nearly five months. At the age of 3 days, she had tonic seizures, and showed good response to levetiracetam and valproic acid. All the three cases were accompanied by development delay and dysmorphic facial appearance, and got seizure-free with the treatment with valproic acid. All copy-number variant analysis and trio whole exome sequencing revealed a recurrent heterozygous missense variant (c.625G>A) in PACS2 gene. No related reports were found in Chinese journals, while 4 reports were found in English literature, describing 17 patients in total. With these 3 patients included, 20 cases had only two missense PACS2 gene variants, in whom 19 cases carried the variant c. 625G>A (p.Glu209Lys) and 1 case carried the variant c. 631G>A (p.Glu211Lys). Epilepsy was the first reported symptom in all patients, and 17 cases had seizures during the first week of life. Out of the various seizure types observed, focal seizures were the predominant types (13 cases), whereas tonic, clonic, tonic-clonic seizures and non-motor seizures (such as facial flushing) were also reported. Almost all patients showed facial dysmorphism and developmental delay to different degrees. Total of 16 patients had abnormal brain MRI recordings, and 13 cases had cerebellar hypoplasia. More specifically, 7 cases showed inferior vermian hypoplasia, and 3 cases showed hypothalamic fusion anomaly. The treatment was mainly aimed to control the symptoms. And the recommended effective treatment for epilepsy has not been reported yet.Conclusions:PACS2-related early infantile epileptic encephalopathy is an autosomal dominant disease, characterized by seizure onset within the first week of life in most cases, dysmorphic facial appearance, and various degrees of developmental retardation. Treatment with valproic acid showed good effect.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of gallbladder cancer (GBC) patients in China.Methods:This retrospective multicenter cohort study enrolled 3 528 consecutive GBC patients diagnosed between January 2010 to December 2017 in 15 hospitals from 10 provinces. There were 1 345 (38.12%) males and 2 183 (61.88%) females.The age of diagnosis was (63.7±10.8) years old (range: 26 to 99 years old) .There were 213 patients (6.04%) in stage 0 to Ⅰ, whereas 1 059 (30.02%) in stage Ⅱ to Ⅲ, 1 874 (53.12%) in stage Ⅳ, and 382 (10.83%) unavailable. Surgery was performed on 2 255 patients (63.92%) . Three hundred and thirty-six patients received chemotherapy or radiotherapy (9.52%; of which 172 were palliative); 1 101 (31.21%) received only supportive treatment.The patient source, treatment and surgery, pathology, concomitant gallstone, and prognosis were analyzed.Results:Among the 3 528 GBC patients, 959 (27.18%) were from East China, 603 (17.09%) from East-North China, 1 533 (43.45%) from Central China, and 433(12.27%) from West China. Among the 1 578 resectable tumor, 665 (42.14%) underwent radical surgery, 913 (57.86%) underwent surgery that failed to follow the guidelines.Eight hundred and ninety-one (56.46%) patients were diagnosed before surgery, 254 (16.10%) during surgery, and 381 (24.14%) after surgery (time point of diagnosis couldn′t be determined in 52 patients) .Among the 1 578 patients with resectable tumor, 759 (48.10%) had concomitant gallstone.Among the 665 patients underwent radical surgery, 69 (10.4%) showed positive resection margin, 510 (76.7%) showed negative resection margin, and 86 (12.9%) unreported margin status.The 5-year overall survival rate (5yOS) for the 3 528-patient cohort was 23.0%.The 5yOS for patients with resectable tumor was 39.6%, for patients with stage ⅣB tumor without surgery was 5.4%, and for patients with stage ⅣB tumor underwent palliative surgery was 4.7%.Conclusions:More than half GBC patients in China are diagnosed in stage Ⅳ.Curative intent surgery is valuable in improving prognosis of resectable GBC.The treatment of GBC needs further standardization.Effective comprehensive treatment for GBC is in urgent need.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of gallbladder cancer (GBC) patients in China.Methods:This retrospective multicenter cohort study enrolled 3 528 consecutive GBC patients diagnosed between January 2010 to December 2017 in 15 hospitals from 10 provinces. There were 1 345 (38.12%) males and 2 183 (61.88%) females.The age of diagnosis was (63.7±10.8) years old (range: 26 to 99 years old) .There were 213 patients (6.04%) in stage 0 to Ⅰ, whereas 1 059 (30.02%) in stage Ⅱ to Ⅲ, 1 874 (53.12%) in stage Ⅳ, and 382 (10.83%) unavailable. Surgery was performed on 2 255 patients (63.92%) . Three hundred and thirty-six patients received chemotherapy or radiotherapy (9.52%; of which 172 were palliative); 1 101 (31.21%) received only supportive treatment.The patient source, treatment and surgery, pathology, concomitant gallstone, and prognosis were analyzed.Results:Among the 3 528 GBC patients, 959 (27.18%) were from East China, 603 (17.09%) from East-North China, 1 533 (43.45%) from Central China, and 433(12.27%) from West China. Among the 1 578 resectable tumor, 665 (42.14%) underwent radical surgery, 913 (57.86%) underwent surgery that failed to follow the guidelines.Eight hundred and ninety-one (56.46%) patients were diagnosed before surgery, 254 (16.10%) during surgery, and 381 (24.14%) after surgery (time point of diagnosis couldn′t be determined in 52 patients) .Among the 1 578 patients with resectable tumor, 759 (48.10%) had concomitant gallstone.Among the 665 patients underwent radical surgery, 69 (10.4%) showed positive resection margin, 510 (76.7%) showed negative resection margin, and 86 (12.9%) unreported margin status.The 5-year overall survival rate (5yOS) for the 3 528-patient cohort was 23.0%.The 5yOS for patients with resectable tumor was 39.6%, for patients with stage ⅣB tumor without surgery was 5.4%, and for patients with stage ⅣB tumor underwent palliative surgery was 4.7%.Conclusions:More than half GBC patients in China are diagnosed in stage Ⅳ.Curative intent surgery is valuable in improving prognosis of resectable GBC.The treatment of GBC needs further standardization.Effective comprehensive treatment for GBC is in urgent need.

Objective: To investigate the effect of VitalStim electrical stimulation combined with traditional swallowing therapy on severe dysphagia in patients with Parkinson′s disease (PD). Methods: In all, 36 PD patients with severe dysphagia were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, each of 18. Both groups were given the traditional swallowing therapy, while the treatment group was additionally provided with VitalStim electrical stimulation. Before and 15 days after the intervention, both groups were assessed using the modified Mann assessment of swallowing ability (MMASA) and standardized swallowing assessment (SSA). Results: After the intervention the average SSA score of the control group had dropped significantly, but no significant change was observed in their average MMASA score. However, significant improvement was observed in both the average MMASA score and the average SSA score of the treatment group. Moreover, the cure rate of the treatment group was 47.1%, significantly higher than that of the control group. Conclusion VitalStim electrical stimulation combined with traditional swallowing therapy is effective for alleviating severe dysphagia among PD patients. It is worthy of application and further study in clinical practice.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell strategy targeting CD19 (CART19) has prominent anti-tumor effect for relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas. CART19-associated complications have been gradually recognized, however, late-onset complications have not been extensively studied. Herein, for the first time we report a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patient with terminal ileum involvement obtained rapid remission and developed spontaneous terminal ileal perforation 38 days following CART19 infusion. The late-onset perforation reminds us that, for the safety of CART treatment, more cautions are warranted for the management of delayed GI complications.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Humans ; Ileum ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Receptors, Antigen* ; T-Lymphocytes*

Objective To explore the effectiveness and compliance of ketogenic-diet(KD) treatment for infantile spasm(IS).Methods Ninety-eight IS patients who were treated with KD in Wuhan Children's Hospital from March 2009 to June 2015 were analyzed by using retrospective case-control study,the patients were divided into 4 groups:newly diagnosed IS patients group (group A,including 24 patients),one antiepileptic drug (AEDs) failure IS patients (group B,including 28 patients),two and more AEDs failure IS patients (group C,including 29 patients),and two or more AEDs combined with ACTH failure IS patients(group D,including 17 patients).The spasm-free andretention rates after 3,6 and 12 months KD treatment were compared among these groups.Results Overall retention rate was 80.6％ (79/98 cases),69.4％ (68/98 cases),and 42.9％ (42/98 cases)at 3,6,12 months,respectively.The 3-month retention rate in group A,B,C and D was 83.3 ％ (20/24 cases),78.6％ (22/28 cases),82.7％ (24/29 cases) and 76.4％ (13/17 cases) respectively,and there was no significant difference among these groups (P ＞ 0.05).The 6-month retention rates in each group was 75.0％ (18/24 cases),67.9％ (19/28 cases),68.8％ (20/29 cases) and 65.0％ (11/17 cases) in sequence,and there was also no significant difference among these groups(P ＞0.05).The 12-month retention rate was 54.2％ (13/24 cases),21.4％ (6/28 cases),48.3％ (14/29 cases) and 52.9％ (9/17 cases) in group A,B,C and D in sequence,the 12-month retention rate of group B was significantly lower than that of other 3 groups,and the differences were statistically significant(x2 =5.973,4.508,4.727,all P ＜ 0.05),and there was no significant difference among the A,C,D groups (all P ＞ 0.05).The spasm-free rate at 3,6,12 months of KD treatment was 19.4％ (19/98 cases),20.4％ (20/98 cases),30.6％ (30/98 cases).The 3-month spasm-free rate in A,B,C,D groups were as follow:41.7％ (10/24 cases),14.3％ (4/28 cases),10.3％ (3/29 cases),11.8％ (2/17 cases),respectively.The 3-month spasm-free rate in group A was significantly higher than that of other 3 groups,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =10.238,9.219,6.697,all P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference among the B,C,D groups (all P ＞ 0.05).The 6-month spasm-free rates were 41.7％ (10/24 cases),14.3％ (4/28 cases),13.8％ (4/29 cases),and 11.8％ (2/17 cases) in group A,B,C and D in order,and the spasm-free rate in group A was significantly higher than that of other 3 groups,and the differences were statistically significant(x2 =4.924,5.249,4.298,all P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference among the A,C,D groups (all P ＞ 0.05).The 12-month spasm-free rates were 54.2％ (13/24 cases),21.4％ (6/28 cases),24.1％ (7/29 cases),and 23.5 ％ (4/17 cases) in group A,B,C and D,and the spasm-free rate in group A was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups,and the differences were statistically significant(x2 =8.354,7.923,4.364,all P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference among the A,C,D groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The spasm-free rate of KD therapy for newly-diagnosed IS is higher than that of IS patients whose drug-therapy failed.KD therapy may be the top priority for IS patients and part of those patients whose drug-therapy failed can still get seizure-free with KD diet.