Depression is one of the most common and earliest non-motor symptoms of Parkinson disease(PD)and can significantly increase the burden on PD patients,caregivers,and society.Due to the neglect of non-motor symptoms in clinical diagnosis and treatment and the overlaps between depression and other symptoms of PD,there are serious defi-ciencies in the diagnosis or treatment of depression in PD,and therefore,it is of great significance to identify objective bio-markers for depression in PD and investigate their application value.The development of multimodal magnetic resonance imaging makes it possible to achieve this goal.Multimodal MRI has revealed a wide range of brain lesions in PD with de-pression,with similar pathological changes as primary depression,as well as specific abnormalities in brain structure and function.At present,there is still no exact pathological model for PD with depression,and multimodal MRI has promising application prospects in exploring the pathophysiological mechanisms of PD with depression and identifying the biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring.

Objective: To develop a method for generating three-dimensional (3D) digital models of the periodontal ligament (PDL) using 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) reconstruction and to evaluate the accuracy and agreement of the 3D PDL models in the measurement of periodontal bone loss. Methods: CBCT data collected from four patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion prior to periodontal surgery were reconstructed at three voxel sizes (0.2 mm, 0.25 mm, and 0.3 mm), and 3D tooth and alveolar bone models were generated to obtain digital PDL models for the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. Linear measurements of the alveolar bone crest obtained during periodontal surgery were compared with the digital measurements for assessment of the accuracy of the digital models. The agreement and reliability of the digital PDL models were analyzed using intra- and interexaminer correlation coefficients and Bland–Altman plots. Results: Digital models of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth, PDL, and alveolar bone of the four patients were successfully established. Relative to the intraoperative measurements, linear measurements obtained from the 3D digital models were accurate, and there were no significant differences among different voxel sizes at different sites. High diagnostic coincidence rates were found for the maxillary anterior teeth. The digital models showed high intra- and interexaminer agreement. Conclusions Digital PDL models generated by 3D CBCT reconstruction can provide accurate and useful information regarding the alveolar crest morphology and facilitate reproducible measurements. This could assist clinicians in the evaluation of periodontal prognosis and establishment of an appropriate orthodontic treatment plan.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution classification and clopidogrel-related CYP2C19 gene polymorphism of acute cerebral infarction patients. Methods: A cross-sectional method was used in this study. Patients with acute cerebral infarction were screened and enrolled according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria. TCM constitution were evaluated in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Digital fluorescence hybridization Technology was used to test genotypes of CYP2C19 and Hardy-Weinberg’s equilibrium was used to examine CYP2C19 gene polymorphism of the patients. Binary logistic regression analysis method was used to explore the relationship between TCM constitution types and clopidogrel-related CYP2C19 gene polymorphism in acute cerebral infarction. Results: Among the 100 patients with acute cerebral infarction, 18 belong to Yang-deficiency constitution (18 cases, 18%), 30 Yin-deficiency (30 cases, 30%), 18 belong to Qi-deficiency constitution (18 cases, 18%), 51 belong to phlegm-dampness constitution(51 cases, 51%), 14 belong to damp-heat constitution (14 cases, 14%), 2 belong to special constitution (2 cases, 2%), blood-stasis constitution (27 cases, 27%), Qi stagnation constitution (4 cases, 4%), and normal constitution (11 cases, 11%). The CYP2C19*2 gene polymorphism distribution: CYP2C19*2 (A/A, mutant homozygous) (21 cases, 21%), CYP2C19*2 (A/G, mutant heterozygote) (33 cases, 33%), CYP2C19*2 (G/G) (normal homozygous) (46 cases, 46%). The mutant allele frequency was 0.375. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that compared with A/A genotype, the G/G genotype of CYP2C19*2 in acute cerebral infarction was correlated with phlegm-dampness constitution (OR=5.105, 95% CI: 1.308-19.928, P<0.05) and blood-stasis constitution (OR=12.557, 95% CI: 1.741-90.558, P<0.05). Conclusions The proportion of phlegm-dampness constitution is the highest in patients with acute cerebral infarction. The mutation rate of clopidogrel-related CYP2C19*2 was significantly higher than that of CYP2C19*3 clopidogrel-related CYP2C19*2 gene polymorphism might be related to phlegm-dampness constitution and blood-stasis constitution.

Objective:To explore the possible role of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1), tumor necrosis factor-α receptor Ⅰ (TNFR-Ⅰ), tumor necrosis factor-α receptor Ⅱ (TNFR-Ⅱ) in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris.Methods:15 cases of normal skin and 20 cases of psoriasis vulgaris in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's hospital were enrolled. Immunohistochemical staining techniques were used to detect the expression of ERAP1, TNFR-Ⅰ, TNFR-Ⅱ protein in the two groups. Statistical analysis was then performed to compare the difference in expression between the two groups.Results:⑴ In normal skin , ERAP1 is mainly expressed in the basal layer of the epidermis. In the psoriatic vulgaris lesions, ERAP1 was diffusely positive. The expression of ERAP1 in the psoriatic lesions was stronger than that of normal tissues, with stastically significant difference ( Z=-4.170, P<0.05). ⑵ TNFR-Ⅰ is diffusedly expressed in the normal skin tissues. However, in the epidermis of psoriatic lesions, the expression of TNFR-Ⅰ in the spinous layer was stronger than that of the basal layer (χ 2=17.740, P<0.05). ⑶ In the normal skin, TNFR-Ⅱ was not expressed; in the psoriatic lesions, TNFR-Ⅱ was diffusely expressed in the basal cell layer and acanthosis of the epidermis in varying degrees, and the difference between normal and psoriatic skin was statistically significant (χ 2=17.500, P<0.001). ⑷ The expression of ERAP1 in the epidermis of psoriasis vulgaris was negatively correlated with TNFR-Ⅰ ( rs=-0.662, P=0.001). There was no significant correlation between ERAP1 and TNFR-Ⅱ ( rs=0.343, P=0.139). Conclusions:ERAP1, TNFR-Ⅰ, and TNFR-Ⅱ may play important roles in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris. They may interact with each other to regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of keratinocyte in order to maintain the abnormal proliferation and benign proliferation of psoriasis vulgaris epidermis.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological and molecular biological characteristics of patients with plasma cell tumor.Methods:The data of bone marrow fluid, bone marrow tissue, peripheral blood and urine specimens of 84 patients with plasma cell tumor from January 2016 to October 2018 in Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital were collected. Bone marrow fluid was examined by using bone marrow smear, karyotype analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunophenotyping, and next-generation sequencing (NGS). In addition to the observation of cell morphology, peripheral blood together with urine specimens was also determined by using immune-fixation electrophoresis and free light chain examination. Bone marrow tissue was used to observe the structure and fibrosis of bone marrow, and relevant histochemistry and immunohistochemistry was also performed.Results:Among 84 patients with plasma cell tumor, 2 patients (2.4%) were monoclonal gammopathies of un-determined significance (MGUS), 78 patients (92.8%) were multiple myeloma (MM) (38 cases were IgG Kappa type, 33 cases were IgG Lambda type, 2 cases were IgA Kappa type, 1 case was IgA Lambda type, 3 cases were light chain type, 1 case was non-secretory type), 3 cases (3.6%) were Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM), and 1 case (1.2%) was non-secretory myeloma (NSM). The proportion of abnormal plasma cells detected by bone marrow smear was 0.132-0.676 in 81 patients, and the proportion of abnormal monoclonal plasma cells detected by flow cytometry (FCM) was 1.1%-52.4% in 79 patients. Immunohistochemistry and FCM detection of bone marrow showed positive or weak positive results of CD38 and CD138. Complex karyotype was rare in karyotype analysis. FISH examination showed IGH isolation in 24 patients (28.6%) and gene detection showed 1 case was positive IGH-CCND1 and 1 case was positive IGH-MAF; 1 case of free light chain examination was positive. The positive rate of NGS was lower.Conclusion:Most plasma cell tumors are IgG type, followed by IgA type. Light chain type of plasma cell tumors is rare, and IgM type and non-secretory type are extremely rare. The morphological manifestations of bone marrow smear cytology in different clone types are different.

Objective This study investigated the application value of waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and high risk of T2DM. Methods A total of 7 582 subjects aged 40-75 years were randomly selected and stratified based on the results of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) administered during a standard screening for T2DM in the Shougang community.Three anthropometric indices(WHtR,BMI,and WHR) were compared, with the optimal cutoffs for WHtR, BMI, and WHR identified using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis and the area under the curve(AUC)of ROC,the associations between BMI,WHR,and WHtR and T2DM were analyzed by group: normal glucose tolerance group (n= 3 080), T2DM high-risk group (n= 2 992 cases), and T2DM group(n=1 510).Results Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI,WHR,WHtR,and family history of diabetes were positively correlated with T2DM and high risk of T2DM(P<0.05 and P<0.01,respectively);WHtR was most significant, with odds ratios of 90.409 and 69.285, respectively. WHtR had the greatest AUC under the ROC in men,whereas BMI had the greatest AUC in women.The optimal cutoffs values for the detection of T2DM were 0.51, 25.47 kg/m2, and 0.91 for WHtR, BMI, and WHR in men, respectively, and 0.52, 24.95 kg/m2, and 0.86 for WHtR, BMI, and WHR in women, respectively. WHtR was more efficient than WHR and BMI based on the AUC. The optimal cutoff values for detecting a high risk for T2DM were 0.51,25.30 kg/m2,and 0.91 for WHtR,BMI,and WHR in men and 0.51,24.81 kg/m2,and 0.86 for WHtR, BMI, and WHR in women, respectively. Conclusion Waist-to-height ratio may be a more effective index for diagnosing type 2 diabetes mellitus and identifying individuals at high risk for T2DM than BMI or WHR.

Objective To observe the relationship between Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the sensitivity of PANC1 cells to gemcitabine (GEM),and to analyze the potential mechanism.Methods PANC1 cells were divided into GEM group,lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + GEM group and TLR4-siRNA + GEM group.GEM group was treated by GEM alone.LPS + GEM group was pretreated with 1 mg/L LPS for 4 h and then treated by GEM.TLR4-siRNA + GEM group was transfected with 100 pmol/mL TLR4-siRNA for 4 h and then treated by GEM.The untreated cells were used as the control group.MTT method was used to detect the cell proliferation.Morphological changes and apoptosis rate of the cells were examined by Hoechst33258 staining and flow cytometry,respectively.The protein expression of TLR4,phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) and activated Caspase-3 were detected by Western blot.Results The median inhibition concentration (ICs0) of GEM in the GEM group,LPS + GEM group and TLR4-siRNA + GEM group was (8.9 ± 0.32),(14.21 ±0.95),(3.96 ± 0.27) mg/L,respectively.The IC50 in LPS + GEM group was significantly higher than that in GEM group (P ＜ 0.01),and the IC50 of GEM in TLR4-siRNA + GEM group was significantly lower than that in GEM group (P ＜0.01).Compared with that in GEM group,the cells with typical apoptotic morphological changes were decreased in LPS + GEM group,which was increased in TLR4-siRNA + GEM group.The apoptotic rate in control group,GEM group,LPS + GEM group,TLR4-siRNA + GEM group was (2.1 ± 0.3) ％,(15.1 ± 2.3) ％,(9.8 ± 1.5) ％,(22.9 ± 3.1) ％,respectively.Compared with that in GEM group,the cells apoptotic rate was significantly reduced in LPS + GEM group (P ＜0.01),which was significantly increased in TLR4-siRNA + GEM group (P ＜0.01).TLR4 protein level in the 4 groups was 0.83 ±0.08,0.81 ±0.07,0.85 ±0.07 and 0.16 ±0.03;p-AKT protein level 0.61 ±0.05,0.36 ±0.03,0.73 ± 0.07 and 0.21 ± 0.02;activated Caspase-3 protein level was 0.66 ± 0.05,0.73 ± 0.07,0.45 ± 0.04 and 0.91 ± 0.07,respectively.The expression of TLR4 and p-AKT in TLR4-siRNA + GEM group was significantly lower than that in GEM group (P ＜0.01),while the expression of activated Caspase-3 protein was increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the GEM group,the expression of p-AKT protein in LPS + GEM group was significantly increased (P＜0.01),and the expression of activated Caspase-3 protein was significantly decreased (P＜0.01).Conclusions TLR4 can inhibit the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer PNAC1 cells to GEM,and the mechanism is related to the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway and downregulation of activated Caspase-3.

Background contamination is a major problem in the analysis of organophosphate esters (OPEs). In this study, the possible sources of OPEs pollution were screened and several different ways were applied to minimize the blank contamination. Under the strict quality control measures, the cleanup efficiency of different solid phase extraction (SPE) was investigated for OPEs in different environmental matrices. A method was developed for the detection of 7 OPEs in dust, soil and sediment samples by gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometry ( GC / MS). Target compounds were extracted by hexane:dichloromethane (1 : 1, V/ V) followed by aminopropyl silica gel SPE column cleanup for dust, and target compounds in soil and sediment were Soxhlet extracted and cleanuped by two-step SPE. The results showed that the aminopropyl silica gel SPE column displayed the best purification performance among the three employed columns. Instrumental detection limits among the 7 OPEs ranged from 2. 5 to 25. 8 μg / L, and the method limits of quantification (MLOQs) in dust and soil sample ranged from 1. 4 to 15. 7 ng / g and 0. 3 to 2. 9 ng / g, respectively. The average recoveries of 7 OPEs in different matrices ( dust and soil) at two spiked concentration levels ranged from 67. 9% to 117. 4% . The proposed method was successfully applied to detect OPEs in different environmental matrices collected in Shanghai.

Objective To evaluate the preliminary screening effect of the ESS、SAQLI and QOLOSAHS for OSAHS,and find out the most effective preliminary screening method.Methods The scores of ESS、SAQLI、QOL-OSAHS of the 93 participants were analyzed.The predictive values of the three scales for OSAHS were determined by receiver operator curve and discriminatory analysis.Results The sensitivity and specificity of ESS(ESS≥9 points) were 0.486 and 0.870.The sensitivity and specificity of SAQLI (≤246 points) were 0.914 and 0.522.The sensitivity and specificity of QOL-OSAHS (≤161 points) were 0.886 and 0.522.Conclusions ESS、SAQLI、QOL-OSAHS have moderate predictive value for OSAHS.SAQLI is better to drinker than ESS for diagnosis of OSAHS.

Objective To investigate the role of TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway in inhibited invasion ability of pancreatic cancer cells caused by triptolide (TP).Methods PANC1 cells were divided into parental cells group,TP group,lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group and TP + LPS group.50 ng/ml of TP was added in culture medium in TP group,and 1 μg/ml of LPS was added in culture medium in LPS group,while 50 ng/ml of TP was pretreated for 2 h and 1 μg/ml of LPS was added in culture medium in TP + LPS group.All the ceils were cultured for 24 h.The TLR4 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mRNA and protein expression were evaluated by real-time PCR and Western blot.The NF-kB activity was determined by dual-luciferase reporter assay system.The invasion ability of pancreatic cancer cells was evaluated by transwell invasion chamberassay.Results The TLR4 mRNA expressions in parental cells group,TP group,LPS group and TP + LPS group were 0.41 ± 0.06,0.46 ± 0.10,0.20 ± 0.04,0.25 ± 0.06 ; the TLR4 protein expressions were 0.55 ±0.06,0.55 ±0.06,0.18 ±0.04,0.13 ±0.00; the activities of NF-kB were 13.0 ±3.0,31.6 ±4.3,7.3 ±1.5 and 10.8 ± 2.1,and the numbers of invasion cell were (56.8 ± 8.6),(104.5 ± 12.8),(32.0 ± 5.7) and (46.8 ± 7.0) ; the MMP-9 mRNA expressions were 0.36 ± 0.05,0.58 ± 0.07,0.18 ± 0.03,0.30 ± 0.004 ;the MMP-9 protein expressions were 0.31 ± 0.04,0.53 ± 0.08,0.11 ± 0.02,0.15 ± 0.00.In LPS group,TLR4 mRNA and protein expressions were not statistic significant when compared with those in parental cells group,but the activities of NF-kB,the numbers of invasion cell,MMP 9 mRNA and protein expressions were statistically increased when compared with those in parental cells group (t =8.654,7.593,6.655,4.982,P ＜0.01).TLR4 mRNA and protein expressions,activities of NF-kB,the numbers of invasion cell,MMP 9 mRNA and protein expressions in TP group were significantly lower than those in parental cells group (t =-7.609,-9.948,-4.176,-5.915,-8.179,-9.948,P＜ 0.01).TLR4 mRNA and protein expressions,activities of NF-kB,the numbers of invasion cell,MMP 9 mRNA and protein expressions in TP +LPS group were significantly lower than those in LPS group (t =-4.437,-14.805,-10.506,-9.700,-9.055,-8.932,P＜ 0.01).Conclusions TP can inhibit pancreatic cancer cell invasion,and the mechanism is related to the inhibition of TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway and down-regulation of MMP-9 expression.