Autoimmune pancreatitis is a special type of chronic pancreatitis that can lead to abnormal pancreatic exocrine function in patients. Autoimmune pancreatitis comorbid with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency has a complex pathogenesis， and there is limited research on this topic， leading to the lack of understanding of such patients in clinical practice. This article introduces the epidemiology of autoimmune pancreatitis， briefly describes the pathogenesis of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency caused by autoimmune pancreatitis， and summarizes the various detection methods for pancreatic exocrine function， nutritional assessments， lifestyle management， and drug therapy， in order to strengthen the understanding of autoimmune pancreatitis comorbid with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency.

Access to the clinical application of medical technology is one of the core institutional contents of medical quality management， involving medical quality assurance， the achievement of patient safety goals， and medical service satisfaction. Medical technology is only permitted for clinical use after its safety and effectiveness have been verified through clinical research， as well as evaluated and reviewed by the medical technology clinical application management committee and ethics committee of this medical and health institution. Based on the relevant laws， regulations， and ethical principles， combined with the experience of ethical review in the clinical application of medical technology from some medical and health institutions， a thematic discussion was held to formulate ethical review guidelines for the clinical application of medical technology for references. These guidelines elaborated on the management system for access to the clinical application of medical technology in medical and health institutions， the system of ethics committees and the requirements of review norms， technical plans and their review points， key points for the implementation of informed consent， technical teams and conditions， and other aspects.

At the end of 2020, the FDA issued emergency use authorization for two mRNA vaccines（BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273）, which had provided important support in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The great success of these COVID-19 vaccines based on non-viral vectors has promoted the research and application of mRNA vaccines in the treatment of diseases such as tumors. Compared with virus-based delivery systems, non-viral carriers have significant advantages in biological safety and versatility. Therefore, non-viral vectors have become a research hotshot for mRNA tumor vaccines. In this paper, the latest research progress on lipid nanoparticles, polymers, peptides and inorganic materials were introduced. In addition, recent clinical trials of mRNA tumor vaccines were reviewed and the challenges and prospects of non-viral vectors in clinical transformation of mRNA tumor vaccines were discussed.

Objective: To explore the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of granulomatous cheilitis complications after treatment in patients with upper lip venous malformations, as well as to provide a reference for their clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: This report provides details on the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of a case of granulomatous cheilitis after the treatment of upper lip venous malformation, and then analyzes granulomatous cheilitis alongside the related literature. The patient, a 30-year old male, was first seen in the dermatology department of another hospital with bright red spots on his lips, diagnosed with allergic dermatitis and received symptomatic treatment, and the erythema did not improve. He was diagnosed with ‘cavernous hemangioma’ and was treated with polydocanol and bleomycin injections. The bright red spots on his lips improved, but the swelling worsened for more than half a year. He then sought treatment at the oral mucosal department of our hospital. At the time of consultation, the swelling of the upper lip and perilabial skin was obvious, and there was a red patch on the right side of the upper lip, that was congested with blood. The upper lip was tough, with hard nodules, unclear borders, and poor mobility. Pathological examination showed epithelial hyperplasia of the upper lip mucosa, surface hyperkeratosis, subepithelial fibrous tissue hyperplasia, and chronic inflammation of the mucosa and minor salivary glands. Focal histiocyte, lymphocyte, and plasma cell infiltration was seen in the submucosal layer, with granulomatous inflammatory manifestations. Based on the patient's medical history, clinical manifestations, and histopathological manifestations, the diagnosis of granulomatous cheilitis was made. Tretinoin 0.3 mL (40 mg/mL, 1 mL/vial) was injected into the deep layer of the mucosa of the right and left upper lips for local block treatment. Prednisone acetate tablets (10 mg/Qd) were taken orally, and after 1 week of follow-up, the symptoms improved, so the original treatment was continued. After 2 weeks of follow-up, the swelling of the lips improved significantly, and the oral prednisone acetate tablets were adjusted to 5 mg/Qd. After 4 weeks of follow-up, the shape of the lips was largely back to normal, and the color and suppleness of the lips had improved significantly. The local block treatment and oral medication were stopped, and the patient was instructed to apply the topical tretinoin ointment Bid on the upper lip. Results: The patient had a follow-up visit 8 weeks later, at which their lip color, shape, and texture remained normal, and the patient was instructed to stop the medication and follow up. A review of the literature suggests that the etiology of granulomatous cheilitis is unknown and that it is associated with genetic predisposition, odontogenic infections, allergic factors, microbial infections, and immunological factors. It needs to be clinically differentiated from diseases such as lip venous malformations, lip angioneurotic oedema, Crohn's disease, and tuberculosis. At present, the clinical treatment of granulomatous cheilitis is still based on local glucocorticoid block therapy or a combination of oral glucocorticoid drugs. In this case, the area of erythema on the lips decreased in size, but swelling occurred and continued to worsen after polydocanol and bleomycin injection treatment. Pre-existing venous malformation should be considered as a complication associated with injectable drugs that can produce granulomatous cheilitis. Conclusion The injection-based treatment of lip venous malformation may be complicated by granulomatous cheilitis, and in the process of clinical diagnosis and treatment, it is necessary to be aware to the existence of drug-related factors in the occurrence and development of granulomatous diseases.

[Objective] To analyze the effects of different factors and red blood cell transfusion thresholds on the efficacy of neonatal red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, in order to provide more references for neonatal transfusions to better achieve rational and effective blood use. [Methods] A retrospective collection of data from 282 neonates who received RBC transfusions at our hospital from 2022 to 2023 was conducted, including birth weight, gestational age, number of blood transfusions, length of hospital stay, assisted ventilation during RBC transfusion, and laboratory test results before and after transfusion. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis to comprehensively analyze the impact of different factors on the efficacy of RBC transfusion in neonates. [Results] The results showed that the gestational age and weight of newborns at birth were negatively correlated with their length of hospital stay and the number of RBC transfusions during hospitalization. Newborns with younger gestational age and lower weight had longer hospital stays and more RBC transfusions during hospitalization. After administering RBCs according to the standard of 15 mL/kg, there was a statistically significant difference in the efficacy of RBC transfusion at different transfusion thresholds. In non-critical situations, RBC transfusions were ineffective when the pre-transfusion hemoglobin (Hb) level was >120 g/L. When the pre-transfusion Hb level was ≤70 g/L, RBC transfusions achieved higher efficacy in both critical and non-critical situations. [Conclusion] In critical situations, the group with pre-transfusion Hb values ≤ 70 g/L has the best RBC transfusion effect, while in non-critical situations, the group with pre-transfusion Hb levels between 81 and 90 g/L has the best RBC transfusion effect. Overall, the efficacy of RBC transfusion in non-critical situations is higher than that in critical situations.

As a neglected tropical disease, schistosomiasis remains a major public health challenge in underdeveloped areas, notably Africa. Currently, the national schistosomiasis control programmes in Africa mainly depend on foreign aids; however, conventional international aid models have multiple limitations. To enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of global schistosomiasis control programmes, this article proposes a trinity collaboration model based on international rules, China’s experiences and local needs, which is explained with China aid project of schistosomiasis control in Zanzibar as an example. Based on the successful experiences from the national schistosomiasis control programme in China, this model emphasizes the compliance with World Health Organization guidelines and fully considers local actual needs to promote the effectiveness and sustainability of the schistosomiasis control programme through integrating international resources and promoting China’s experience to meet local needs. The successful practice of the China aid project of schistosomiasis control in Zanzibar provides strong evidence that the model is of great theoretical significance and practical value to improve the efficiency of multilateral collaboration and promote global health governance.

Objective: To investigate the sleep quality in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and its influencing factors, providing a basis for developing sleep intervention measures to reduce the impact of BMS symptoms. Methods: This study was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from patients. A total of 150 patients with BMS and 150 healthy volunteers were enrolled as subjects in this study. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was used to assess the sleep quality of patients with BMS. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess the degree of oral mucosal pain, generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) was used to assess the frequency of anxiety symptoms, and the patient health questionnaire depression questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess the frequency of depression symptoms. Univariate analysis was performed to identify potential influencing factors affecting sleep quality in patients with BMS, and multiple linear regression analysis was employed to determine independent risk factors. Results: The PSQI score for patients with BMS was 7.61 ± 4.29, which was significantly higher than that of healthy controls (P = 0.016). In the PSQI subscale analysis, patients with BMS exhibited increased sleep latency, decreased sleep duration, and lower sleep efficiency compared to healthy controls (P<0.05). Patients with BMS and comorbid sleep difficulties had significantly higher scores on GAD-7 and PHQ-9 compared to the patients with BMS without sleep difficulties (P<0.001), but there was no significant difference in pain VAS scores between the two (P = 0.068). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that longer disease duration (>6 months), the presence of systemic concomitant symptoms (such as headache and mental stress), and higher depression scores were identified as independent risk factors affecting sleep quality in patients with BMS. Conclusion For patients with BMS, long course of illness, presence of headaches, high mental stress, and depressive symptoms may be independent factors affecting their sleep quality.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Zhuyuwan in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. MethodsIn this study， hyperlipidemia patients treated in the Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） from September 2022 to December 2023 were randomly assigned into a control group and an observation group. Finally， 162 valid cases were included， encompassing 74 cases in the control group and 88 cases in the observation group. The control group was treated with atorvastatin calcium tablets， and the observation group with atorvastatin calcium tablets + Zhuyuwan extract granules. Both groups were treated for 8 weeks. The efficacy in terms of blood lipid level recovery， blood lipid levels， TCM syndrome distribution， efficacy in terms of TCM syndrome， and TCM symptom scores were compared between the two groups as well as between before and after treatment. Liver and kidney functions were monitored for safety assessment. ResultsIn terms of blood lipid level recovery， the total response rate in the observation group was 86.36% （76/88） and that in the control group was 86.49% （64/74）， with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. After treatment， both groups showed declines in levels of triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） （P<0.05） and elevations in the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） （P<0.05）. Moreover， the observation group outperformed the control group in recovering the levels of TG， LDL-C， and HDL-C （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In terms of TCM syndrome， hyperlipidemia was mostly caused by phlegm turbidity and obstruction. The total response rate in terms of TCM syndrome in the observation group was 87.30% （55/63）， which was higher than that （63.46%， 33/52） in the control group （χ²=9.102， P<0.01）. After treatment， the scores of total TCM symptoms， primary symptoms， and secondary symptoms decreased in both groups （P<0.05）， and the observation group had lower scores than the control group （P<0.01）. The observation group was superior to the control group in alleviating obesity， chest tightness， and low food intake （P<0.05）. In terms of safety， the level of aminotransferase was slightly elevated in the control group， and no obvious adverse reaction was observed in the observation group， with no statistical significance in the incidence of adverse reactions. ConclusionZhuyuwan combined with atorvastatin can not only recover blood lipid levels and alleviate TCM symptoms but also reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Zhuyuwan in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. MethodsIn this study， hyperlipidemia patients treated in the Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） from September 2022 to December 2023 were randomly assigned into a control group and an observation group. Finally， 162 valid cases were included， encompassing 74 cases in the control group and 88 cases in the observation group. The control group was treated with atorvastatin calcium tablets， and the observation group with atorvastatin calcium tablets + Zhuyuwan extract granules. Both groups were treated for 8 weeks. The efficacy in terms of blood lipid level recovery， blood lipid levels， TCM syndrome distribution， efficacy in terms of TCM syndrome， and TCM symptom scores were compared between the two groups as well as between before and after treatment. Liver and kidney functions were monitored for safety assessment. ResultsIn terms of blood lipid level recovery， the total response rate in the observation group was 86.36% （76/88） and that in the control group was 86.49% （64/74）， with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. After treatment， both groups showed declines in levels of triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） （P<0.05） and elevations in the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） （P<0.05）. Moreover， the observation group outperformed the control group in recovering the levels of TG， LDL-C， and HDL-C （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In terms of TCM syndrome， hyperlipidemia was mostly caused by phlegm turbidity and obstruction. The total response rate in terms of TCM syndrome in the observation group was 87.30% （55/63）， which was higher than that （63.46%， 33/52） in the control group （χ²=9.102， P<0.01）. After treatment， the scores of total TCM symptoms， primary symptoms， and secondary symptoms decreased in both groups （P<0.05）， and the observation group had lower scores than the control group （P<0.01）. The observation group was superior to the control group in alleviating obesity， chest tightness， and low food intake （P<0.05）. In terms of safety， the level of aminotransferase was slightly elevated in the control group， and no obvious adverse reaction was observed in the observation group， with no statistical significance in the incidence of adverse reactions. ConclusionZhuyuwan combined with atorvastatin can not only recover blood lipid levels and alleviate TCM symptoms but also reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions.

Schistosomiasis is prevalent in 78 countries and territories worldwide, while the eastern and western parts of sub-Sahara Africa bear the highest disease burden due to schistosomiasis. Recently, climate change, international trade and travel, urbanization and war have increased the risk of cross-boundary importation and transmission of schistosomiasis, and schistosomiasis has increasingly become a public health concern in non-endemic countries and territories. Biomphalaria straminea, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, has colonized in southern China and its habitats continue to move northward. In addition, cross-boundary imported cases of schistosomiasis have been reported occasionally in China. However, the real number of cases may be underestimated greatly due to insufficient diagnostic capacity and weak awareness of case reporting for overseas imported schistosomiasis in healthcare facilities. It is necessary to establish a multi-party collaborative mechanism, improve corresponding systems and technical specifications, reinforce surveillance and early warning, and border management, enhance technical reserves and capability building, and improve the awareness of schistosomiasis prevention and healthcare-seeking among entry-exit personnel, in order to effectively address the threat of cross-boundary imported schistosomiasis.