BACKGROUND:As a leading technique in the treatment of primary stenosis by posterior spinal endoscopy through unilateral approach and bilateral decompression using single channel endoscopy,the long-term efficacy needs to be further observed.There are few reports on the scope of intraoperative resection and few relevant studies on biomechanics and finite element analysis. OBJECTIVE:A three-dimensional finite element model was established to evaluate the effects of bilateral lumbar canal decompression under a one-hole split endoscope on lumbar range of motion and intradiscal pressure,to provide suggestions for clinical operation and theoretical basis for further clinical research. METHODS:A complete L3-L5 vertebral body model was reconstructed by CT images of nine healthy volunteers,which was used as the preoperative model M1.The simulated surgical resection range of L4-L5 was performed,and 1/4,1/3 and 1/2 of bilateral facet joints were removed respectively to obtain models M2,M3 and M4.The range of motion and the maximum Von Mises stress of the four models were compared in the six directions of forward bending,backward extension,left and right bending,and left and right rotation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The L3-L5 finite element model established in this study was effective,and the range of motion was within the range of previous solid studies under six motion states.(2)Compared with the M1 model,the L4-L5 lumbar spine range of motion increased with the increase of resection range in M2 with M3 and M4 models under forward bending,left and right bending and left and right rotation loading,and the difference was significant(P＜0.05).Under posterior extension loading,there was no significant difference in lumbar range of motion between M1 and M2(P＞0.05),but there was a significant difference of M1,M3 and M4(P＜0.05).(3)The range of motion of the L3-L4 lumbar spine had no significant change with the increase of bilateral facet arthrotomy(P＞0.05).(4)There was a significant difference in the maximum value of L4-L5 Von Mises between M1 and M2(P＜0.05),and there was a significant difference in the maximum value of L4-L5 Von Mises between M1 and M3,M4(P＜0.01),and the maximum value of L4-L5 lumbar von Mises increased with the increasing range of bilateral facet joint resection.Resection of more than 1/3 was particularly obvious.(5)The maximum value of Von Mises in the L3-L4 lumbar spine was increased with the increase of the resection range under forward bending,left and right bending and left and right rotation loading and the difference was significant(P＜0.05).(6)The results exhibited that the L4-L5 lumbar motion and intervertebral disc pressure increased with the increase of the excision range.Intervertebral disc pressure at L3-L4 increased with the increased extent of excision,but the lumbar range of motion was not significantly affected.In conclusion,the stability of the operative segment may be affected by the increase in the scope of facet joint resection.Although the immediate stability of adjacent segments is not affected,it may accelerate disc degeneration.

Human milk is a product of human evolution and is crucial for the early growth and development of infants as well as maternal health. This paper discusses the research and application of human milk science in China, aiming to clarify the research pathways in this field and contribute to the promotion of breastfeeding initiatives and the realization of the Healthy China 2030 goals.

A comprehensive understanding of the nutritional composition and active components of human milk are important for promoting infant health. However, in the design and implementation of scientific research on human milk, the lack of standardized research and implementation methods have led to the collection, storage, and testing processes of human milk samples being largely based on reference literature and practical experience. This has resulted in variability in the representativeness of human milk samples and differences in the comparability of research results between different studies. This article summarizes the principles and guidelines for the " Specification for collection and storage of human milk samples for research", published by the Chinese Nutrition Society on December 30, 2022, and discusses the feasibility and importance of standardized management in the process of scientific research on human milk.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) in Jiangsu province during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in China from December 7, 2022 to January 27, 2023, and to analyze the influencing factors of all-cause death.Methods:It was a multi-center cross-sectional investigation. Structured questionnaire was used to collect patient information by medical staff of each hemodialysis center (room) as investigators. Part of the demography data and laboratory examination data came from the Jiangsu Province Hemodialysis Data Information System. MHD patients from hemodialysis centers (rooms) at all levels of medical institutions and independent hemodialysis institutions in Jiangsu province during the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection were included, and the clinical characteristics and all-cause mortality of confirmed and suspected cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were analyzed.Results:Questionnaire surveys and data analysis on 57 278 patients in 407 hemodialysis centers (rooms) were completed, accounting for 90.41% of the total number of MHD patients (63 357 cases) in Jiangsu province during the same period. There were 24 038 cases (41.97%) of SARS-CoV-2 infection and 14 805 cases (25.85%) of suspected infection, which were widely distributed in all dialysis centers in Jiangsu province. After clinical classification of 38 843 confirmed and suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection cases, 3 662 cases were severe and critical cases, accounting for 9.43% of the infected and suspected cases. Among the patients who had completed the questionnaires, there were 1 812 all-cause deaths, with an all-cause mortality rate of 3.16%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that elderly (taking ≤50 years as a reference, 51-59 years: OR=1.583, 95% CI 1.279-1.933, P=0.001; 60-69 years: OR=3.972, 95% CI 3.271-4.858, P<0.001; 70-79 years: OR=7.236, 95% CI 5.917-8.698, P<0.001; ≥80 years: OR=11.738, 95% CI 9.459-14.663, P<0.001), male ( OR=1.371, 95% CI 1.229-1.529, P<0.001), and co-infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) (positive serum HBV surface antigen, OR=0.629, 95% CI 0.484-0.817, P<0.001) were independent influencing factors for all cause mortality. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for male, age and current HBV infection prediction of all-cause death was 0.529 ( P<0.001), 0.724 ( P<0.001) and 0.514 ( P=0.042), respectively, and the cut-off value for age prediction of all-cause death was 65.5 years old. Compared with patients without HBV infection, MHD patients with HBV infection significantly reduced the proportion of severe and critically ill patients, all-cause hospitalizations and all cause deaths when infected with SARS-CoV-2 (4.99% vs. 6.41%, χ2=6.136, P=0.013; 8.90% vs. 11.44%, χ2=11.662, P<0.001; 2.01% vs. 3.37%, χ2=10.713, P=0.001, respectively). Conclusion:The MHD patients in Jiangsu province are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. Elderly age and male gender are independent risk factors for death in MHD patients during the epidemic, while the HBV infection may be a protective factor for death of MHD patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Purpose: The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) has increased in recent years, and the optimal surgical strategy for AEG remains highly controversial. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction (PG-DT) for the treatment of patients with AEG. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with Siewert type II/III AEG between January 2013 and July 2018. Clinicopathological characteristics, survival, surgical outcomes, quality of life (QOL), and nutritional status were compared between the PG-DT and total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis (TG-RY) groups. Results: After propensity score matching, 33 patients in each group were analyzed. There were no statistical differences between the 2 groups in terms of disease-free survival and overall survival. The surgical option was not an independent prognostic factor based on the multivariate analysis. In addition, no differences were found in terms of surgical complications. There were no significant differences in QOL assessed by the Visick grade, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, or endoscopic findings. Furthermore, the long-term nutritional advantage of the PG-DT group was significantly greater than that of the TG-RY group. Conclusions PG-DT is a safe and effective procedure for patients with local Siewert type II/III AEG, regardless of the TNM stage.

This article is a summary of the Second China Breast Milk Science Conference, which was held in Beijing from August 5 to 7, 2022, with the theme of "Data sharing, method sharing and science sharing". The purpose of the conference is to summarize the latest progress in breast milk research, identify the unresolved issues, and jointly discuss the direction of future breast milk research. Firstly, we summarize the contents and purpose of breast milk scientific research and prospect of breast milk science. The second part focuses on the research status of breast milk composition and its health effects, and puts forward the future research direction. The third section focuses on the health effects of breastfeeding and scientific support and key aspects of breastfeeding promotion actions. The fourth part elaborates the specific methods of current scientific research of breast milk and emphasize the importance of method standardization and the idea of future methodological research. The fifth part consists of the strategy of feeding infants with medical conditions and ways to better promote the growth and development of these infants. The last part introduces the innovation, deficiencies, and future research directions of infant formula production technology in China. This conference demonstrate the importance of multidisciplinary communication, discussions and collaborations in clinical medicine, nutrition, perinatal health, food science, and policy-making in the scientific research of breast milk, and provides guidance for future multidisciplinary research on the physiology of lactation, the composition of breast milk, breastfeeding, and infants and young children nutrition.

Objective: To construct nomogram to predict the risk of bone metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods: The clinical data of NSCLC patients diagnosed in the hospital were retrospectively analyzed, including the occurrence of bone metastasis, age, gender, pathological type, smoking status, PS score, TN stage, metastasis of other sites before bone metastasis, carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) level, alpha fetoprotein(AFP) level, serum calcium(Ca2+), serum phosphorus(P), alkaline phosphatase(ALP) level, which were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) and decision curve analysis were used, DCA was used to verify the accuracy and clinical benefit of the model, and nomogram was used to visualize the model. Results: Area under the ROC curve(AUC) showed that in the modeling group(n=138) and the validation group(n=92), the AUC value predicted by combined indicators(age, gender, pathological type, CEA, ALP)(modeling group=0.792, validation group=0.629) was higher than that predicted by single indicator. Conclusion The prediction model constructed in this study has good effect and can provide reference for clinical screening of high-risk patients with bone metastasis of NSCLC.

Objective:To explore the efficacy of etanercept combined leflunomide to treat ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and its safety.Methods:90 cases with AS patients admitted in our hospital from June 2016 to January 2015 were selected.The patients were divided into observation group and control group by random number table method,45 cases in each group.Observation group was treated with etanercept combined with leflunomide,the control group were treated by leflunomide only.Morning stiffness time,AS activity index (BASDAI),AS measurement index (BASMI) were recorded before and after treatment in two groups,the total effective rate and adverse reaction were compared between the two groups.Results:After treatment,the BASDAI and morning stiffness time,BASMI of two groups of patients compared with before treatment were decreased,and the indexes above of the observation group were significantly lower than the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05);The effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05);During the course of treatment,the main adverse reactions occurred in patients with liver function damage,diarrhea and allergic skin rash,but there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Etanercept combined with leflunomide can obtain ideal effect,and low incidence rate of adverse reaction,it is worth popularizing in clinical use.

Objective To investigate changes in the intraocular pressure(IOP) and anterior chamber angle in patients with chronic renal failure before and after hemodialysis. Methods Fifty?eight patients(116 eyes) with chronic renal failure were measured with Goldmann applanation tonometer and anterior segment optical coherence tomograph. The patients were divided into three groups based on gonioscopy results:the narrow angle group(22 eyes),the Iris neovascular group(3 eyes)and the open angle group(91 eyes). IOP was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometer in patients in the three groups before and after hemodialysis. Anterior chamber angle opening distance (AOD) was detected by anterior segment optical coherence tomograph before and after hemodialysis. The blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,albumin were also determined before and after hemodialysis. All changes in the parameters were analyzed with a paired t test. Results The IOP in narrow angle eyes and in neovascular eyes increased significantly after hemodialysis ,while the IOP in open angle eyes showed no significant changes. The AOD decreased significantly after hemodialysis. The blood urea nitrogen and creatinine decreased significantly in 58 patients,while albumin increased after hemodialysis. Conclusion The IOP in narrow angle eyes and in neovascular eyes increased after hemodialysis ,correlating with the resistance increase of aqueous outflow pathway and the change of plasma osmotic pressure. As a result ,it is recommended that the condition of eye of patients with chronic renal failure should be checked ,and patients should receive appropriate controlling measure or treatment before hemodialysis.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between inflammatory factors and relevant risk factors in patients of essential hypertension (EH) combining acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with its clinical significance. Methods: Our research included 3 groups: EH group, n=79 patients with standard criteria, EH+ACS group, n=85 and Control group, n=48 normal subjects. Blood levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), tryptase (TPS) and relevant clinical, biochemical parameters were measured; risk factors for cardiovascular disease were examined and the relationship between above parameters, risk factors and ACS occurrence in EH patients was studied by Logistic regression analysis. Results: The OR values were all greater than 1 in fibrinogen (Fbg), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), TPS, atherosclerotic plaque, Lp-PLA2 and EH grading. Fbg was the most significant independent risk factor (OR=22.242, 95% CI 6.458-76.609, P<0.0001), the standardized partial regression coefficient b'as absolute value (b') was 1.079 which was the highestone in above 6 variables with the strongest impact for ACS occurrence in EH patients. Conclusion: Fbg, hs-CRP, TPS, atherosclerotic plaque and EH grading were the independent risk factors for ACS occurrence in EH patients; Fbg was the highest risk factor for ACS occurrence with the strongest impact, which provided a new direction for ACS prevention and treatment.