Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of liver cancer in Hengshui City. Methods From January 2016 to January 2020, 1 058 patients with liver cancer in Hengshui City were selected as the observation group, and 857 healthy people were selected as the control group. Results Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was positive in 630 cases (59.55%) and hepatitis C antibody (HCV-Ab) was positive in 100 cases (9.45%) in 1 058 patients with liver malignancies.The proportion of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, family history of malignant tumor, smoking, drinking and pickled food ≥ 1 time / month in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (χ²: 338.320, 27.748, 79.421, 290.279, 243.861, 88.821, 339.940, P < 0.001) There was no significant difference between the two groups (t=0.780, P=0.435; χ²=0.182, P=0.669). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that HBV infection, HCV infection, family history of malignant tumor, smoking ,drinking and consumption of pickled food were independent risk factors for liver cancer [OR(95%CI): 3.174 (1.533-8.638), 3.370(1.625-8.912), 4.058(2.317-13.460), 2.325(1.318-3.271), 2.469(1.446-3.865), P<0.05]. Conclusion HBV chronic infection, HCV chronic infection, family history of malignant tumor, smoking ,drinking and eating pickled food are the risk factors of liver malignant tumor in Hengshui City. Strengthen the vaccination of HBV and HCV blank population; do effective antiviral treatment for the infected population; cultivate good living habits; have a family history of malignant tumor should be regularly checked for prevention and control.