OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacological substance basis of Shaoyao gancao decoction for relieving acute and chronic pain. METHODS The antispasmodic effect of Shaoyao gancao decoction， ethyl acetate extract of Shaoyao gancao decoction and its effluent part of macroporous resin and 90% ethanol elution part of macroporous resin （the concentration of 4 drugs was 13.44 g/mL according to crude drug） was observed by in vitro small intestine tension test in rats. The acetic acid writhing test was conducted in mice to evaluate the analgesic effects of macroporous resin efflux site and macroporous resin 90% ethanol elution site （the dosage of 2.4 g/kg according to crude drug）. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL- 1β）， prostaglandin E2 （PGE2） and cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） in serum of mice were detected. The serum prototype and metabolites of mice after intragastric administration of macroporous resin 90% ethanol elution site were identified by high performance liquid chromatogre-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS In vitro experiment showed that 90% ethanol eluting part of macroporous resin represented the best antispasmodic effect， and the inhibitory rate of small intestine tension was significantly higher than macroporous resin efflux site of Shaoyao gancao decoction （P＜0.05） without statistical significance， compared with Shaoyao gancao decoction （P＞0.05）. In the acetic acid writhing experiment， compared with model group， the writhing times of mice in the macroporous resin 90% ethanol elution part group were reduced significantly （P＜0.05）， the writhing latency was prolonged significantly （P＜0.05）， and the levels of COX-2， IL-1β， PGE2 and TNF-α in serum were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. Ten kinds of protoproducts including paeoniflorin and glycyrrhizic acid were identified from serum of mice， and twenty-two kinds of metabolites including hydroxylated glycyrrhizin and glucosylated liquiritin were identified. CONCLUSIONS The effective part of Shaoyao gancao decoction for relieving acute and chronic pain is 90% ethanol elution part prepared by macroporous resin from the ethyl acetate extract. Ten components， including glycyrrhetinic acid and paeoniflorin， may be the basis of its pharmacological substances.

OBJECTIVE To study the structural characteristics of purified polysaccharide isolated from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua and explore its anti-fatigue and intestinal bacteria improvement effects,so as to provide theoretical basis for the development of products using this polysaccharide as functional ingredients.METHODS PMP pre-column derivatization-high performance liquid chromatography,trimethylsilyl ether derivatization-gas chromatography and other methods were used to chemically characterize the pu-rified polysaccharide;the mouse weight-loading swimming test and biochemical indicators were used to evaluate its anti-fatigue effect;16S rRNA intestinal flora sequencing was adopted to study the effect of the purified product in improving intestinal bacteria.RESULTS The obtained polysaccharide was a fructan product and contained small amounts of glucose(Glc),galactose(Gal),arabinose(Ara),mannose(Man),rhamnose(Rha)and galacturonic acid(GalA),which had a relative molecular mass in the range of 0.4-285 kDa,and the molecular weight of the main component was around 3 kDa.Compared with the model group,the high-dose polysaccha-ride group could significantly prolong the exhaustive swimming time of mice(P＜0.01),reduce the levels of BUN and UA in serum and the LA(P＜0.01)and MDA levels(P＜0.05)in muscle tissue,and enhance SOD(P＜0.01),GSH-Px(P＜0.001)and CAT(P＜0.05)levels in liver tissue.Compared with the blank control group,the low-dose polysaccharide group could increase the relative a-bundance of probiotics Eggerthelaceae(g_unclassified_f_Eggerthelaceae)and Weissella(g_Weissella)in the fecal microorganisms of mice(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION The chemical composition of purified polysaccharide isolated from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is determined,and it is proven that the polysaccharide has a good anti-fatigue effect and can promote the growth of probiotics in the intes-tine,which provides a basis for product development using this polysaccharide as a functional ingredient.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment method of peripelvic cysts.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 65 patients with peripelvic cysts admitted to the Department of Urology at Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital from January 2019 to January 2023.The diagnostic value of ultrasound,intravenous urography(IVU),and computed tomography urography(CTU)for peripelvic cysts was compared,and the efficacy of different surgical treatments for peripelvic cysts was further evaluated.Results All 65 patients underwent ultrasound examination,which indicated cystic lesions at the renal hilum.55 patients underwent IVU examination,but no cyst enhancement was found.Among them,7 patients underwent retrograde pyelography due to poor imaging of the affected renal pelvis.All 53 patients who underwent CTU examination,which clearly showed the renal pelvis and cysts.Among the 65 patients,5 did not undergo surgical treatment and were followed up,while 60 underwent surgery.Four patients were considered for radical nephrectomy due to suspected malignancy.56 cases underwent renal cysts decompression surgery,including 11 open surgeries,37 laparoscopic surgeries,and 8 Da Vinci robot-assisted laparoscopic surgeries.The operative time in the open surgery group was significantly shorter than that in the laparoscopic surgery group and robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery group.Compared with the open surgery group and laparoscopic surgery group,the robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery group had less intraoperative blood loss,lower postoperative analgesic use,shorter time to first ambulation after surgery,and shorter hospital stay.Conclusions Ultrasound,IVU,and CTU are commonly used effective diagnostic tools for peripelvic cysts.Ultrasound can be used as a routine examination,while CTU is more accurate and has a higher diagnostic accuracy than IVU for this condition.Compared with open surgery,laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic cyst decompression surgery for peripelvic cysts result in less intraoperative blood loss and faster postoperative recovery.

Objective To analyze risk factors of acute respiratory failure(ARF)in patients with hypertriglyceridemia acute pancreatitis(HTG-AP)and construct a risk prediction model.Methods A total of 222 HTG-AP patients were included in this study and divided into the non-ARF group(176 cases)and the ARF group(46 cases)according to diagnostic guidelines for ARF.Clinical data of the two groups were compared and the predictive factors were screened.These selected factors were then utilized in a multivariate Logistic regression analysis to construct a Logistic regression model.Subsequent evaluation of the model′s predictive ability,accuracy and clinical utility was conducted through ROC,curve analysis,calibration plot examination and decision curve analysis(DCA),respectively.Results Compared with the non-ARF group,the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL)-C and albumin(ALB)were decreased in the ARF group(P＜0.05),while the levels of creatinine(Cr),urea nitrogen(BUN),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and C-reactive protein(CRP)were increased,and the incidence of pleural fluid and ascites was also increased(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that higher levels of Cr and AST,lower levels of ALB,HDL-C and ascites were independent risk factors for HTG-AP complicated ARF(P＜0.05).Based on these results,a column-line prediction model for HTG-AP complicated ARF was established.After internal verification,the area under curve(AUC)of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of the nomogram model was 0.952(95%CI:0.923-0.981),the Youden index was 0.808 and the sensitivity and specificity were 93.33%and 87.43%,respectively.The calibration curve showed that the probability of HTG-AP concurrent ARF predicted by the model was in good agreement with the actual probability.The DCA curve showed that the model had certain clinical value.Conclusion The nomogram prediction model combined could provide a scheme for the clinical prevention of HTG-AP complicated with ARF.

Objective To explore the otherness of orthotopic injection of cell suspensions and transplantation of tumor tissue blocks to establish orthotopic implantation models of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice,and to provide a technical reference for the establishment of an orthotopic implantation model.Methods Healthy KM mice were divided into four groups:group A,direct injection of H22 cells;group B,direct injection of H22 ascitic cells;group C,transplantation of tissues;and group D,direct injection of saline.Activity and weight changes were observed regularly in each group and survival times were recorded.Liver tumor formation,tumor size,abdominal organ adhesion degree,and metastasis were observed in all groups.B-ultrasound imaging was performed,concentrations of alpha fetoprotein(AFP)and abnormal prothrombin(DCP)were detected,and liver histopathological changes were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Results Mice molding operation time in groups A,B,and C were(3.36±0.44)min,(3.30±0.41)min,and(5.68±0.65)min,respectively.After modeling for 25 days,the rates of model formation in groups A,B,and C were all 100.0%.Severe abdominal adhesions occurred in 40.0%of mice in group A and 60.0%in group B,but in no mice in group C or D.Ascites occurred in 40.0%,100.0%,and 0.0%and abdominal wall tumors in 30.0%,60.0%,and 0.0%of mice in groups A,B,and C,respectively,while 40.0%of mice in group B also had liver metastasis.B-ultrasound imaging,detection of serum AFP and DCP levels,and histopathological result showed smooth liver margins,uneven echo and slightly lower echo mass,maintained high AFP and DCP secretion,and large numbers of inflammatory cells and tumor cells in mice in groups A,B,and C.Conclusions At day 25,all three methods can thus be used to establish orthotopic transplantation models of HCC.Among these,inj ection of cell suspensions demonstrated the advantage of simplicity in operation and the presence of multiple metastatic nodules within the liver,compared to transplantation of tumor tissue.Conversely,transplantation of tumor tissue showed the advantage of causing less impact on the abdomen and other organs when compared to inj ection of cell suspensions.

ObjectiveTo screen the preparation technology of Baoyuan chewable tablets and to preliminarily elucidate its anti-fatigue effect and mechanism. MethodTaking encapsulation rate of volatile oil， extract rate and extraction rate of active ingredients as indexes， single factor test and orthogonal test were used to optimize the volatile oil inclusion， aqueous decoction and formulation molding processes of Baoyuan chewable tablets. ICR rats were randomly divided into the blank group， model group， Gaoshan Hongjingtian oral liquids group（6.01 mL·kg^-1） and and Baoyuan chewable tablets low， medium， and high dose groups（2.1， 4.2， 8.4 g·kg^-1）， 8 mice in each group， and were administered by gastric gavage at the corresponding dose once a day， the blank and model groups were given equal volume of saline for 15 d. After the last administration for 30 min， the mice were loaded with 5% of the body mass of lead at the tail and swam until exhaustion to establish the fatigue model， and the weighted swimming time of the mice in each group was recorded， meanwhile， the muscle tissues of the mice were sliced， stained by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） and subjected to pathological observation， and the levels of blood urea nitrogen（BUN）， lactic acid（LA）， liver glycogen（LG）， activities of lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） and creatine kinase（CK） in the serum were determined. ResultThe optimal inclusion process of cinnamon oil in Baoyuan chewable tablets was 10∶1 for β-cyclodextrin-volatile oil， and inclusion at 50 ℃ for 2 h with saturated aqueous solution method. The optimal water extraction process was to extract twice， adding 10 times of water to extract for 50 min for the first time， and adding 9 times of water to extract for 40 min for the second time. The ratio of the extract of Baoyuan chewable tablets with microcrystalline cellulose， maltodextrin， mannitol， citric acid， magnesium stearate was 63∶13∶8∶17∶17∶1∶1， the tablets were pressed by wet granulation， the each tablet weight was 1.2 g， and the hardness was 60-80 N. Compared with the model group， Baoyuan chewable tablets low， medium， and high dose groups could significantly prolong the exhaustion time of mice in weight bearing swimming（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and improve the exercise endurance of the body， and the results of HE staining showed that all dose groups of Baoyuan chewable tablets could significantly improve the muscle tissue damage caused by exercise， significantly reduce the levels of BUN， LA and the activities of LDH and CK in serum（P<0.01）， and significantly increase the content of LG（P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe optimized preparation process of Baoyuan chewable tablets is stable and feasible， and the preparation can improve exercise endurance by increasing the LG level in liver tissue， and relieve muscle soreness by accelerating the removal of LA from the body， and reduce CK and LDH activities to exert anti-fatigue effects.

Objective:To explore the application and teaching effect of TSPV (short for theoretical teaching, simulated surgical skills training, practical surgery training, and video-based review) 4-step teaching in skill training of gynecologic laparoscopic surgery.Methods:A total of 30 trainees who participated in gynecologic laparoscopic surgery training were randomly divided into two groups, with 15 in each group. The experimental group received TSPV 4-step teaching, while the control group adopted traditional teaching and completed training and assessment in stages. The general data, training assessment results, teaching feedback and satisfaction survey of the two groups were compared and analyzed. SPSS 20.0 was used for t-test and Chi-square test. Results:There was no statistical difference in age, gender distribution, education background, clinical working experiences and other general data between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the theoretical examination scores between the two groups [(85.3±4.6) vs. (83.4±4.3), P=0.252]. The scores of simulated operation assessment [(91.7±5.2) vs. [(72.4±5.9), P<0.001] and clinical practice assessment [(88.5±4.8) vs. (82.7±6.7), P=0.011] in the experimental group were better that those in the control group. In addition, the experimental group had a better overall evaluation of teaching satisfaction. Conclusion:TSPV 4-step teaching is a more optimized and popular gynecologic laparoscopic training mode, which is recommended to further promote the validation in teaching.

ABSTRACT: Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial neoplasm with diverse pathological types and complicated clinical manifestations. The fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS5), published in 2021, introduces major changes that advance the role of molecular diagnostics in meningiomas. To follow the revision of WHO CNS5, this expert consensus statement was formed jointly by the Group of Neuro-Oncology, Society of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medical Association together with neuropathologists and evidence-based experts. The consensus provides reference points to integrate key biomarkers into stratification and clinical decision making for meningioma patients. REGISTRATION Practice guideline REgistration for transPAREncy (PREPARE), IPGRP-2022CN234.
Humans ; Meningioma/pathology* ; Consensus ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Meningeal Neoplasms/pathology*

Objective: To evaluate the effects of overweight and obesity intervention in the health-promoting school model and to provide reference for effective prevention and control of overweight and obesityin middle Schools. Methods: Using stratified cluster random sampling, 10 middle schools in Sanmenxia City were randomly divided into intervention group and control group. In the intervention group and the control group, one middle school and one high school were randomly selected. The students from the two classes randomly selected in the first and second grades in the four schools that were selected, the questionnaire survey and medical examination was conducted before and after the intervention to evaluate the intervention effect. Results: After intervention, the ratio of overweight and obesity of the intervention group decreased from 22.70% before intervention to 17.45%, statistical significance(χ 2=4.11, P<0.05), and the ratio of overweight and obesity of the control group increased from 22.39% before intervention to 22.91%, no significant difference(P>0.05). After the intervention, the response rates of limiting red meat, fried food and sugarsweetened beverages were all higher than those before the intervention, the differences were statistically significant (χ 2=125.73, 10.69, 208.55, 170.66, 50.01, P<0.01). Conclusion The comprehensive intervention measures of overweight and obesity in the model of health promotion school can encourage students to develop healthy behaviors and effectively prevent and control middle school students from overweight and obesity, and it is easy to form a long-term intervention mechanism.

We reported a case of polyglandular syndrome induced by programmed death-1(PD-1) inhibitors. The patient was a 51-years-old male with non-small cell lung cancer, treated with PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab/pembrolizumab because of postoperative subcarinal lymph node metastasis indicated by PET-CT. During 14 cycles of PD-1 inhibitor treatment, the patient successively developed primary hypothyroidism, and type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM). More than five months after the withdrawal of pembrolizumab, the patient experienced recurrentce. Laboratory examinations showed mild hyponatremia and hypopituitarism including ACTH and growth hormone(GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) insufficiency. This is the first report of a patient diagnosed as polyglandular syndrome caused by PD-1 inhibitor. In particularly, the hypothyroidism and T1DM did not improve after drug withdrawal, while hypopituitarism was further aggravated. This case reminds us that we should pay more attention to the changes of endocrine function during and after the treatment of PD-1 inhibitor, so that we can make the correct diagnosis and take proper medical measures timely, to avoide missed diagnosis, and improper treatment.