The clinical manifestations and CT findings of 26 patients,who were full-time cooks working in small restaurants,were analyzed retrospectively.The main clinical manifestations were chest congestion,shortness of breath,chest pain,cough and hemoptysis.Lung CT scanning revealed lung carcinoma in 1 case,pulmonary nodules in 16 cases including 2 cancerous nodules confirmed in the followup review,puhnonary bulla in 6 cases,emphysema in 4 cases,fibro-proliferative lesions in 8 cases,interstitial pneumonia in 4 cases and fungal ball in 1 case.Among 26 patients,12 had two or more concurrent intrapulmonary lesions.The results suggest that long-term exposure to cooking oil fume may lead to a series of pulmonary pathological changes,and attention should be paid to the occupational hazards of cooks.

Objective To investigate the necessity of preoperative use of prophylactic antibiotics in percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of lower extremity. Methods A total of 86 patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of lower extremity (101 invalid lower extremities in total) were enrolled in this study. The patients were prospectively and randomly divided into study group (n=41, 51 limbs) and control group (n=45, 50 limbs). The patients in the study group received intravenously prophylactic antibiotics two hours before PTA, while no antibiotic was employed for the patients in the control group. The improvement of symptoms and the occurrence of infection after PTA in the two groups were compared. Results After PTA, fever was seen in 27 patients, including 12 patients of the study group (29.3%) and 15 patients of the control group (33.3%). Elevation of neutrophil count (>70%) was observed in 6 patients (14.7%) of the study group and in 7 patients (15.6%) of the control group, but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Septicemia occurred in one patient in each group, both were aged patients with diabetes. The post-treatment infection rate in the study group and in the control group was 1.96% and 2.00%respectively, the difference between the two groups was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion There is no significant correlation between the use of prophylactic antibiotics and the infections after PTA of lower extremity. Therefore, the clinical value of using prophylactic antibiotics for patients with high risk of infection needs to be verified by further randomized controlled trials.

Objective To evaluate the activation of the visual cortex in patients with primary openangle glaucoma (POAG) and to explore whether the neuronal activity corresponds with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and cup-to-disc (C/D) values.Methods Twenty-five patients and 25 gender-and agematched healthy volunteers were studied.Blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) and three-dimensional brain volume imaging (3 D BRAVO) sequences were obtained using 3 T MR imaging system.A full-screen black-white shift checkerboard was used for visual stimulus during the fMRI experiment and was performed on each eye of all subjects using a visual-acoustical system.All acquired data were postprocessed and analyzed by statistical parametric mapping (SPM).After analysis,individual activated mapping,intra-group mean activated mapping,and inter-group variant mapping were observed.The voxel number,intensity,and Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinate of the activated clusters were recorded.The Xjviewer software was utilized to obtain activated voxel numbers in occipital lobe.A Pearson correlated test was performed to test the correlation between the number of activated voxels and RNFL,C/D and Hodapp-Anderson-Parrish (HAP) clinical stage.Results Intra-group mean activated mappings of both patients and volunteers showed obvious activation in bilateral occipital lobes.As compared with healthy volunteers,the POAG patients exhibited statistically significantly decreased activation in bilateral occipital lobes,left hippocampus,and left cerebellum,along with lower mean RNFL [(71.56 ±21.54) i m versus (111.88 ± 9.96) μm] and higher C/D values (0.71 ± 0.18 versus 0.36 ± 0.08 ; t value was respectively-10.901 and 11.643,P ＜ 0.05).The number of activated voxels in the occipital lobes of POAG patients did not correlate with RNFL,C/D and HAP clinical stage of the corresponding eye (r value was respectively 0.157,-0.113 and-0.242,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions fMRI demonstrated differences in visual cortex activation in POAG patients relative to healthy volunteers,suggesting it might be a promising complementary method for diagnosing glaucoma.However,fMRI findings did not correlate with POAG extent,as measured by RNFL and C/D values.Ophthalmological examination remains to play an important role in the evaluation of open-angle glaucoma.

Objective To investigate the change of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters on extracorticospinal tract and some domain in Parkinson disease (PD), and to explore the relationship between DTI parameters and PD. Methods Ten PD patients with unilateral symptoms and 20 with bilateral symptoms were enrolled in PD group 1 and PD group 2, respectively. Control group included 30 volunteers whose age and sex matched with those of PD group. PD patients and the subjects in control group underwent routine MR plain scan and DTI scan. FA and ADC maps were obtained after postprocessing. FA values and ADC values of ROI (region of interest) were measured. ROI included substantia nigra (SN), red nucleus (NR), globus pallidus (GP), putamen (PUT), caudate nucleus (CN), thalamus, genu of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum, callosal gyrus, white matter of frontal lobe and anterior centra gyrus. All data were analyzed statistically. Results FA value of SN, CN, thalamus and splenium of corpus callosum of PD group degraded obviously compared with that of control group (P<0.05). FA value of PD group 1 was lower than control group and PD group 2 at anterior central gyrus and callosal gyrus (P<0.05). There was no significant difference of FA value among PD groups and control group at other ROI's. There was negative correlation between the changes of FA value at SN and PD grade. No significant difference was found in ADC value among PD group 1, PD group 2 and control group, but there was an increasing tendency of ADC value along with the progress of PD. Conclusion FA values of SN, CN, thalamus and splenium of corpus callosum can offer some important information for the early diagnosis of PD. DTI is useful for the study about PD's pathomechanism and clinical manifestation in vivo.

l 1H-MRS was good for clinical purpose.

Objective To observe diffusion changes of epiphysis of femoral head with ischemia of difference phases by line-scan diffusion weighted imaging(LSDWI),and determine whether LSDWI can provide temporal information and severity about ischemia of epiphysis.Methods lschemia was surgically induced in one hip of each piglet(n=25)and the other hip served as a normal control.Piglets were imaged before surgery and at 3 hours,72 hours and 1,3 and 6 weeks after surgery by using LSDWI.Apparent difrusion coefficients(A DC)in epiphysis of the femoral heads were calculated.Significant difierences in ADC values between ischemia group and control group were found by using paired t-test.After scan at individual time points,5 piglets were sacrificed for histological study each time.Results The ADC value in the ischemic femoral heads f(1.22±0.37)×10-3 mm2/s]decreased significantiy at 3 hours after surgery (t=3.914,P＜0.01),compared to that in control[(1.73±0.33)×10-3mm2/s},and increased at 72 hours[(2.15±0.32)×10-3mm2/s versus(1.70±0.22)×10-3 mm2/s](t=3.348,P＜0.01).Then ADC valne kept increasing until 6 weeks after surgery[(1.61±0.27)×10-3mm2/s in ischemia side vs (1.11±0.45)×10-3mm2/s in the control](t=4.136,P＜0.01).rrhe percentage change of the ADC value significandy increased at 3 hours,72 hours,1 and 3 week(s)after the surgery(P＜0.01),compared to that at the prior neighboring time point.No significant increase in the percentage change of ADC value was found between the 3rd week and the 6th week after the surgery(t=2.29.P＞0.05).Histological examinations revealed abnormal thickening within epiphyseal cartilage,and cartilaginous islands within ossified tissues.Growth disturbante wag found in form of focal growth plate disruption.Conclusions Dynamic changes of ADC values were found with the prolonged ischemia of the femoral head by LSDWI.It could serve as a useful marker for evaluating duration and extent of ischemic epiphyseal disruption.

Objective To investigate the technique and application of nasolacrimal duct imaging using MR hydrography.Methods Eight healthy volunteers(16 lacrimal ducts)and 17 patients affected by primary epiphora(32 lacrimal ducts)underwent MRl with three.dimensional fast recovery fast spin echo (3D-FRFSE)MR dacryocystography(MRD)sequence after sterile saline solution had been instilled into the conjunctival sac.For all patients affected by primary epiphora,FRFSE T2-weighted oblique coronal and axial images were obtained after MRD.All patients(32 lacrimal ducts)underwem lacrimal endoscopy.which served as a standard of reference for confirming MR findings.Results Eight cases of 16 normal lacrimal passages were showed by MR hydrography with administering topical sterile saline solution,which demonstrated the lacrimal sac well and whole course of the nasolacrimal duct.Endoscopic findings confirmed nasolacrimal duct obstruction secondary to chronic non-specific inflammation:the color of the mucosa of the nasolaerimal ducts was grey-red,and the obstructive sinuses were filled with nonelastic grey-white membrane.The accuracy of 3D-FRFSE MRD sequence in diagnosing obstructive level was 78%(25/32). The lacrimal ducts above the obstructive level showed watery hypo-intensity on 3D-FRFSE MRD.and the lacrimal ducts below the obstructive level could not be showed.Abnormal findings were presented in all cases of obstructive nasolacrimal ducts with Axi-FRFSET2 WI and Cor-FRFSET,WI sequences:long T2 fluid signals were seen in the lumens of tlle lacrimal sac and(or)nasolacrimal duct above the obstructive level. equal or slightly long T2 soft-tissue signals were seen in the lumens of the nasolaerimal duct below the obstructive level.and the mucosa of the ducts thickened Conclusion MR imaging performed after the topical administration of sterile saline solution can reveal normal nasolacrimal duct and is feasible in evaluating obstructive nasolacrimal ducts.

Metabolic characteristics of 39 human brain tumor tissues, including 15 astrocytomas, 13 fibroblastic meningiomas and 11 transitional meningiomas from 39 individual patients, have been studied using high resolution magic-angle spinning (HRMAS) 1H NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA). With rich metabolite information, 1H NMR spectra showed that the tumor-tissuc metabonome was dominated by lipids, lactate, myo-inositol, ereatine, choline metabolites such as choline, phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine, amino acids such as alanine, glutamate, glutamine, taurine, N-acetyl-aspartate and glutathione. PCA of the tumor NMR spectra clearly showed metabonomic differences between low-grade astrocytomas and meningiomas whereas such differences were more moderate between fibroblastic and transitional meningiomas. Compared with meningiomas, the low-grade astrocytomas had higher levels of glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine, myo-inositol and creatine but lower levels of alanine, glutamate, glutamine, glutathione and taurine. The N-acetyl-aspartate level was low but detectable in low-grade astrocytomas whereas it was not detectable in meningiomas. It is concluded that tissue metabonomics technology consisting of HRMAS 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis (MVDA) offers a useful tool (1) for distinguishing different types of brain tumors, (2) for providing the metabolic information for human brain tumors, which are potentially useful for understanding biochemistry of tumor progression.

Neural stem cells were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) and tracked by MRI in vitro and in vivo after implantation. Rat neural stem cells were labeled with SPIO combined with PLL by the means of receptor-mediated endocytosis. Prussian blue staining and electron microscopy were conducted to identify the iron particles in these neural stem cells. SPIO-labeled cells were tracked by 4.7T MRI in vivo and in vitro after implantation. The subjects were divided into 5 groups, including 5 x 10(5) labeled cells cultured for one day after labeling, 5 x 10(5) same phase unlabeled cells, cell culture medium with 25 mug Fe/mL SPIO, cell culture medium without SPIO and distilled water. MRI scanning sequences included T(1)WI, T(2)WI and T(2)*WI. R(2) and R(2)* of labeled cells were calculated. The results showed: (1) Neural stem cells could be labeled with SPIO and labeling efficiency was 100%. Prussian blue staining showed numerous blue-stained iron particles in the cytoplasm; (2) The average percentage change of signal intensity of labeled cells on T(1)WI in 4.7T MRI was 24.06%, T2WI 50.66% and T(2)*WI 53.70% respectively; (3) T2 of labeled cells and unlabeled cells in 4.7T MRI was 516 ms and 77 ms respectively, R(2) was 1.94 s(-1) and 12.98 s(-1) respectively, and T(2)* was 109 ms and 22.9 ms, R(2)* was 9.17 s(-1) and 43.67 s(-1) respectively; (4) Remarkable low signal area on T(2)WI and T(2)*WI could exist for nearly 7 weeks and then disappeared gradually in the left brain transplanted with labeled cells, however no signal change in the right brain implanted with unlabeled cells. It was concluded that neural stem cells could be labeled effectively with SPIO. R2 and R(2)* of labeled cells were increased obviously. MRI can be used to track labeled cells in vitro and in vivo.

Neural stem cells were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) and tracked by MRI in vitro and in vivo after implantation. Rat neural stem cells were labeled with SPIO combined with PLL by the means of receptor-mediated endocytosis. Prussian blue staining and electron microscopy were conducted to identify the iron particles in these neural stem cells. SPIO-labeled cells were tracked by 4.7T MRI in vivo and in vitro after implantation. The subjects were divided into 5 groups, including 5× 105 labeled cells cultured for one day after labeling, 5 × 105 same phase unlabeled cells, cell culture medium with 25 μg Fe/mL SPIO, cell culture medium without SPIO and distilled water. MRI scanning sequences included T1WI, T2WI and T2*WI. R2 and R2* of labeled cells were calculated. The results showed: (1) Neural stem cells could be labeled with SPIO and labeling efficiency was 100%. Prussian blue staining showed numerous blue-stained iron particles in the cytoplasm; (2) The average percentage change of signal intensity of labeled cells on T1WI in 4.7T MRI was 24.06%, T2WI 50.66% and T2*WI 53.70% respectively; (3) T2 of labeled cells and unlabeled cells in 4.7T MRI was 516 ms and 77 ms respectively, R2 was 1.94 s-1 and 12.98 s-1 respectively, and T2* was 109 ms and 22.9 ms, R2* was 9.17 s-1 and 43.67 s-1 respectively; (4) Remarkable low signal area on T2WI and T2*WI could exist for nearly 7 weeks and then disappeared gradually in the left brain transplanted with labeled cells, however no signal change in the right brain implanted with unlabeled cells. It was concluded that neural stem cells could be labeled effectively with SPIO. R2 and R2* of labeled cells were increased obviously. MRI can be used to track labeled cells in vitro and in vivo.