Objective: To investigate the detection of HIV/AIDS cases in medical institutions in Tianjin Municipality from 2005 to 2021, so as to provide insights into optimization of HIV antibody testing strategies in medical institutions. Methods: All data pertaining to individuals receiving HIV antibody tests in medical institutions in Tianjin Municipality from 2005 to 2021 were collected from the information systems in medical institutions and the HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The positive rate of HIV antibody and epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases in medical institutions were analyzed. Results: The number of HIV antibody tests increased from 86 102 person-times in 2005 to 1 369 345 person-times in 2021 in medical institutions in Tianjin Municipality, with annual increase by 18.88%. The positive rate of HIV antibody increased from 2.44/104 to 2.85/104 (P<0.05), with annual increase by 2.79/104. Both the proportion of the number of HIV antibody tests and the number of HIV/AIDS cases detected by medical institutions in the whole city appeared a tendency towards a rise (P<0.05). A high positive rate of HIV antibody was seen in sexually transmitted disease clinics (53.69/104) and other testing services (12.25/104), and the highest positive rate of HIV antibody was seen in individuals at ages of 20 to 39 years (5.40/104), while the positive rate of HIV antibody was higher in men (5.84/104) than in women (0.53/104) (P<0.05). A total of 3 610 HIV/AIDS cases were detected in medical institutions in Tianjin Municipality from 2005 to 2021, with a median age of 38 (interquartile range, 24) years. Of all HIV/AIDS patients, there were 3 277 men (90.78%), and men who have sex with men was the predominant transmission route (63.46%), while the proportion of late identification of HIV/AIDS cases was 65.60%. In addition, the proportion of timely detection for the first CD4+T lymphocyte count testing increased from 23.81% in 2005 to 71.54% in 2021 (P<0.05). Conclusions The number of HIV antibody tests and positive rate of HIV antibody appeared a tendency towards a rise in medical institutions in Tianjin Municipality from 2005 to 2021. The HIV/AIDS cases were predominantly identified in sexually transmitted disease clinics and other testing services, and were predominantly men.

Objective:To study the effect of Compound Duzhong Jiangu Granules on joint function, quality of life and inflammatory factors in patients with Kashin-Beck disease.Methods:By group design, 135 patients with Kashin-Beck disease in Chongxin County, Pingliang City, Gansu Province, were selected and divided into intervention group (100 cases treated with Compound Duzhong Jiangu Granules, 12 g/bag, 1 bag/time, 3 times/day, treatment for 1 month) and control group (35 cases treated with ibuprofen, 0.3 g/capsule, 1 capsule/time, 2 times/day, treatment for 2 weeks) according to the randomized, single-blind principle. The changes of joint dysfunction index score, joint function improvement rate, total scores of Kashin-Beck disease quality of life (KBDQOL) and scores of each dimension were analyzed before treatment, 1 month and 3 months after treatment. The serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before treatment and 1 month after treatment.Results:The total scores of joint dysfunction index of the intervention group and the control group 1 month after treatment and 3 months after treatment were lower than those before treatment, but 3 months after treatment was higher than 1 month after treatment ( P < 0.001). One month after treatment, the total effective rates of joint function improvement in the intervention group and the control group were 68.00% (68/100) and 54.55% (18/33), respectively; 3 months after treatment, the total effective rates of the intervention group and the control group were 36.00% (36/100) and 39.39%(13/33), respectively. The total scores and scores of each dimension of KBDQOL were not significant for the main effect of the group ( P > 0.05), but significant for the main effect at the time point ( P < 0.05), and there was no interactive effect ( P > 0.05). There were significant differences in the scores of social support and mental status dimensions in the intervention group at different time points ( P < 0.001). And in the intervention group, the total score, the scores of physical function, activity limitation, economy and overall health dimensions were statistically significant between before treatment and 1 month after treatment, 1 month after treatment and 3 months after treatment( P < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference between before treatment and 3 months after treatment ( P > 0.05). One month after treatment, the serum PGE2 levels of both groups were decreased ( P < 0.05), and there was no difference in other inflammatory factors at different groups and time points ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Compound Duzhong Jiangu Granules can effectively inhibit the inflammatory reaction of patients with Kashin-Beck disease, promote the improvement of joint function and improve the quality of life in various aspects.

OBJECTIVE To explore the difference in chemical components of essential oil from medicinal part （rhizome）and non-medicinal parts （fibrous roots ，stems，and leaves ）of Atractylodes chinensis，and to preliminarily evaluate their antibacterial activity in vitro . METHODS The essential oil was extracted from three parts of A. chinensis by steam distillation ，and their chemical components and relative contents were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography -mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The antibacterial activities of essential oil （5 mg/mL） from different parts against Staphylococcus aureus ，S. albus and Bacillus subtilis were determined by paper diffusion method . The correlation between chemical components in essential oil and antibacterial activity was analyzed . RESULTS A total of 60 chemical constituents were identified from the essential oilof rhizome ，fibrous roots ，stems and leaves of A. chinensis， mainly composed of terpenes ，sesquiterpenoids，alcohols and ketones. There were 8 kinds of common components in the essential oil of rhizome ，fibrous root and stem and leaves ，which were elementol ，cadinene，agarospirol，valencian citrine ， caryophyllin，β-sesquidiene，γ-eucalyptol and β-eucalyptol. A total of 26 components were identified from the essential oil of rhizome，of which the relative content of 4-benzaldehyde was the highest （31.56%）；a total of 21 components were identified from the essential oil of fibrous roots ，among which the relative content of β-eucalyptol was the highest （44.39%）；a total of 42 components were identified from the essential oil of stems and leaves ，among which the relative content of β-sesquidiene was the highest（14.83%）. The essential oil from different parts had certain antibacterial effect on S. aureus，S. albus and B. subtilis. The order of antibacterial effect was rhizome ＞fibrous roots ＞stem and leaves ；the relative contents of β-caryophyllene，α-humulene and modhephene were positively correlated with inhibitory effects of essential oil against S. aureus and B. subtilis（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The relative contents of atractylone ，zingiberene and agarospirol were positively correlated with the inhibitory effect of essential oil against B. subtilis（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS There are significant differences in the chemical composition and contents of essential oil from medicinal and non -medicinal parts of A. chinensis，and all of them have antibacterial activity in vitro .

Objective: To learn the effects of Dendrobium officinale flowers on testivular tissue morphology and sperm quality in parent and offspring rats,so as to provide reference for safety evaluation of Dendrobium officinale flowers. Methods: The 40 SD rats was randomly divided into the low-,middle-,high-dose and the control group,given 2.0,4.0,6.4 and 0 g/kgbw Dendrobium officinale flowers,respectively. After three months,the body weight,mass and organ/body coefficients of testis and epididymis of parent （P） and offspring （F1,F2） rats were measured;the number,activity and deformity of sperms were observed under microscope;the changes of testis and epididymis were observed by hematoxylin eosin staining. Results: There were no significantly statistical differences in the body weight,mass and organ/body coefficients of testis and epididymis,sperm quantity,sperm motility rate among four groups of P、F1、F2 male rats （P>0.05）. There were no significantly statistical differences in sperm malformation rate between the high-dose group and the control group （P>0.05）. There was no significant change in testis and epididymis of P,F1 and F2 male rats. Conclusion Dendrobium officinale flowers did not show obviously adverse effects on testivular tissue morphology and sperm quality in parent and offsping rats.

Objective: To learn the toxicity of Dendrobium officinale flowers to pregnant rats ( P, F1 ) and offspring rats ( F1, F2 ) before birth, so as to provide toxicological evidence for the safety assessment. Methods : The rats were divided into four groups with 20 female rats and 10 male each. The rats in three dose groups were fed with Dendrobium officinale flowers at the dose of 2.0, 4.0, 6.4g/kgbw. After two generation, the F1a and F2a rats were fed with basal diet; F1b and F2b rats were fed with Dendrobium officinale flowers. The body weights and total weight gains during the gestation, the conception rates, the pregnancy rates, the birth weights and survival rates of offspring rats were examined. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the body weights and total weight gains during the gestation, the conception rates, and the pregnancy rates in pregnant rats ( P, F1 ) among the four groups ( P>0.05 ). There were also no statistically significant differences in the survival rates and live birth rates in offspring rats (F1, F2) between the dose groups and the control group ( P>0.05 ). Conclusions Dendrobium officinale flowers did not show obviously adverse effects on pregnant rats ( P, F1 ) and offspring rats ( F1, F2 ) before birth.

Objective: To explore the cause and type of pigmentation in the livers and kidneys of rats caused by a compound Chinese medicine preparation. Methods: The experiment consist of low, medium, and high dose groups and a control group, the Sprague-Dawley rats in these groups were orally given 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/kgbw of a compound Chinese medicine preparation of gardenia and distilled water for 30 days, respectively. The body weight, diet, hematology and histopathology of the rats in each group were observed for changes in pigment metabolism. Results: In the first and second weeks of the experiment, the rats in the low, medium, high dose groups and the control group showed no abnormal symptoms or signs. From the third weekend, the urine of the rats in the high dose group turned thick yellow and green, and the stool color became light. During the experiment, no rats died. There were statistically significant differences in body weights and weight gains among these groups ( P<0.05 ) . There were statistically significant differences in total food utilization, direct bilirubin, r-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and liver/body ratios among these groups ( P<0.05 ). Gross examination revealed that the livers and kidneys of rats in the high dose group were dull and green. Microscopic examination revealed changes in dark pigment particles in the livers and kidneys of rats in the high dose group. Histochemical staining confirmed that pigments in the livers and kidneys were bile pigments. Conclusions At a dosage of 4.0 g/kgbw, a compound Chinese medicine preparation of gardenia can lead to bile pigment deposition in the livers and kidneys of rats due to cholestasis.

The newly reported HIV infected cases was collected, and HIV blood samples were detected to identify recent HIV infection in Tianjin during 2008-2015. Factors associated with HIV-1 infection were analyzed by the univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regression. The recent HIV-1 infection proportion of homosexuals increased from 37.70% in 2008 to 83.68% in 2015. Those cases who aged ≤30 years (OR=1.53, 95%CI: 1.30-1.79), in han ethnic group (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.02-1.91), students (OR=1.79, 95%CI: 1.28-2.51) were more likely to be recent infected. The cases who had a high school education (OR=1.28, 95%CI: 1.05-1.56) or collage education (OR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.00-1.50) were more likely to be recent infected than those who had a primary school education. Compared with patients identified by hospitals, the recent HIV infections were more likely to be found through voluntary counseling and testing (VCT), STD outpatients, men who have sex with men (MSM) investigation and unpaid blood donors. Homosexual transmission has become the major route of HIV-1 recent infection in Tianjin.

Objective: To evaluate the safety of a herbal pilatory for external use. Methods : An acute eye irritation test were employed to detect the eye irritation of the herbal pilatory;a skin irritation test,a skin sensitization test and a skin phototoxicity test were employed to detect the dermal toxicity;Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay（Ames test）and chromosome aberration test in CHL cells were employed to detect the effects of the pilatory on gene mutation and chromosome aberration in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Results: When the eyes of rabbits exposed to the pilatory without rinse during the first 24 hours,the conjunctiva showed congestion and edema with the highest score of 2,corneal opacity was observed with the highest score of 1;however,these symptoms returned to normal within 72 hours,with the score reduced to 0. No irritation to the skin of rabits was found after exposed to the pilatory for fourteen days,no skin sensitization was introduced by Buehler test and no skin phototoxicity on guinea pigs was detected. There was no abnormal growth of reverse mutation colonies induced by the pilatory under S9 acitivation or not. There was no statistically significant rise of chromosome aberration rate in the exposed CHL cells compared to the control groups（P>0.05）. Conclusion Under the condition,the herbal pilatory showed mild and reversible irritation to eyes,while no dermal toxicity and genetic toxicity were observed. The safety of the herbal pilatory for external use is acceptable.

Objective: To investigate the incidence and risk factors of catheter-related venous thrombosis (PICC-DVT) after peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in patients with hematologic malignancies, and to analyze the safety of anti-coagulation therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin. Methods: From August 2016 to June 2018, 43 patients with hematologic malignancies received PICC in Baoan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen City were enrolled. The patients were divided into low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulation group (22 cases) and blank control group (21 cases) according to the random number table method. The blood routine, coagulation quadruple, D-dimer, protein C activity, protein S activity, and antithrombin Ⅲ activity before and after catheterization were compared between the two groups. Results: Of the 43 patients, 5 cases (11.62%) occurred PICC-DVT within 1 month after PICC, including 2 cases (9.09%) in the low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulation group, and 3 cases (14.29%) in the blank control group, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.664). No pulmonary embolism occurred in all patients with PICC-DVT. One case in the blank control group developed PICC-DVT and catheter-associated staphylococcus aureus infection, the patient was extubated after anti-infection and thrombolytic therapy, the other patients with PICC-DVT were not extubated, and the thrombus was dissolved after anticoagulant therapy. There were no significant differences in the white blood cell count, platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, D-dimer, protein C activity, protein S activity, and antithrombin Ⅲ activity between the low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulation group and blank control group (all P > 0.05). The anticoagulant index (protein C, protein S or antithrombin Ⅲ activity) was decreased in 5 patients with PICC-DVT, and in 38 non-thrombotic patients, the anticoagulant index was reduced in 16 patients (42.11%), the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.021). Conclusions The incidence of protein C, protein S or antithrombin Ⅲ activity reduction in hematological malignancies patients with PICC-DVT is higher than that in non-thrombotic patients. Low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulant therapy can not reduce the occurrence of PICC-DVT within 1 month after PICC in patients with hematological malignancies, but the treatment is safe and has no relevant bleeding event.

The newly reported HIV infected cases was collected, and HIV blood samples were detected to identify recent HIV infection in Tianjin during 2008-2015. Factors associated with HIV?1 infection were analyzed by the univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regression. The recent HIV?1 infection proportion of homosexuals increased from 37.70% in 2008 to 83.68% in 2015. Those cases who aged ≤30 years ( OR=1.53, 95%CI : 1.30-1.79), in han ethnic group ( OR=1.40, 95%CI : 1.02-1.91), students (OR=1.79, 95%CI: 1.28-2.51) were more likely to be recent infected. The cases who had a high school education ( OR=1.28, 95%CI : 1.05-1.56) or collage education ( OR=1.23, 95%CI : 1.00-1.50) were more likely to be recent infected than those who had a primary school education. Compared with patients identified by hospitals, the recent HIV infections were more likely to be found through voluntary counseling and testing (VCT), STD outpatients, men who have sex with men (MSM) investigation and unpaid blood donors. Homosexual transmission has become the major route of HIV?1 recent infection in Tianjin.