Objective To explore the key nursing cooperation points in single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy based on magnetic anchor technique. Methods The general information of 24 patients with transumbilical single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy based on magnetic anchor technique was analyzed. Combined with the surgical procedure, the key nursing cooperation points of this innovative surgery were analyzed from the perspective of operating room nurses. Results By learning the principles of magnetic anchor technique before surgery, understanding the usage and precautions of the magnetic anchor device, accurately passing the magnetic anchor device during surgery, and avoiding mutual interference between the magnetic anchor device and conventional surgical instruments, the operating room nurses successfully assisted the surgeons in completing 24 cases of transumbilical single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy based on magnetic anchor technique. Conclusion Real-time understanding of the surgeon's operation progress during surgery, accurate delivery of instruments, and avoidance of interference between the magnetic anchor device and conventional surgical instruments are important factors in the nursing cooperation of this surgical procedure.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the optimally designed"I"shaped structure mag-net based on the principle of magnetic compression technique for the preparation of rectovaginal fistula animal model.Methods Using 10 New Zealand female rabbits as the model animals,two self-designed magnets were inserted through the vagina and anus respectively after anesthesia,and the two magnets were adjusted to the appropriate position and made them attraction each other to form a magnet-rectovaginal partition-magnet structure.When the compression tissue between the magnets became ischemic necrosis and fell off,the two magnets formed the"1"shape structure and were located in the stoma of rectovaginal fistula to prevent the stoma from becoming smaller or even closing itself.The operation time and rectovaginal fistula formation time were recorded.The experimental rabbits were killed in postoperative 2 weeks,and the rectovaginal fistula specimens were obtained.The formation of fistula orifice was observed and the size of fistula orifice was meas-ured.Results The animal model of rectovaginal fistula was successfully prepared in all 10 experimental rab-bits.The procedure of intraoperative magnet placement was smooth and the operation time was(1.55±0.65)min.The experimental animals were generally in good condition after surgery,and the fistula orifice was formed on postoperative(4.80±0.75)d.After taking the gross specimen of rectovaginal septum in postopera-tive 2 weeks,the magnet was removed.The fistula orifice of rectovaginal fistula was visible with the diameter of(5.86±0.38)mm.Conclusion The"I"shaped structure magnet designed based on the principle of mag-netic compression technique could be used in the preparation of the rectovaginal fistula animal model.Its oper-ation is simple with high success rate of model preparation and good uniformity in fistula orifice.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF),and to establish a predictive model.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 585 ACLF patients who were admitted to Department of Infectious Diseases,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University,from January 2009 to September 2022,and according to the condition of pulmonary infection after admission,they were divided into infection group with 213 patients and non-infection group with 372 patients.The independent-samples t test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups,and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.The clinical data of these patients were collected.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the risk factors for pulmonary infection in ACLF patients and establish a predictive model,and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted to assess the predictive value of the model.The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to evaluate the degree of fitting of the model,and the ROC curve and the area under the ROC curve(AUC)were used to assess the predictive performance of the model.Results Among the 585 patients with ACLF,213 experienced pulmonary infection,with an infection rate of 36.41%.The multivariate logistic analysis showed that upper gastrointestinal bleeding(odds ratio[OR]=2.463,P=0.047),infection at other sites(OR=2.218,P=0.004),femoral vein catheterization(OR=2.520,P＜0.001),and combined use of two or more antibiotics(OR=2.969,P＜0.001)were risk factors for pulmonary infection in ACLF patients.These factors were included in the risk factor predictive model of Logit(P)=-1.869+0.901×upper gastrointestinal bleeding+0.755×infection at other sites+0.924×femoral vein catheterization+1.088×combined use of two or more antibiotics.The ROC curve analysis showed that the model had a good predictive value(Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2=3.839,P=0.698),with an AUC of 0.753(95%confidence interval:0.700-0.772).Conclusion There is a relatively high incidence rate of pulmonary infection in patients with ACLF,and upper gastrointestinal bleeding,spontaneous peritonitis,femoral vein catheterization,and combined use of two or more antibiotics are related risk factors.The model established based on these factors can effectively predict the onset of pulmonary infection in ACLF patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of malignant tumor-related pyogenic liver abscess (PLA), and to provide a basis for early judgment of disease progression and timely and effective treatment. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 371 patients with PLA who were admitted to the Second Affiliated of Air Force Medical University, from March 2005 to July 2018, among whom 34 patients with malignant tumor-related PLA were enrolled as tumor group, and after matching for time and at a ratio of 1∶2, 70 patients without malignant tumor-related PLA were enrolled as non-tumor group. Clinical features were compared between the two groups. The group t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. Results In the tumor group, there were 22 patients with hepatobiliary tumor (64.7%), 7 patients with gastrointestinal tumor (20.6%), and 5 patients with non-gastrointestinal tumor (14.7%). Compared with the non-tumor group, the tumor group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with a history of abdominal surgery (44.1% vs 7.1%, χ 2 =20.142, P < 0.05), liver cirrhosis (26.5% vs 7.1%, χ 2 =7.338, P < 0.05), or an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ score of > 16 (44.1% vs 15.7%, χ 2 =9.846, P =0.002). Compared with the non-tumor group in terms of laboratory examination, the tumor group had a significantly lower level of albumin [(27.2±5.2) g/L vs (30.8±2.6) g/L, t =-3.131, P =0.002] and a significantly higher level of total bilirubin [54(13~313) μmol/L vs 33(7~96) μmol/L, U =1 816.0, P < 0.001]. Escherichia coli was the main pathogen in the tumor group (23.5%), while Klebsiella pneumonia was the main pathogen in the non-tumor group (23.5%), and compared with the non-tumor group, the tumor group had a significantly higher proportion of patients infected with more than two types of bacteria (11.8% vs 2.8%). Radiological examination showed that the tumor group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with multiple abscesses than the non-tumor group (47.1% vs 24.3%, χ 2 =5.479, P =0.019). Compared with the non-tumor group, the tumor group had a significantly longer mean length of hospital stay ( U =1 728.5, P < 0.001) and a significantly higher treatment failure rate ( P =0.005). Conclusion Patients with malignant tumor-related PLA often have hepatobiliary tumor, with Escherichia coli as the main pathogen. Abscesses at multiple sites are common, and patients tend to have a poor prognosis. Appropriate antibiotics combined with percutaneous drainage should be used in clinical practice, and for the high-risk population, the threshold for surgical intervention can be lowered to reduce mortality.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of the 12-week regimen with sofosbuvir and coblopasvir hydrochloride in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in northwest China. Methods This study enrolled 101 patients with CHC of any genotype who received sofosbuvir (400 mg) combined with coblopasvir hydrochloride (60 mg) for 12 weeks in The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, and Baoji Central Hospital from July 1 to December 31, 2021, among whom 13 had liver cirrhosis and 88 did not have live cirrhosis. Other antiviral drugs such as ribavirin were not added regardless of the presence or absence of liver cirrhosis or the genotype of CHC. Related clinical data ere extracted, including HCV RNA quantification and liver biochemical parameters at baseline, at week 12 of treatment, and at 12 weeks after drug withdrawal. The primary endpoints were sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12) and safety at week 12 of treatment, and the secondary endpoint was the effect of the 12-week treatment on liver biochemical parameters. The non-normally distributed continuous data were expressed as M ( P 25 - P 75 ), and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups. Results A total of 101 patients were included in the analysis, among whom there were 55 male patients (54.5%) and 46 female patients, and the median age was 53 years. Among these patients, 12.8% had liver cirrhosis, 1.0% had liver cancer, 3.0% were treatment-experienced patients, and 3.0% had type 2 diabetes. As for genotype distribution, 8% had CHC genotype 1, 60% had CHC genotype 2, 19% had CHC genotype 3, and 6% had CHC genotype 6, and genotype was not tested for 7% of the patients. After 12 weeks of treatment, all 101 patients had a HCV RNA level of below the lower limit of detection and an SVR12 rate of 100%, with a significant reduction in the serum level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) from baseline to week 12 of treatment ( P < 0.05). Among these patients, 22.7% had concomitant medications such as atorvastatin calcium, aspirin, metformin, nifedipine, bicyclol, and compound glycyrrhizin. The incidence rate of adverse events was 16.8%, and fatigue (12.9%) was the most common adverse event. Conclusion The 12-week treatment with sofosbuvir and coblopasvir hydrochloride can obtain high SVR12 in CHC patients in northwest China and has good antiviral safety, with a significant improvement in abnormal serum ALT at week 12 of treatment.

ObjectiveTo reveal the targets and molecular mechanisms of the action of Qiangxin Decoction （强心汤） for the treatment of chronic heart failure based on the combination of network pharmacology and molecular docking. MethodsThe active ingredients of Qiangxin Decoction were retrieved from TCMSP database， and the targets of chronic heart failure were screened by searching GeneCards， OMIM， TTD， PharmGkb， and DrugBank databases， and the intersections were taken to obtain the intersecting targets of Qiangxin Decoction for the treatment of chronic heart failure. STRING platform was used to construct the protein-protein interaction network （PPI）， Cytoscape 3.8.0 software was used to calculate the network topology to screen the core targets， and R 4.2.3 was used to construct the “active ingredient-target” network by analyzing the GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. AutoDock 1.5.7 was used for molecular docking to predict the binding performance of active ingredients and core targets. ResultsSeventy-five intersecting targets were identified for the treatment of chronic heart failure with Qiangxin Decoction， among which the core targets were estrogen receptor 1 （ESR1， degree value=7）， nuclear receptor coactivator 1 （NCOA1， degree value=8）， glucocorticoid receptor （NR3C1， degree value=7）， and nuclear receptor coactivator 2 （NCOA2， degree value=7）. GO enrichment analysis showed that the top 3 items with the smallest P value in molecular function were G protein-coupled amine receptor activity， postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity， and neurotransmitter receptor activity （P＜0.01）； the top 3 items with the smallest P value in biological process were adenylyl cyclase-activated adrenergic receptor signaling pathway， adrenergic receptor signaling pathway， and adenylyl cyclase-regulated G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway （P＜0.01）； the top 3 items with the smallest P values in cellular composition were components of the postsynaptic membrane， synaptic membrane， and presynaptic membrane （P＜0.01）. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the top 5 key signaling pathways were neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions， calcium signaling pathway， dopaminergic synapses， cocaine addiction， and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase G （cGMP-PKG） signaling pathway. The molecular docking results showed that lignans and isoflavones had lower binding energies and more structural stability with the four core targets （ESR1， NCOA1， NR3C1， NCOA2）. ConclusionThe treatment of chronic heart failure by Qiangxin Decoction was associated with neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions， calcium signaling pathway， dopaminergic synapses， chemoattractant-receptor activation， cGMP-PKG signaling pathway， lipids and atherosclerosis， and cAMP signaling pathway， and lignans and isoflavones may be the core active compounds in its treatment of chronic heart failure.

With various diseases ravaging internationally, the demands for recombinant adenoviral vector (Adv) vaccines have increased dramatically. To meet the demand for Adv vaccine, development of a new cell culture process is an effective strategy. Applying hyperosmotic stress in cells before virus infection could increase the yield of Adv in batch culture mode. Emerging perfusion culture can significantly increase the yield of Adv as well. Therefore, combining the hyperosmotic stress process with perfusion culture is expected to improve the yield of Adv at high cell density. In this study, a shake flask combined with a semi-perfusion culture was used as a scaled-down model for bioreactor perfusion culture. Media with osmotic pressure ranging from 300 to 405 mOsm were used to study the effect of hyperosmotic stress on cell growth and Adv production. The results showed that using a perfusion culture process with a hyperosmotic pressure medium (370 mOsm) during the cell growth phase and an isosmotic pressure medium (300 mOsm) during the virus production phase effectively increased the yield of Adv. This might be due to the increased expression of HSP70 protein during the late phases of virus replication. The Adv titer in a bioreactor with such a process reached 3.2×10¹⁰ IFU/mL, three times higher than that of the traditional perfusion culture process. More importantly, this is the first time that a strategy of combining the hyperosmotic stress process with perfusion culture is applied to the production of Adv in HEK 293 cells. It also reveals the reason why the hyperosmotic stress process increased the yield of Adv, which may facilitate the process optimization of for producing other Adv in HEK 293 cells.
Humans ; HEK293 Cells ; Genetic Vectors/genetics* ; Batch Cell Culture Techniques ; Bioreactors ; Perfusion

Objective:To investigate the dynamic changes of routine laboratory parameters during the course of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and estimate the predictive value for the severity of the disease.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted, which enrolled 394 HFRS patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University (374 cases) and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University (20 cases) from January 2019 to January 2022. The patients were divided into mild (mild and moderate) and severe (severe and critical) groups.The basic information, personal history, past history, treatment, complications and other clinical data of patients were collected and the results of the laboratory examinations in the morning at day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20 and 25 of hospitalization and before discharge were recorded. The dynamic changes of the patients′ routine laboratory indicators and the dynamic predictive values of each indicator for severe condition were analyzed. Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test were used for comparison, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used for predictive value evaluation. Results:The age of 212 patients in the mild group was 38(27, 61) years, and that of 182 patients in the severe group was 49(32, 64) years, the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.24, P=0.025). The incidences of acute pancreatitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, the utilization rates of blood purification and mechanical ventilation in the severe group were 6.0%(11/182), 12.6%(23/182), 19.8%(36/182), 89.6%(163/182) and 22.5%(41/182), respectively, and those in the mild group were 0(0/212), 0(0/212), 0(0/212), 15.6%(33/212) and 0.5%(1/212) respectively, and the differences were all statistically significant ( χ2=13.18, 28.45, 46.15, 214.48 and 50.02, respectively, all P<0.05). The levels of white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count and neutrophil count were all increased rapidly after onset and peaked at days 4 to 6 of illness, with the counts of 14.2(9.7, 20.7)×10 9/L, 4.2(2.3, 6.2)×10 9/L, 1.5 (0.8, 3.3)×10 9/L and 8.3(4.3, 11.4)×10 9/L, respectively. Aspartate aminotransferase peaked (102(66, 178) U/L) within three days after onset and then decreased rapidly, returned to normal level by day 12. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine both increased steadily after onset, peaked at day 9 to 10, with the levels of 13.2(7.7, 19.1) mmol/L and 255.4(122.9, 400.9) μmol/L, respectively. Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen degradation products and D-dimer levels at day 3 after onset were 12.7(12.0, 13.2) s, 38.7(33.5, 51.9) s, 12.6(6.9, 32.0) mg/L and 4.9(2.2, 13.7) mg/L, respectively.Platelet count at day 4, neutrophil count at day 5, creatinine at day 11 and blood urea nitrogen at day 14 after onset had decent predictive values for estimating severity, of which the area under curve (AUC) values were 0.801(95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.727 to 0.875), 0.824(95% CI 0.770 to 0.878), 0.862(95% CI 0.805 to 0.919) and 0.810(95% CI 0.722 to 0.897), respectively. Conclusions:Routine blood count, liver function and coagulation are important reference indicators for early warning of severe disease of HFRS, while with the progress of the disease, renal function indicators are effective in differentiating the severity of the disease. The platelet count at day 4, neutrophil count at day 5, creatinine at day 11 and blood urea nitrogen at day 14 after onset have predictive values for severe HFRS.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Guben Jiedu prescription （GBJ） on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） of lung cancer A549 cells and to explore the mechanism based on phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway. MethodThe GBJ-medicated serum was prepared. Cell viability was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） assay to screen the optimal doses of GBJ-medicated serum for further experiment. A549 cells were classified into normal serum group， low-， medium-， and high-dose GBJ-medicated serum groups （2.5%， 5%， and 10% GBJ-medicated serum）， PI3K/Akt pathway activator SC79 group， and high-dose GBJ-medicated serum + SC79 group. Cell migration ability was measured by wound-healing assay. The protein expression of E-cadherin， N-cadherin， vimentin， Akt， phosphorylated Akt （p-Akt）， glycogen synthase kinase-3β （GSK-3β）， and phosphorylated GSK-3β （p-GSK-3β） was detected by Western blotting， and the mRNA expression of N-cadherin and vimentin by Real-time PCR. ResultCompared with the normal serum， GBJ-medicated serum （2.5%， 5%， 10%， 20%， 40%） decreased the viability of A549 cells （P<0.05）， and 10%， 5%， 2.5% GBJ-medicated serum was respectively selected for the follow-up experiment. The migration ability of cells in the high-， medium-， and low-dose GBJ-medicated serum groups was lower than that in the normal serum group. The expression of N-cadherin mRNA and Vimentin mRNA in A549 cells in the three GBJ-medicated serum groups was significantly lower than that in the normal serum group （P<0.01）. The protein expression of E-cadherin was higher in the high- and medium-dose GBJ-medicated serum groups than in the normal serum group （P<0.01）. The three GBJ-medicated serum groups showed lower protein expression of N-cadherin， vimentin， p-Akt， and p-GSK-3β （P<0.01） and lower expression of p-Akt/Akt， p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β （P<0.05， P<0.01） than normal serum group. Compared with the SC79 group， the high-dose GBJ-medicated serum group demonstrated high protein expression of E-cadherin （P<0.01） and low expression of N-cadherin， vimentin， p-Akt， p-GSK-3β， and p-Akt/Akt， p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β （P<0.01）. Compared with the high-dose GBJ-medicated serum group， high-dose GBJ-medicated serum + SC79 group showed low protein expression of E-cadherin （P<0.01） and high protein expression of N-cadherin， vimentin， p-Akt， p-GSK-3β， p-Akt/Akt， and p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β （P<0.01）. ConclusionGBJ can inhibit the migration and EMT of lung cancer A549 cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is an immunosuppressive cytokine mainly secreted by regulatory T cells and regulatory B cells and is involved in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, tumors, and autoimmune diseases. This article summarizes the immunoregulatory role and mechanism of IL-35 in hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The analysis shows that IL-35 is a "double-edged sword" in HBV-related diseases, and it can not only promote the chronicity of infection and the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma, but also alleviate liver inflammation and inhibit liver fibrosis.